WikiDer > Jorj Floyd Minneapolis-Sent-Polda norozilik namoyishlarini o'tkazmoqda
| Jorj Floyd norozilik bildirmoqda Minneapolisda - Sent-Polda | |
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| Qismi Black Lives Matter harakati va Jorj Floyd norozilik bildirmoqda | |
 _(49944138197).jpg) .jpg) .jpg) .jpg) Yuqoridan soat yo'nalishi bo'yicha
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| Sana | 2020 yil 26 may - hozirgacha (6 oy, 1 hafta va 4 kun) |
| Manzil | |
| Sababi |
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| Maqsadlar |
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| Usullari | Namoyishlar, namoyishlar, fuqarolik itoatsizligi, fuqarolik qarshiligi, jamoat san'ati |
| Holat | Davom etayotgan |
| Natijada | |
| O'limlar) | Kamida ikkitasi[4] halok bo'lganlar: |
| Hibsga olingan | 604[7] 2020 yil 2 iyundan boshlab |
| Zarar | 500 million dollar[8] 1500 mulk joylashgan joy[9] 150 bino yonib ketdi[9] |
| Zaryadlangan | 127[10] 2020 yil 15-iyul holatiga ko'ra |
The Jorj Floyd Minneapolis-Sent-Polda norozilik namoyishlarini o'tkazmoqda 2020 yil 26 mayda boshlangan davomli norozilik namoyishlari Minneapolis, deb ham ataladi Minneapolisdagi tartibsizliklar[11] yoki Minneapolis qo'zg'oloni,[12] javob sifatida boshlandi qotillik ning Jorj Floyd, 46 yoshli erkak Afroamerikalik hibsga olingan kunning ertasiga 25 may kuni vafot etgan kishi Derek Shovin, a Minneapolis politsiya boshqarmasi yana uch zobit hibsga olishda yordam berganida, zobit Floydning bo'ynida deyarli sakkiz daqiqa tiz cho'kdi.[13][14][15] Bezovta ichiga to'kilgan Aziz Pol, boshqa joylar Qarindosh shaharlar metropolitan mintaqa va butun bo'ylab AQSh shtati ning Minnesota. Floydning o'limi va mahalliy tartibsizliklar ilhomlantirdi global norozilik harakati politsiya shafqatsizligiga qarshi va irqiy tengsizlik.
Namoyishlarning aksariyati Minneapolis – Sent-Pol tinch edi.[16] Biroq, 27-maydan 29-maygacha bo'lgan uch kecha-kunduz davomida Minneapolis tartibsizlik va talonchilikdan favqulodda zarar ko'rdi - asosan 8 milya bo'ylab (8.0 km) Leyk ko'chasi shahar markazining janubida[16]- shu jumladan shaharning uchinchi politsiya uchastkasining yo'q bo'lib ketishi, u haddan tashqari ko'tarilib, yoqib yuborilgan.[17] Qo'shni Aziz Pol 82 million dollarga teng zarar ko'rdi va 330 binoga ta'sir qildi, shu jumladan 37 ta, asosan shahar bo'yida katta darajada buzilgan yoki butunlay vayron bo'lgan. Universitet xiyoboni biznes koridor.[18] Minnesota gubernatori Tim Vals faollashtirdi shtatning Milliy gvardiyasi tartibsizliklarga javoban, natijada uning qo'shinlari shu vaqtdan beri eng katta joylashtirilishiga olib keldi Ikkinchi jahon urushi.[19] Iyun oyining o'rtalariga kelib, Ikki shaharda zo'ravonlik kamida 2 kishining o'limiga olib keldi,[4] 604 hibsga olish va 1500 ta mulkka 500 million dollar miqdorida zarar etkazish, Qo'shma Shtatlar tarixidagi mahalliy tartibsizliklarning ikkinchi eng xavfli davri, 1992 yil Los-Anjelesdagi tartibsizliklar.[20][8][9][21][22]
Zo'ravon norozilik namoyishlari 30-maydan keyin ancha pasayib ketdi, chunki asosan tinch namoyishlar davom etdi va mahalliy rasmiylar politsiya siyosatini o'zgartirishga va'da berishdi.[17][23] Jamiyat xayr-ehsonlar bilan javob bergan bo'lsa-da, oziq-ovqat haydovchilari, ko'ngilli tozalash harakatlari va jamoat san'ati noroziliklar paytida to'lashlar,[24][25] tartibsizliklar dastlabki davri mahalliy iqtisodiy sharoitlarni yomonlashtirdi va nomutanosib ta'sir ko'rsatdi rangli odamlar va allaqachon ta'sirlangan shaharlarning eng zaif aholisi Minnesota shtatidagi COVID-19 pandemiyasi.[26][18][27] 2020 yil avgustiga kelib, ko'plab kichik biznes egalari zararni qoplay olmadilar va mavjud tiklash mablag'lari tezda tugab qolishdi, chunki Minneapolis va Sankt-Pol rasmiylari tiklanish harakatlari uchun davlat va federal yordam so'rab murojaat qilishdi.[18]
Fon
Jorj Floydni o'ldirish
Jorj Floyd qurolsiz edi Afroamerikalik politsiya tomonidan hibsga olinayotganda vafot etgan erkak Minneapolis 2020 yil 25 may kuni, soat 20:00 dan ko'p o'tmay. CDT, Sharqiy 38-ko'cha va Chikago prospektining chorrahasida joylashgan Cup Foods oziq-ovqat do'koni yaqinida. Yon atrofda bo'lgan kishi yozib olgan videoga ko'ra, oq tanli politsiyachi, Derek Shovin, taxminan sakkiz daqiqa davomida Floydning bo'ynida tiz cho'kdi, boshqa zobitlar J. Aleksandr Kueng, Tomas Leyn va Tou Tao hibsga olishda yordam berishdi va xavotirda bo'lganlarni orqada qoldirishdi.[28] Floydni atrofdagilarning videolarida bir necha bor eshitish mumkin: "Men nafas ololmayapman", "Iltimos" va "Mama". U voqea joyida behush holda paydo bo'ldi,[29] va edi o'lik deb e'lon qilindi 21:25 da tez yordam mashinasida Hennepin County tibbiyot markazining shoshilinch tibbiy yordam bo'limiga etkazilgandan so'ng.[30]
Sabablari va shartlari
Minnesota shtatidagi irqiy farqlar
Minneapolisdagi qo'zg'olonni keltirib chiqargan shart-sharoitlar yillar davomida investitsiya qilinmaganligi va atrofni tark etish natijasi deb aytilgan. Leyk ko'chasi Minneapolisda va shahar rasmiylari jamiyatning qora tanli aholisi ehtiyojlarini e'tiborsiz qoldirishmoqda.[31] 21-asrning boshlariga kelib Minneapolisda eng yirik uylar joylashgan edi irqiy nomutanosibliklar Qo'shma Shtatlarda. Shaharning rang-barang aholisi va mahalliy aholi aholining sog'lig'i, o'qishdagi yutuqlari, daromadlari va uyga egalik qilish kabi ko'plab farovonlik ko'rsatkichlari bo'yicha shaharning oq aholisidan yomonroq edi. Shahar tarixi davomida kamsituvchi siyosat va irqchilik natijasida, irqiy nomutanosibliklar 2000 yillarning birinchi o'n yilliklaridagi Minneapolis oldida turgan eng muhim masala deb ta'riflandi.[32] 2015 yilga kelib, egizak shaharlardagi uylarga egalik stavkalari oq tanli oilalar uchun 75 foizni tashkil etdi, ammo qora tanli oilalar uchun atigi 23 foiz, bu millatdagi eng katta tafovutlardan biri. 2018 yilga kelib, Minnesota shtatidagi qora tanlilar uchun ishsizlik tarixiy eng past darajaga - 6,9 foizga yetdi, ammo baribir bu oq tanlilar ko'rsatkichidan uch baravar yuqori edi.[31] Garchi qora tanli aholi Minnesota shtatining atigi 6 foizini tashkil etgan bo'lsa-da, ular 2016 yilda shtatdagi qamoqxonalar aholisining deyarli 37 foizini tashkil qilishgan.[33] 2020-yillarga kelib, shaharning qora tanli aholisining avlodlari oq tanli aholi kabi farovonlik va aktivlarning to'planish darajasiga ega bo'lmagan.[31]
Yaqinda politsiya tomonidan aholini o'qqa tutish
Jorj Floydning o'limi Minneapolisda 2010 yildan beri 11 kishi politsiya xodimlari tomonidan o'ldirilgan politsiya zo'ravonligining eng so'nggi misoli sifatida qaraldi.[31] 2015 yilda Jamar Klarkning otib tashlanishi, qora tanli, Minneapolis politsiyasi xodimi tomonidan tortishuvlar va noroziliklarga sabab bo'ldi; keyinchalik prokuratura tomonidan zobitlar o'zini himoya qilish uchun harakat qilganligi aniqlandi va hech qanday ayblov ilgari surilmagan. 2016 yilda Filando Kastiliyani otib tashlash, yaqin atrofda qora tanli odam Falcon Heights bir necha hafta davom etgan norozilik va tartibsizliklar bilan yakunlandi va jinoiy ish 10 oylik jarayondan so'ng sudyalar tomonidan oqlangan sud hukmi bilan yakunlandi.[12] 2017 yilda Justine Damondni otib tashlash, oq tanli ayollar, uni otib tashlagan qora tanli politsiya xodimi uchun 12 yillik qamoq jazosiga olib keldi.[31]
Minneapolis zobitlari tinch aholiga qarshi tajovuzkor kuch ishlatilishini oqlagan ko'p hollarda, politsiya bo'limi keyinchalik video va boshqa dalillar bilan zid bo'lgan ofitserlarning bayonotlarini chiqarish uslubini ishlab chiqdi, bu esa bir nechta fuqarolik huquqlari va o'lim bo'yicha noqonuniy da'volarni keltirib chiqardi.[34] Ba'zilar sud tizimining izchil emasligini va u qora tanli erkaklarni o'ldirgan oq tanli politsiyachilarni o'z xatti-harakatlari uchun javobgarlikka tortmasligini his qildilar va Floydning Shovin tomonidan mahkamlanganda yordam so'rab yolvorayotgani oq tanli va qora tanli fuqarolar uchun ko'proq tashvish va g'azabni keltirib chiqardi. shaharda.[35] Floydning o'limi, shuningdek, qurolsiz qora tanli amerikaliklar 2020 yilda o'ldirilgan juda ko'p xabar qilingan va ommaviy voqealarda uchinchisi edi, Ahmad Arberi yilda Atlanta 23 fevral va Breonna Teylor yilda Louisville 13 mart kuni namoyishchilar faqat Floydning o'limi haqidagi videofilmdan yoki AQShdagi so'nggi voqealarning avj nuqtasidan g'azablanadimi, aniq emas edi.[36]
Minneapolis politsiyasiga ishonchsizlik
Minneapolisda, 2020 yilga kelib, jamoat o'rtasidagi munosabatlar, ayniqsa shaharning qora tanli aholisi va Minneapolis politsiya boshqarmasi aholining politsiya xodimlari tomonidan bir necha marta o'ldirilishidan va ba'zilari politsiya rahbarlari tomonidan irqiy befarqlik namoyishi deb hisoblanganidan keyin yomonlashdi.[37][35][38] Shaharda Powderhorn bog'i Floyd o'ldirilgan mahalla, ba'zilari politsiya va qora tanli jamoat o'rtasida doimiy ishonchsizlik mavjudligini ta'kidladilar.[37] Minneapolis ofitserlari vakili bo'lgan politsiya kasaba uyushmasi rahbari, Bob Kroll, 2016 yilda Klarkning o'limiga aloqador zobitlar huquqbuzarliklardan tozalanganidan so'ng, Black Lives Matter-ni "terroristik tashkilot" deb atagan.[37] Uning siyosiy mitingda paydo bo'lishi Donald Tramp2019 yilda bo'lib o'tgan prezidentlik kampaniyasi, Kroll Trampning "politsiyachilarga o'z ishlarini bajarishiga imkon beradi, bizni o'rniga jinoyatchilarga kishan soladi", deb aytganida, ayrimlar uchun tortishuvlar paydo bo'ldi. "Bilan birgagetto" Rojdestvo daraxti zobitlar 2018 yilda to'rtinchi politsiya uchastkasida qo'yishgan, politsiya munosabatlari jamoatchilik bilan, ayniqsa uning qora tanli aholisi bilan yomonlashdi.[38]
Namoyishlar
26-may, seshanba
26-may, seshanba kuni ertalab politsiya ushbu hodisa to'g'risida bir kecha tunda bayonot berib, gumon qilingan pul ishlab chiqaruvchisi hibsga olishga "jismoniy qarshilik ko'rsatgan" va zobitlar tomonidan kishanlanib, "o'limga olib borganidan keyin" tibbiy qiyinchiliklarga duch kelgan ". Zobit Shovinning Floydning bo'ynidagi tizzasi haqida hech narsa aytilmagan bayonot, atrofdagilarning videosi paydo bo'lishidan bir necha soat oldin va ommaviy axborot vositalarida keng tarqaldi.[39][40] Politsiya bo'limi nima uchun dastlabki bayonot atrofdagi videoga olingan voqealardan farq qilishini hech qachon tushuntirmagan.[34] Floyd vafot etgan joyda to'rt nafar zobit ma'muriy ta'tilga chiqarildi, odatiy protokol, qo'shimcha tergov o'tkazilguncha.[41][42]
Kuzatuvchining videosi keng tarqalgandan so'ng, Minneapolis meri Jeykob Frey va Minneapolis politsiyasi boshlig'i Medaria Arradondo unda qo'lga kiritilgan grafik tafsilotlarga munosabat bildirish va hamjamiyatning kuchayib borayotgan g'azab hissi bilan birdamlik bildirish uchun ertalabki matbuot anjumani o'tkazdi. "Oddiy haqiqat shundaki, u bugun ertalab biz bilan bo'lishi kerak", dedi Floyd Floyd haqida. Arradondo "Amerikada qora tanli bo'lish o'lim jazosi bo'lmasligi kerak" deb qo'shimcha qildi.[16]
Birinchi uyushtirilgan noroziliklar peshin vaqtida paydo bo'ldi.[39] Floyd va Minneapolis politsiyasi bilan voqea sodir bo'lgan Sharqiy 38-chi ko'chada va Chikago prospektida vaqtinchalik yodgorlik yaratildi. U erga yig'ilgan ba'zi namoyishchilar: "Men nafas ololmayapman, nafas ololmayapman", - deya Floydning videoda bir necha bor takrorlagan so'zlari.[43] Minglab odamlar bir xil chorrahani suv bosishi bilan, tashkilotchilar norozilikni tinch o'tkazishni ta'kidladilar.[44]
Tushning o'rtalariga kelib, Arradondo Floyd hibsga olingan va o'ldirilgan joyda shaharning to'rt nafar zobitini ishdan bo'shatdi, bu esa Frey tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlandi. Biroq, namoyishchilar va Floydning oilasi barcha to'rt zobit uchun qotillik ayblovi va sudning tezkor oqibatlari, chunki Federal qidiruv byurosi va MINNESOTA Jinoiy qidiruv byurosi voqea bo'yicha tergov ishlarini ochdi. Bob Kroll, Minneapolis politsiya zobitlari kasaba uyushmasi prezidenti, zobitlarni ishdan bo'shatish tartibsiz amalga oshirilganini va tergov davomida "zobitlarni har tomonlama qo'llab-quvvatlashini" aytdi.[45][46][47]
Kech tushishidan oldin, Floyd o'lgan joydagi norozilik namoyishi ikki mil (3,2 km) yurishga aylandi. Minneapolis politsiya boshqarmasiTo'rt zobit ishlagan deb ishonilgan uchinchi uchastka politsiyasi.[43][44][17] Vokzalda namoyishchilar megafonlar va bino kirish qismidagi zinapoyalar bilan tinchgina yig'ilishdi. Kechqurun asosiy norozilik guruhi tarqatib yuborildi, ammo eshkak eshish guruhi ajralib chiqib, uchastka binosiga grafitlarni purkagich bilan bo'yashni boshladi va bo'sh militsiya mashinasining oynalarini sindira boshladi, ba'zi namoyishchilar ularni to'xtashga undashdi.[16] Yaqinda saylangan shahar kengashi a'zosi Eremiyo Ellison, qora tanli erkaklar o'ldirilganidan keyin politsiyaga qarshi oldingi namoyishlarda qatnashgan, shahar hokimiga atrofdagi mahallani tejashga umid qilib, politsiya mulkini buzayotganlarga aralashmaslikni maslahat berdi.[16]
Ba'zi namoyishchilar stantsiyaning avtoturargohini buzganda, vaziyat keskinlashdi,[43][44] va Arradondo politsiyaga ularni orqaga surish uchun ko'zdan yosh oqizuvchi gaz va rezina o'qlar bilan kirishni buyurdi, keyinchalik u bu ishni jurnalistlarga aytdi, chunki ba'zi ofitserlar o'zlarining transport vositalarida olib ketilishi mumkin bo'lgan qurollarni saqlashgan.[17] Bunga javoban, namoyishchilar toshlar, suv idishlari va qo'llariga kiradigan barcha narsalarni ofitserlar tomon tashladilar. Politsiya bilan to'qnashgan tartibsiz olomon yuzlab o'lchovlar bilan norozilik namoyishi boshlangan tinch guruhning farqi sifatida qayd etildi.[43][44] Ko'plab namoyishchilar politsiyaning javobini haddan tashqari reaktsiya deb hisoblashdi, bu faqat olomonni g'azablantirdi.[17]
Namoyishchilarning alohida guruhi tashqarida to'plandilar Okdeyl o'sha kecha Derek Shovinning uyi.[43]
27-may, chorshanba
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Minneapolisdagi norozilik namoyishlari 27-may, chorshanba kuni shaharning bir nechta joylarida davom etdi. Floyd vafot etgan joyda, namoyishchilar ibodat va bir qator hayqiriqlar orqali etakchilik qildilar. Ertalab kechgacha bir guruh namoyishchilar takrorlanayotganda yaqin atrofdagi chorrahani to'sib qo'yishdi "Kimning ko'chalari? Bizning ko'chalar. "Ba'zi namoyishchilar Cup Foods do'koni yonida yodgorliklarni qoldirishdi, ba'zilari esa" Floyd uchun adolat "va"Qora hayot masalasi"Ko'cha yuzida. Hech qanday politsiya hozir bo'lmagan va voqea joyi tinch deb ta'riflangan.[48]
O'sha kuni tushdan keyin Floyd vafot etganidan so'ng, 3,2 km uzoqlikda joylashgan uchinchi uchastka stantsiyasiga yig'ilgan olomon norozilik ohangini o'zgartirdi.[49] Miting dastlab tinch,[16] ammo keyinchalik politsiya ishdan bo'shatilgan rezina o'qlar ba'zi namoyishchilar uchastka oynalarini sindira boshlaganlarida va kimyoviy tirnash xususiyati beruvchi moddalar; ba'zi faollar yana odamlarni uni buzishni to'xtatishga urinishdi. Politsiya ko'zdan yosh oqizuvchi gaz bilan kuch bilan ilgarilab borar ekan, namoyishchilar atrofga tarqalib ketishdi.[49]
At AutoZone uchinchi politsiya uchastkasiga ulashgan Ist Leyk ko'chasidagi do'kon,[17] soyabon va bolg'a ko'targan niqobli odam oynalarni sindirish va talon-taroj qilishni rag'batlantiruvchi grafit bo'yoqlari bilan tasvirlangan videolarda qayd etilgan. Ba'zi namoyishchilar unga duch kelib, to'xtashini so'rashdi. Kechqurun o'sha AutoZone do'koniga o't qo'yildi.[50] Yaqin atrofda bo'lganida, Ist Leyk ko'chasida vaziyat yomonlashdi Maqsad do'kon taxminan 100 kishilik olomon tomonidan talon-taroj qilindi.[51] Minneapolis shahar kengashi a'zo Endryu Jonson, hududni vakili bo'lgan politsiya, vayron qilinayotgan voqealar uchun aybdor bo'lib, "Ular xuddi shunday edi Alamoni himoya qilish Kengash a'zosi Jeremiah Ellison o'sha kuni kechqurun ommaviy axborot vositalariga bergan intervyusida politsiya stantsiyani "qurbon qilishi" kerak, kengash a'zosi esa Linea Palmisano shahar amaldoriga bunday harakat "yakuniy tartibsizlik" ga olib kelishini xususiy ravishda bildirgan.[17]
Zo'ravonlik tunda davom etdi, chunki tartibsizliklar olov yoqib, shahar bo'ylab do'konlarni talon-taroj qildilar. Asosiy norozilik maydonidan bir milya (1,6 km) uzoqlikda, Minneapolis shahridan bo'lgan 43 yoshli Kalvin Xorton Jr., lombard egasi tomonidan o'ldirilib, u o'z biznesini o'g'irlab ketayotganiga ishongan.[5][52] Lombard ichkarisida va atrofida bo'lgan tartibsiz sahnada, atrofdagi ba'zi odamlar kichik Xortonga birinchi yordam ko'rsatishga va nima bo'lganini tekshirishga harakat qilgan politsiyachilarga narsalar uloqtirishdi, bu esa zobitlarni voqea joyidan qochishga olib keldi.[53] Shaharning shimoliy va janubiy tomonidagi biznes koridorlari bo'ylab o'nlab boshqa binolar talon-taroj qilingan yoki vayron qilingan, ammo voqealarning aksariyati uchinchi uchastka yaqinida sodir bo'lgan.[54] Yo'qotishlar orasida Midtown Corner ham mavjud, 189 dona uchun 30 million dollarlik qayta qurish loyihasi arzon uy-joy, mash'aladan keyin olov bilan vayron qilingan.[55] Hududdagi o't o'chiruvchilarning javobi kechiktirildi, chunki ekipajlar tartibsizliklardan himoyalanish uchun politsiya eskortlarini talab qilishdi.[16]
O'sha kuni kechasi Frey Minnesota gubernatoriga murojaat qildi Tim Vals va yordam so'radi Minnesota shtatining milliy gvardiyasiAmmo shahar hukumati qo'shinlarni joylashtirish vaqtini va moddiy-texnik bazasini bilmaganga o'xshaydi va taktik koordinatsiyani politsiya kuchlariga topshirdi.[16] Biroq, Milliy Gvardiyani safarbar qilish uchun bir oz vaqt kerakligini bilgan holda, Frey va shahar rahbarlari vaziyatni yumshatish yo'llarini muhokama qila boshladilar.[17]
28-may, payshanba
Favqulodda holat
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28-may tongida Minneapolisdagi 30 dan ortiq korxonalar tartibsizliklar tomonidan zarar ko'rgan yoki yo'q qilingan.[56] Bosh Arradondoning ta'kidlashicha, uning fikriga ko'ra, oldingi kungi namoyishlarning aksariyati tinch edi, ammo ularni talon-taroj qilgan va korxonalarni buzib tashlagan ba'zi odamlar "o'g'irlab ketishdi".[57] Minneapolis shahar ma'murlari eng yomoni allaqachon o'tgan deb umid qilishdi.[16]
Shafqatsiz xatti-harakatlarni to'xtatish uchun shahar hokimi Frey a favqulodda holat shaharning ta'sirida ko'proq moslashuvchanlikni ta'minlash uchun.[58] Frey va Arradondo, shuningdek, zo'ravonlik kuchaygan taqdirda Minneapolisdagi uchinchi uchastka taslim bo'lish favqulodda holatiga jimgina tayyorlana boshladilar. U erda joylashgan ba'zi ofitserlar va mish-mishlarni eshitgan va stantsiyaning avtoturargohi bo'shatilayotganini payqagan korxonalar tashqarisida bu rejani bilganlar kam edi.[17]
Qarindosh shaharlardagi korxonalar talon-taroj qilinishini oldini olish uchun kun bo'yi deraza va eshiklarni yopib qo'yishdi. Ular orasida Maqsadli korporatsiya uning barcha do'konlaridagi yopilishlarini e'lon qildi. Sent-Pol politsiyasi kaltaklar va gaz niqoblari bilan qurollangan ofitserlar shaharning eng gavjum tijorat yo'lagida patrullik qilishgan va boshqa biznes oynalari sindirib tashlangan paytda talonchilarni Target do'konidan olib chiqishgan. Minneapolis uni oldindan yopib qo'ydi engil temir yo'l tizimi Xavfsizlik nuqtai nazaridan yakshanba kunigacha avtobus xizmati. Rasmiylar metropoliten aholisidan o'sha tunda mollarni yo'q qilinishiga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun uyda qolishlarini iltimos qilishdi. Afro-amerikalik Sent-Pol meri Melvin Karter "Iltimos, uyingizda turing. Iltimos, bu erga norozilik bildirish uchun kelmang. Iltimos, diqqatimizni Jorj Floydga qaratib, bizning harakatimizni rivojlantirishga va bundan keyin bunday bo'lishiga yo'l qo'ymaslikka harakat qiling."[59]
Soat 4 da. CDT gubernatori Vals rasmiy ravishda 500 gvardiya qo'shinini faollashtirdi va shahar rahbarlarining iltimosiga binoan ularni Qo'shaloq shaharlar hududiga joylashtirdi.[17] Vals "Jorj Floydning o'limi ko'proq o'lim va halokat emas, balki adolat va tizim o'zgarishiga olib kelishi kerak" deb izoh berdi. Hokim leytenant Peggi Flanagan "Kecha namoyish barcha ishtirokchilar uchun nihoyatda xavfli bo'lib qoldi. Milliy gvardiyaning maqsadi odamlarni himoya qilish, namoyish qilayotgan odamlarni himoya qilish va kichik biznes egalarini himoya qilishdir."[60][58] Vals, shuningdek, to'liq safarbarlik qilish uchun qo'riqchilar qo'shinlarini bir necha kun talab qilishini aytdi.[17]
Kechiktirilgan ofitserga qarshi jinoiy ish
Shtat va federal prokurorlar tushdan keyin mintaqada matbuot anjumani o'tkazdilar Federal qidiruv byurosi ofis Bruklin markaziFloydning o'lim joyida bo'lgan ofitserlarga qarshi ishda katta voqea bo'lishi kutilgan Minneapolis atrofidagi shahar.[61] Biroq, Hennepin okrugi Advokat Maykl O. Freeman, politsiya huquqbuzarligi uchun jinoiy javobgarlikka tortish vakolatiga ega bo'lgan mahalliy rasmiy, uning idorasi tergov qilish uchun ko'proq vaqt kerakligini aytdi.[16] OAV brifingining kutilishini va uning ikki soatga kechikishini boshlashni tushuntirishda, AQSh advokati Erika Makdonald dedi: "Men siz bilan gaplashadigan yana bir voqea bo'ladi deb o'ylardim, ammo biz bunday qilmaymiz". Bir necha hafta o'tgach, 9-iyun kuni shtat va federal prokuratura sobiq ofitser bilan ayblovni uzaytirish to'g'risidagi bitimni muhokama qilayotgani ma'lum bo'ldi Derek Shovin o'sha paytda bu shtatdagi qotillik ayblovlari va fuqarolik huquqlari bo'yicha federal ayblovlarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin edi, ammo to'liq tushuntirilmagan sabablarga ko'ra bitim quladi.[61]
Tinchlikdan vayronkor namoyishlarga o'tish
Minglab tinch namoyishchilar yana ko'chalarda yurishdi va kun davomida Jorj Floyd uchun adolatni talab qilishdi. Minneapolisdagi yuzlab namoyishchilar, shuningdek, Fray va Arradondo politsiyaning ko'cha-ko'yda bo'lishini ataylab kamaytirgan uchinchi uchastka politsiyasi bo'limi yaqinidagi maydonga qaytib kelishdi.[62] Kechqurungacha politsiya xabarlariga ko'ra, olomon "tinch ish bilan shug'ullangan", chunki ba'zilar panjara qilish, musiqa tinglash va muloqot qilishgan. Faqat quyosh botganidan keyin olomon yanada bezovtalanib ketdi,[17] yaqin atrofdagi Maqsad do'konini talon-taroj qilish davom etganda, transport vositasi va bino yonib ketgan.[62]
Kechga qadar shahar bo'ylab bir nechta katta, ko'chma olomon va betartiblik haqida xabar berildi. 1500 kishidan iborat namoyishchilar Minneapolisdagi 400 ta davlat askarlari bo'lgan shaharning savdo markazidan o'tayotgan edilar. Yana bir katta olomon shaharning Hennepin xiyoboni va 5-ko'chaga yaqin shaharning birinchi politsiya uchastkasida ilgarilab ketdi va kichikroq odamlar boshqa joylarda to'plandilar. "Biz butun bir shaharni 600 zobit bilan minglab va minglab namoyishchilarga qarshi himoya qilar edik", dedi keyinchalik Frey voqealar haqida.[63]
Shaharning uchinchi politsiya uchastkasi yaqinidagi Minneapolisdagi Ist-Leyk ko'chasida o'nlab korxonalar talon-taroj qilinib, o't qo'yilishi bilan namoyishlarning intensivligi oshdi. Talonchilar vokzalning qarama-qarshi tomonida joylashgan spirtli ichimliklar do'koniga bostirib kirib, shishalarni olomonga tarqatib yuborishdi va keyin do'konni yoqib yuborishdi.[16][63] Yaqin atrofdagi "Max It Lombard" do'koni talon-taroj qilinayotganda yoqib yuborilgan. Yon atrofdagilar bir kishi bino ichida qamalib qolishganini aniqladilar, ammo derazalardan bir nechta kontrplakni olib tashlab, ichkarida porlab turgan chiroqlardan keyin ularni boshqarishda yordam berolmadilar. Keyinchalik yetib kelgan o't o'chiruvchilar binoda inshootni qutqarish operatsiyasi uchun juda beqaror bo'lgan.[64] Jabrlanuvchining yonib ketgan qoldiqlari, tartibsizlik paytida ikkinchi o'lim, qariyb ikki oy o'tgach, 20 iyulga qadar qayta tiklanmadi[4] va 20 oktyabrgacha aniqlanmagan.[65]
Uchinchi uchastkaning yo'qolishi
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O'sha tunda namoyishchilar diqqat markazida politsiya bo'limi binosining o'ziga qaratildi.[62] Ba'zilar rezina o'q otib javob bergan ofitserlarga narsalarni uloqtirishgan.[17] Namoyishchilar oxir-oqibat uchastka uchastkasini o'rab turgan to'siqlarni buzib tashladilar va politsiya bunga javoban ko'zdan yosh oqizuvchi gaz bilan javob qaytardi.[62][59] Hududda ziddiyatlar va yong'inlar o'rnatilgandan so'ng, Frey stantsiyani evakuatsiya qilish to'g'risida buyruq berdi, keyinchalik u taktikani vaziyatni yumshatish va odam o'limining oldini olishga qaratilgan deb aytdi. Shundan keyin bino namoyishchilar tomonidan bosib olinib, yoqib yuborilgan.[62][59] Evakuatsiya tartibiga qaramay, binoda hali ham kamida 13 nafar politsiyachi bo'lgan, ularning ba'zilari yuborilgan matnlar yaqinlaridan hayotlaridan qo'rqib.[66]
Binodan otryad transportida chekinayotgan zobitlar avtoturargoh eshigidan qulashlari kerak edi, chunki u qachondir namoyishchilar tomonidan qulflab qo'yilgan edi. Keyin namoyishchilar uyga kirib, uch blok naridagi uchrashuv joyiga yo'l olgan qochgan ofitserlarga shisha va axlatlarni uloqtirishdi. 10:13 da soat CDT boshlig'i Arradondo politsiya radiosi orqali "Uchinchi uchastkaning yo'qolishi uchun shaharning keng ovozi" ni e'lon qildi.[63] O'sha daqiqadan so'ng, politsiya, o't o'chirish yoki yo'q edi shoshilinch tibbiy xizmat tartibsizliklar yuz bergan hududda televizion yangiliklar jonli efirda vayronagarchilikning kuchayib borayotgan sahnalarini namoyish qildi.[67] Boshqarilmagan olomon bilan o'ralgan stantsiya 29-may tongi tonggacha o't o'chiruvchilar brigadasi hududga etib borganda va oxir-oqibat yong'inlarni o'chirishda yonib ketdi.[17]
O'sha kuni Minneapolisda joylashgan davlat patrul xizmati va Milliy gvardiya qo'shinlarining bir necha yuzta kontingenti o't o'chirish mashinalarini asosan kuzatib bordi va Federal zaxira Minneapolis markazidagi bino va hududlar. Keyinchalik Uolz Sharqiy Leyk ko'chasida zo'ravonlik avj olganligi sababli shahar o'z qo'shinlarini qaerga joylashtirish bo'yicha ko'rsatma bermaganligini ta'kidladi.[16] Shtat rasmiylari, shuningdek, shaharning uchastkadan voz kechish haqidagi qarori noto'g'ri qaror bo'lib, namoyishchilarga Valsning so'zlari bilan aytganda "mutlaqo betartiblik" holatini yaratishga imkon berishini ta'kidladilar.[68]
Sankt-Pol va boshqa joylarda
Qo'shnida Aziz Polchorshanba kuni kechqurun keng tarqalgan mulkni yo'q qilishdan xalos bo'lgan 170 ta korxona zarar ko'rgan yoki talon-taroj qilingan va o'nlab yong'inlar boshlangan, eng yiriklari Snelling va Universitet xiyobonlari yaqinida bo'lgan, ammo jiddiy jarohatlar yo'q.[69] Midway Savdo Markazi va Sent-Poldagi Sent Ray Savdo Markazi va Rosedale markazi yaqin atrofdagi do'konlar talon-taroj qilindi.[36]
29 may, juma
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Shahar bir nechta yong'in va zo'ravonlik bilan kurashayotgan paytda shahar hokimi Frey CDT 1:30 da ommaviy axborot vositalariga murojaat qildi. Frey Floydning o'limidan jamoatchilikning g'azabini tan oldi, ammo tartibsizliklar va talonchilarning harakatlarini qoraladi. Politsiyani uchinchi uchastkadan olib chiqib ketish to'g'risida qarorini himoya qilish uchun u shunday dedi: "G'isht va ohak hayot kabi muhim emas ".[70]
O'sha kuni gubernator Vals Minneapolis va Sent-Pol shaharlari uchun soat 20: 00dan boshlab ishlaydigan davlat komendant soati o'rnatdi. 29-may, juma va 30-may, shanba kunlari soat 6:00 gacha. Bu buyruq ko'chalarda sayohat qilishni yoki jamoat joylarida yig'ilishni taqiqladi. Frey, shuningdek, Minneapolisda bir-biriga mos keladigan mahalliy komendantlik soati e'lon qildi.[71] Ayni paytda, Maqsadli korporatsiya do'konlarini yopishni Minnesota shtatidagi 73 ga qadar kengaytirdi.[72]
Kech tushdan keyin, Hennepin okrugi Advokat Maykl O. Freeman Floyd vafot etganda bo'yniga tiz cho'kkan zobit Derek Shovin bilan ayblandi uchinchi darajali qotillik va ikkinchi darajali qotillik, ammo Floyd vafot etgan joyda bo'lgan Leyn, Kueng va Thao zobitlari uchun yangi ayblovlar kutilmoqda. To'rt zobitga qarshi zudlik bilan qotillik ayblovini talab qilgan namoyishchilar, Floyd vafot etganidan keyin to'rt kun kutgandan keyin hafsalasi pir bo'ldi va jinoiy ayblovlarni o'sha kuni o'z xabarlarining katta qismiga aylantirdi.[73]
O'tgan kecha uchinchi uchastka stantsiyasidan voz kechish eskalatsiyasining strategiyasi juma kuni tartibsizliklarni bostirishga unchalik ta'sir qilmasligi aytilgan.[17] Floydning o'limiga aloqador zobitlarga va yangi komendantlik soatlariga oid ayblovlar e'lon qilinganiga qaramay, tartibsizliklar yana juma kuni kechqurun boshlanib, shanba tongi davom etdi va aksariyat harakatlar Minneapolis politsiyasining beshinchi uchastkasi bilan Leyk ko'chasi yaqinida bo'lib o'tdi. va Nikolet-avenyu;[74] Minneapolisda juma oqshomidan shanbagacha 75 ta yong'in qayd etildi.[17] Xabarlarga ko'ra, huquqni muhofaza qilish organlarining borligi "aniqlanmagan" edi, chunki Minneapolisda zo'ravonlik tezda yarim tungacha o'sdi, militsiya xodimlari, shtat qo'shinlari va Milliy gvardiya a'zolari bezovtalanuvchilarni ko'zdan yosh oqizuvchi gaz va ommaviy kuch bilan to'qnashishni boshlaguncha.[74]
Keyinchalik rasmiylar Minneapolis beshinchi uchastkasi yaqinidagi tartibsizliklar sodir bo'lgan joyda 350 nafar politsiyachilarning soni olomon tomonidan juda ko'p bo'lganligini aytdi.[75] Vals tushuntirishicha, betartiblik ko'lami, qo'riqchilar qo'shinlarini safarbar qilish vaqti va olomonning harakatchanligi javob kuchlarini yo'naltirishni qiyinlashtirgan. Minnesota shtati jamoat xavfsizligi boshqarmasi Komissar Jon Xarrington noroziliklar shahar bo'ylab bir nechta joylarda faol bo'lganligini va bir nechta topshiriqlarni xavfsiz va muvaffaqiyatli bajarish uchun zobitlar etarli emasligini aytdi.[76]
Voqealar o'sha kechada sodir bo'lganda, Pentagon a'zolari joylashtirilgan Harbiy politsiya korpusi dan Bragg Fort va Fort baraban kutish holatida, Uolzning iltimosiga binoan egizak shaharlarga joylashishga tayyorlanmoqda.[77] Keyinchalik Uolts bu taklifni rad etdi va shtatning 13.200 askargacha bo'lgan Milliy Gvardiyasini faollashtirdi.[78]
30-may, shanba
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Minneapolis janubidagi politsiyaning beshinchi uchastkasi yonida bir nechta yong'inlar yoqilganda, tun bo'yi tutun va vertolyotlarning ovozi Minneapolisda osmonni to'ldirdi. A Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining pochta aloqasi Nikolletda, a Wells Fargo Bank filial va boshqa bir qator yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalari yonib ketdi. Minneapolis shimolidagi G'arbiy Brodveyda bir nechta korxonalar, shu jumladan yong'in natijasida vayron qilingan sartaroshxona yondi. Rasmiylar ushbu yong'inlarda zudlik bilan ishtirok eta olmadilar, chunki bu joylar xavfsizlik nuqtai nazaridan kelib chiqdilar, ammo keyinchalik ularga Milliy gvardiya va politsiya patrullari hamrohlik qilishlari mumkin bo'lganda etib kelishdi.[79]
Ikkinchi marta shuncha kechada rasmiylar matbuot anjumanini soat 01: 30da CDTda o'tkazdilar, ammo bu safar Sent-Polda gubernator va shtat amaldorlari boshchiligida. Ba'zi rasmiylar vayronagarchilikning aksariyati shtatdan tashqaridan kelgan odamlar tomonidan sodir bo'lgan deb taxmin qilishdi, keyinchalik bu da'vo namoyishchilarni hibsga olish yozuvlari bilan zid bo'lib, rasmiylar bekor qilindi.[80] Ma'lum qilinishicha, shahar hokimi Frey va gubernator Uolz Floydning o'limi va zo'ravonlik avj olayotgani haqida jamoatchilikka hissiy iltijo qilishganda, ular juda charchagan ko'rinadi. "Mutlaqo betartiblik - bu achinarli emas va biz buni to'liq tan olishimiz kerak bo'lgan (adolatsizlik to'g'risida) bayonot bermayapmiz - bu xavfli", dedi Vals. "Siz uyga borishingiz kerak." Kecha erta tongda vayronagarchilikni keltirib chiqaradigan olomonning sonini etarlicha baholamaslik uchun Uolz ham o'z zimmasiga oldi.[79]
Amaldorlar shanba kuni ko'proq olomonni kutib, qo'riqlash qo'shinlarini safarbar qildilar.[76] Floyd hibsga olingan va keyinchalik o'lim joyidagi vaqtinchalik yodgorlikda bir guruh odamlar to'planishni davom ettirdilar.[81] Minneapolis politsiyasining xabar berishicha, Xiawata xiyoboni va Leyk ko'chasi yaqinidagi namoyishchilarning yana bir guruhi politsiyaga noaniq narsalarni uloqtirish orqali hujum qilishgan va hududga ko'proq qismlarni joylashtirishgan.[82] Komendantlik soati o'tgandan keyin o'sha tunda Politsiya Minneapolisdan Sankt-Polga Leyk ko'chasi ko'prigi orqali o'tmoqchi bo'lgan bir guruh namoyishchilarga ko'zdan yosh oqizuvchi gazni ishlatdi.[81]
30-mayga o'tar kechasi, MINNESOTA milliy gvardiyasi to'liq tarqatish darajasiga yaqinlashdi. Ko'chadagi zo'ravonlik tinchlana boshladi, chunki norozilik aksariyat hollarda tinch voqealarga aylandi.[17] Minneapolis va Sent-Polda shanba oqshomida, avvalgi uch kechadan farqli o'laroq, bironta bino yoqilmagan.[83]
31-may, yakshanba
31-may kuni ertalab MINNESOTA milliy gvardiyasining 5 025 ta askari yo'lda ko'proq vazifalarni bajarayotgan edi. Minneapolis - Sent-Pol mintaqasi bo'ylab turli joylarda norozilik namoyishlari va mitinglar bo'lib o'tdi.[83] Ko'p sonli odamlar yana Floyd hibsga olingan va keyinchalik o'lgan joyda to'plandilar.[84] Sankt-Pol shahridagi davlat kapitoliy binosida bo'lib o'tgan "Jorj Floyd uchun adolat" mitingida ma'ruzachilar politsiya shafqatsizligi haqida gapirib, Floyd o'lgan joyda qolgan uch zobitni hibsga olishga chaqirishdi. Tinch olomon g'arbiy tomon yurishdi I-94 Sankt-Poldagi Universitet xiyoboniga borishdan oldin.[85]
Dramatik voqea soat 18:00 dan ko'p o'tmay yuz berdi. CDT, taxminan 5000 dan 6000 gacha odam to'planganida I-35W ko'prigi Minneapolisda. Namoyishchilar, ishongan politsiya kuchlari davlatlararo magistralga borganlaridan so'ng, uni to'liq yopib qo'yishdi, tiz cho'ktirishni boshladilar.[86] A yarim yuk mashinasi, yo'l yopilganidan bexabar, yiqilib ketmaslik uchun yo'llarni ajratib olgach, olomonni bosib o'tdi. Haydovchi to'xtaganidan so'ng, uni kabinasidan tortib olishdi va atrofdagi odamlar uni kaltaklashdi. U engil jarohat oldi, chunki ba'zi namoyishchilar uni himoya qilishga urinishdi.[87][88] Ijtimoiy tarmoqdagi jonli videoda yuk mashinasi haydovchisiga qurolni qaratib, yuk mashinasining old g'ildiragiga ikki o'q otib tashlagan odam tasvirga olindi.[89] Qarama-qarshi bo'lganlar haydovchini politsiyaga etkazib berishdi, keyin esa olomonni qalampir sepib yubordi. Yuk mashinasi haydovchisini olib ketishdi Hennepin okrugidagi tibbiyot markazi keyin hibsga olingan Jinoiy qidiruv byurosi, dastlab uni hujumda ayblagan.[87][88] Ko'prikdagi odamlarga jiddiy shikast etkazish haqida xabar berilmagan.[87] Minnesota jamoat xavfsizligi Komissar Jon Xarrington dastlab yuk mashinasi haydovchisining qasddan qilgan ishini rad etdi[90] va uni qo'shimcha tergov o'tkazguncha ozod qildi,[91] ammo keyinchalik u voqea munosabati bilan 2020 yil oktyabrida o'zgartirilgan.[89]
100 dan ortiq odamlar uyning tashqarisida to'plandilar Hennepin okrugi Advokat Maykl O. Freeman Floyd vafot etgan joyda Minneapolis zobitlariga qarshi ishni ko'rib chiqish uchun maxsus prokurorni chaqirish. Faollar to'rt kunlik kechikishni tanqid qilishdi, Frimanning idorasi tomonidan Shovinga qarshi ayblovlar qo'zg'atilishi va boshqa uch zobitga nisbatan ayblovlar yo'qligi. Kunning ikkinchi yarmida Uolz va Friman Minnesota shtatining Bosh prokurori bilan kelishib oldilar Keyt Ellison tergovga yordam beradi.[92]
1-iyun, dushanba
Minglab odamlar tinch yig'ilishdi davlat kapitoliy binosi Sankt-Polda va Gubernatorning qasriga yurish qilib, politsiyani isloh qilishni va Floydning o'limida ishtirok etgan barcha to'rt zobitni sudga tortishni talab qildi. Miting chetidagi 30 ga yaqin Pol Pol politsiyachisi tizzasini cho'zdi, bu esa imo-ishora ichi bo'sh deb hisoblagan miting tashkilotchilarining tanqidiga sabab bo'ldi. jamoat bilan aloqa kaskadyor va ulardan ketishni iltimos qildi. Faol Nekima Levi Armstrongbosh prokuror Keyt Ellisonga ishonchsizligini aytib, Floyd ishi shtatdan tashqarida ko'rib chiqilishini talab qildi. Shtat gubernatori Tim Vals mitingning bir qismida qatnashgan, ammo ommaviy ravishda gapirmagan.[93]
2-iyun, seshanba
Minglab odamlar egizak shaharlar bo'ylab bir nechta tinch namoyishlarga yig'ilishdi. Qo'shma Shtatlar davrida ijtimoiy adolatni aks ettirish fuqarolik huquqlari davri, din rahbarlari janubiy Minneapolis va Sent-Polda tegishli yurishlarni o'tkazdilar. O'nlab hududdagi o'rta maktab o'quvchilari "o'tirish"Sankt-Poldagi 3000 kishini tashkil etadigan davlat kapitoliy binosida.[94] Somne namoyishlari Minneapolis chorrahasida davom etdi, Floyd o'ldirildi va komendantlik soati kelganidan keyin bir guruh qoldi.[95]
3-iyun, chorshanba
On June 3, Ellison, who four days earlier took over the case against the officers involved in Floyd's death, upgraded the murder charges against former officer Chauvin and charged former officers Kueng, Lane, and Thao with yordam berish ikkinchi darajali qotillik. Floyd's family called the charges “a significant step forward on the road to justice". Walz, who visited the Floyd memorial in Minneapolis where crowds continued to gather, said he recognized "that the anguish driving protests around the world is about more than one tragic incident".[96][97]
4-iyun, payshanba
Some protests continued Thursday as the family of George Floyd held a memorial service for him at Shimoliy Markaziy universiteti in Minneapolis, about three miles (4.8 km) from where he was killed on May 25. Many state and local officials attended, including governor Walz, U.S. Senators Emi Klobuchar va Tina Smit, AQSh vakili Ilhan Omar, Saint Paul Mayor Melvin Karter, Minneapolis shahar hokimi Jeykob Frey, and Police Chief Medaria Arradondo. The service also drew national officials and civil rights leaders, such as Martin Lyuter King III, Reverends Jessi Jekson va Al Sharpton, as well as several celebrity figures. A reverent crowd gathered at nearby Elliot parki to listen to a broadcast of the memorial on loudspeakers where free food, groceries, and dry goods were provided.[98][99]
5 iyun, juma
Thousands gathered for a rally at AQSh bank stadioni in Minneapolis to honor the life of Floyd and call for police reform measures. Former NBA basketball player Roys Uayt, a featured speaker at the event that brought civil rights organizations and professional athletes together, called for the resignation of police union president Bob Kroll. The protest group marched through the city in the early evening.[100]
As nights grew calmer, curfews that had been in place since the previous Friday ended in the Twin Cities.[101]
Unrest after June 5
Minneapolis–Saint Paul experienced prolonged unrest in 2020 largely as a cultural reckoning on topics of irqiy adolatsizlik.[102] Protestors sought justice for Floyd and made broader calls to address tarkibiy irqchilik in Minnesota, with many protest events part of the larger Qora hayot masalasi harakat.[17] Minneapolis–Saint Paul residents and officials struggled to deal with the aftermath of the initial riots, as the attention of the national media shifted focus to the broader protest movement sparked by Floyd's death.[103] In the following weeks and months, protests were largely peaceful in Minneapolis–Saint Paul,[17] but some instances generated controversy and resulted in property destruction and arrests, as demonstrators sought reform of policing and reacted to other events, such as the Jeykob Bleykni otib tashlash yilda Kenosha, Viskonsin.[104][105] By late August, many residents were still on edge from Floyd's death and distrustful of the police.[106] False rumors about the suicide of a qotillik suspect, which some believed was another police shooting, led to a riot on August 26. Another round of looting and vandalism overnight affected 76 property locations, including four businesses that were set on fire.[107]
Javob
Hukumat harakatlari
Attacks on bystanders and reporters
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During the unrest, police forces fired ko'z yoshartuvchi gaz va o'limga olib kelmaydigan munitions at crowds of people that included bystanders and reporters. Some activists said that several instances came without warning and were directed at groups demonstrating peacefully.[108] Linda Tirado, a photojournalist, was left blinded in one eye after being hit by a less-lethal bullet fired by Minneapolis police on May 29 at a gather crowd after curfew.[109] Tom Aviles, a photojournalist with WCCO-TV, was shot at with rubber bullets and arrested the evening of May 30 on live television. Keyinchalik u ozod qilindi.[110] A video circulated online showing police officers enforcing curfew ordering residents on their porches to go inside, and after a few demands, firing paint rounds at the residents.[111][112] Several other incidents between bystanders and law enforcement generated controversy, including some that were also captured on video. In the morning of May 29, CNN muxbir Omar Ximenes and his camera crew were arrested by Minnesota shtatidagi patrul officers as Jimenez reported live on television. After intervention from Walz, the crew was released an hour later.[113][114] Video of a parking lot at Lake Street and Nicollet Avenue, captured uniformed state patrol officers on May 30 slashing tires of unoccupied vehicles parked near protests, including those of several journalists.[115][116]
Curfews imposed on residents
The state imposed nightly curfews in the cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul beginning on Friday, May 29 to keep people off the streets. Several metro area cities also set curfews of their own.[117] The curfew in Minneapolis prohibited all forms and modes of travels with exceptions for those that need to travel for work. Those breaking curfew could face fines up to $1,000 or 90 days in jail. Officials hoped that the curfew would "isolate those who have criminal intent from those who do not".[118] Curfews that started on Friday, May 29, were in effect from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. By Monday, June 1, as nights grew calmer, curfews were shortened to 10 p.m. to 4 a.m. and extended through the night of Thursday, June 4. Curfews fully ended one week after being put in place, on June 5.[101][119]
Formal declarations
State and local officials issued several orders and declarations during the course of events. On May 28, Walz issued an executive order declaring a peacetime emergency in Minnesota due to the civil unrest, which stood up the state's emergency operations center and activated the Minnesota National Guard. Mayors Frey and Carter also declared local emergencies in their cities the same day.[120][121][122] Walz issued a proclamation declaring sakkiz daqiqa 46 soniya of silence at 11:00 a.m. CDT on June 9, 2020, in memory of Floyd, which coincided with the beginning of Floyd's funeral in Xyuston, Texas[123] He also proclaimed June 19 as "Juneteenth Freedom Day" and called on the qonun chiqaruvchi to make it an annual state holiday.[124] In mid July, the Minneapolis shahar kengashi va Hennepin okrugi passed resolutions declaring racism a sog'liqni saqlash bo'yicha favqulodda vaziyat. The city's resolution said that racism leads to discrimination in several areas of life, including that Black people are three times more likely to be killed by police, resulting in inequitable health outcomes for people of color for a variety of conditions and diseases.[125]
National Guard deployment
After the protests turned violent, 7,123 members of the Minnesota shtatining milliy gvardiyasi were pressed into duty in the Twin Cities. The deployment, commanded by Major General Jon A. Jensen, was state's the largest since Ikkinchi jahon urushi.[19] The mission was to support local law enforcement, safeguard the state capitol building, and protect the right of people to protest.[126][127] It was not until Saturday night, May 30, 2020, that the state's National Guard deployment was fully mobilized, after which the unrest subsided and the protests returned to being largely peaceful events.[17] During the guard's mobilization, troops were fully armed because of credible threats authorities had picked up, but the troops did not fire on any people. Troops had 18 minor injuries during the course of deployment, none of which were the result of altercations with demonstrators.[19]
The delayed arrival of troops to areas were unrest was occurring received criticism for "lagging" in its response to the riots. After being activated by Walz on May 28, 2020, Jensen claimed he and other guardsman were not provided clear directions by Walz on how to respond to the protests and riots.[128][129] It was noted that no guardsmen were present during rioting on the May 29, which destroyed numerous businesses in Minneapolis; streets were not cleared until the next day.[130][131]
Speculation about outside influences
Officials had trouble identifying the people responsible for causing destruction as the peaceful protests transitioned to riots. By May 30, Minnesota state law enforcement had recovered incendiaries, weapons, and stolen vehicles left in the areas of heated protests.[132] Early in the events, state and local officials claimed that "white supremacists" and "outside agitators" might be responsible. Walz initially speculated that as much as 80% of people causing destruction and lighting fires could be from outside the state; several analysis of arrest records later contradicted the statement, finding that under 20% were. Carter said that all of the people arrested in Saint Paul by May 30 were from outside Minnesota, a claim he later rescinded.[80][133] Hacked police intelligence documents as part of the BlueLeaks data release revealed that federal and state officials were monitoring social media and online message groups for extremist activity related to the protests. Local law enforcement were on high alert for suspicious behavior and attacks on officers, possibly leading to confrontational tactics with demonstrators, such as firing o'limga olib kelmaydigan munitions and tear gas. A number of imminent attack warnings never came to pass.[134] Federal, state, and local officials refused to comment on the documents, saying they were obtained illegally and contained law enforcement-sensitive information.[135]
Surrender of the third precinct station
Built in 1985, the third precinct station in south Minneapolis was overrun and officially lost on Thursday, May 28, 2020.[17] It is a matter of debate whether the decision by city officials to abandon it helped save lives or inspired more violence. Arradondo, Frey, and other city leaders prepared as early as Wednesday, May 27 for the possibility of surrendering the station, which had been the location of tense protests beginning the evening of Tuesday, May 26, a day after Floyd's arrest and death.[136]
According to Frey, after the precinct building was breached the city faced the choice of hand-to-hand combat with demonstrators that could result in more death, or forces could make a hasty departure and leave the building to the crowd, the latter of which happened in dramatic fashion as it was captured on live video. The image of an abandoned police station being set on fire by demonstrators was said to symbolize the collapse of order in Minneapolis and the failure of the police's relationship with the community.[17] The precinct had a reputation over the preceding years for what the community considered aggressive policing by officers.[137] One protester said of watching the station burn that it felt like therapy after years of contention following the killing of metro area residents, including several black men, by police officers.[138]
Hennepin okrugi officials estimated the cost to replace the police station, either at the prior location or at a new location, was $10 million.[137]
Community actions
Cleanup of property damage
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Each morning, hundreds of residents, some with snow shovels and brooms, went to areas affected by overnight rioting to clean up trash, graffiti, broken glass, and the remnants of damaged buildings. Some residents participating in the clean up were devastated by the damage, but shared the sense of anger and solidarity over Floyd's death.[24][139] Other participants said that cleaning up helped calm intense emotions about the events. Organizers of clean up events said they were partially motivated by a worry that the protests would only be defined only by looting and vandalism and not messages about justice.[25]
Food drives
Residents took action to support the needs of people for food and goods who were affected by the riots. In the areas of heavy rioting, many local stores were closed after being looted and burned, and food pantries were overwhelmed. A small food drive at a middle school in Minneapolis aimed to fill 85 bags of food to help families, but organizers ended up with a line of vehicles stretching 14 city blocks and 20,000 bags of bread, fruit, and other items. A food drive in the Kichik Yer community resulted in enough packages of food and diapers to serve 1,000 residents and 7,500 people from the nearby neighborhoods. Many organizations, overwhelmed by the volume of donations, had to turn them away.[140]
Public art installments
Vibrant works of arts appeared all over the Twin Cities that honored George Floyd's memory and showed community solidarity. Boarded-up buildings were described as canvasses for artists, and so were walls, sidewalks, and public property.[141] In a grassy field near the location where Floyd died, artists erected a symbolic cemetery with 100 gravestone markers of African-Americans, including of Floyd, who were killed by police.[142] A devor of George Floyd on the side of the Cup Foods grocery store became one of the most recognizable images of the global norozilik harakati that was sparked by his death, and a digital rendering of it served as a backdrop to his casket at his funeral in Xyuston, Texas.[143][144] The work, created by white artists, drew some criticism for being created without the input of people of color and the nearby community, and it started a discussion about representation in the artist response to Floyd's death.[145] A group of local artists using the name Creatives After Curfew, who were predominately Black, Indigenous, and People of Color painted murals on boarded-up business through the Twin Cities after raising money for paint supplies through several campaigns, and their works featured messages calling for justice and expressing pride for minority-owned businesses.[146]
Safety patrols
Residents awoke many mornings during the heaviest rioting to find nearby restaurants, liquor stores, and other businesses had been set on fire. In Minneapolis, the Longfellow, Powderhornva Fillips communities were heavily affected by the events. Reports and videos of residents confronting the people causing damage circulated, as did rumors about who might be responsible for the violence. Some residents felt the city and law enforcement had abandoned them, so they carried bats and sticks to protect their homes and businesses. On Saturday, May 30, Minneapolis city counselors hosted community meetings in public parks and helped residents initiate block-by-block plans to monitor disruptive activity.[80] The Amerika hindular harakati and local business owners organized group patrols around the Kichik Yer community of up to 100 volunteers each night of the larger protests, which was credited with saving more than 20 businesses on Franklin Avenue.[147] Little Earth community members later paid for lights at a park and trained community members in de-escalation tactics, efforts some hoped would serve as a new model for policing in the city.[148]
Many small business owners and organization leaders stood guard at their buildings overnight during the heaviest rioting. Some intervened to dissuade rioters from destroying property while others carried fire arms. Several establishments near Lake Street posted signs that the business or organization was minority or black owned, or that it served American Indian youth. Some businesses were spared from destruction, such as a Nepalese restaurant on East Lake Street in Minneapolis that posted such signs, but others were destroyed by fire despite similar notices, such as a nearby Indian restaurant and barbershop.[149][150] One business owner of a distillery near the Minneapolis third precinct station credited "black owned" signs for preventing fires at part of his business complex.[151]
Natijada
Arrests and investigations
Case against the police officers
The first criminal charges against the four former Minneapolis police offers at the scene of Floyd's death came on May 29, four days after the incident. By late 2020, Chauvin faced second-degree murder charges while Lane, Kueng, and Thao faced changes for aiding and abetting second-degree murder. To'rt zobit ustidan sud jarayoni 2021 yil 8 martda boshlanishi rejalashtirilgan.[152]
Local criminal charges of protesters
The multi-agency law enforcement command center for the Twin Cities announced that 604 protesters had been arrested as of June 2 during the course of events.[7] Several hundred of those arrested were described as participating in peaceful protests, but were taken into custody at night for violating curfew.[153] Avvalgi NFL star and civil rights activist Kolin Kaepernik donated what was described as a “substantial” sum of money to a legal fund to defend protesters in Minnesota and elsewhere. Many people charged with violating curfew faced potential fines of up to $1,000 or 90 days in jail.[154] By July 15, 2020, the city of Minneapolis had charges pending for 493 people that had violated curfew or unlawfully assembled, and the Hennepin okrugi Attorney's Office had announced plans to prosecute 15 people for alleged burglaries during the unrest.[22] In Saint Paul, 87 of the 100 people arrested during the unrest were for curfew violations. Shahar prokurori Lyndsey Olson said that cases would be dismissed for people engaging in peaceful protests that did not involve acts of violence.[155]
Case against the truck driver
In October, authorities charged a 35-year-old man from Otsego, Minnesota with several felony and misdemeanor accounts in connection with a truck-driving incident on I-35W northbound on May 31. The man, returning from a fuel delivery, drove a tractor trailer onto an unbarricaded section of the interstate highway as hundreds of protesters were marching across a bridge over the Mississippi River. In their criminal complaint, the police believed the driver should have been able to see the crowd and multiple vehicles that had either stopped or were traveling in the wrong direction, giving him time to stop or change course, and that he drove in a manner to scare protesters marching on the bridge. One protester suffered abrasions during the incident. Authorities had not charged anyone who assaulted the driver during the incident, as of October 2020.[89]
O'limlar
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At least two deaths were reported as a result of the civil unrest in Minneapolis.[4]
Calvin Horton Jr., a 43-year-old man from Minneapolis, was fatally shot by the owner of the Cadillac Pawn & Jewelry shop who believed he was burglarizing his business. The incident took place on East Lake Street about one mile (1.6 km) from the main protest site on the evening of May 27. The owner of the shop was a 59-year-old man from Geysvill, Viskonsin.[5][52] The scene in and around the store was described as chaotic with many people inside the store. When police officers arrived in response to the shooting, bystanders threw objectors at the officers as they administered aid to Horton, Jr. and attempted to investigate the scene, leading the officers abort the investigation. The shop owner was arrested the night of the shooting and held in Hennepin County Jail for several days, but he was released pending further investigation. Only one witness came forward and authorities could not find any surveillance video that showed what happened. There were no new developments in the case by July 21, 2020, when family and supporters of Horton, Jr. protested outside the store and demanded the owner be charged with murder.[53]
Federal and state authorities recovered a body at the Max It Pawn store on July 20, 2020, that appeared to have suffered thermal injuries. The pawn shop, located a few blocks east of the third precinct station, was destroyed by fire during rioting on May 28. A 25-year-old man from Rochester, Minnesota was federally charged in June with arson for the particular fire.[4] The identity of the adult male victim was not initially released by officials who said they were investigating the death as a homicide.[156] In October, the Hennepin County Medical Examiner's office identified the victim as Oscar Lee Stewart Jr., a 30-year-old from Bernsvill, Minnesota, and classified his death as a homicide. According the medical examiner's report, Stewart Jr. died from “probable inhalation of products of combustion and thermal injury from an intentional building fire.”[6]
Federal arson and rioting charges
In the weeks following the initial protests, federal law enforcement opened investigations of people who instigated looting and arson. By mid July, the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining advokati e'lon qilgan edi federal criminal charges for 13 people. Three of the federal charges were for men who participated in the burning of the third police precinct building in Minneapolis[22][16]—a 23-year old part-time resident of Saint Paul and the U.S. state of Florida,[157] a 26-year old from Zımbalar,[158] and a 22-year old from Brainerd.[159] In mid August, federal authorities charged two suburban Twin Cities men—a 29-year old from Vayzata and a 24-year old from Monticello—for conspiring to commit arson at a Wells Fargo Bank building on Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis that was set ablaze on May 28 and suffered heavy fire damage. [20] Most of the people charged for rioting or arson during the unrest had ties to the U.S. state of Minnesota. Authorities identified many suspects via videos they posted of themselves at protests on social media websites.[160]
Federal authorities also charged two men for firebombing the Dakota okrugi Service Center in Olma vodiysi on May 29 during the unrest. Fornandous Cortez Henderson, a 32-year old from Vahshiylik, pled guilty to aiding and abetting arson. The case against the co-defendant, a 24-year-old from Uzoq ko'l, was still active in August 2020.[161]
Boogaloo movement involvement
In September, the FBI charged alleged members of the Boogaloo Bois for attempting to capitalize on the unrest in Minneapolis. Michael Robert Solomon, a 30-year old from Nyu-Brayton, and Benjamin Ryan Teeter, a 22-year old from Xempstid, Shimoliy Karolina, were initially charged with attempting to provide material support to HAMAS. Solomon had been seen openly carrying a firearm in a Minneapolis neighborhood during the unrest.[162] U a juda to'g'ri militsiya that deployed to the area where he and his companions were allegedly armed and prepared to shoot police if they approached a Minneapolis home where they staged.[163] In November, officials upgraded charges for the two men for possession of an unregistered firearm and unlawful possession of a machine gun. During the unrest after Floyd's death, witnesses cited in the criminal complaint said they observed the men brandishing weapons in residential neighborhoods, and that the men discussed committing acts of violence against police and other targets to advance their mission to overthrow the government.[164]
In October, a Texas member of the Boogaloo Bois was charged by the Federal qidiruv byurosi with one count of interstate travel to incite a riot for allegedly shooting 13 rounds into the Minneapolis third police precinct building while people were inside, looting it, and helping to set it on fire.[165]
White nationalist involvement
A person, nicknamed "Umbrella Man", who dressed in black clothing and carried an umbrella and sledgehammer, was seen in a video taken on May 27 breaking windows at an AutoZone store near the third police precinct, as well as spray-painting "free shit for everyone zone" on the store. Later that day, the AutoZone store was set on fire by unknown persons.[166] He also made violent threats to a photojournalist who happened to capture images of him in the background of a news report.[167] In late July the Minneapolis police department identified a suspect for "Umbrella Man". The suspect had ties to the Jahannam farishtalari va Aryan kovboy birodarligi, and he participated in the harassment of a Muslim woman in Stilluoter, Minnesota in June that received media coverage. The man had not yet been charged with a crime as of July 28, 2020.[168] Police documents that were sızdırıldı to the public stated that white supremacist groups, including the Hells Angels and Aryan Cowboys, had discussed discrediting protests by posing as demonstrators.[169]
Jorj Floyd yodgorlik sayti
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The day after Floyd's death, a makeshift memorial emerged at the East 38th Street and Chicago Avenue intersection in Minneapolis near where he was killed by a police officer the evening of May 25. Thousands of visitors protested and grieved at the site, which was described as like a "shrine".[170] Many visitors left behind flowers by the murals and sculptures created by activists to symbolize the Black Lives Matter movement. Protesters also erected makeshift barricades, blocking automobile traffic from reaching the intersection. The Minneapolis police said in June that they would not alter or decommission the memorial site or remove artifacts and largely avoided the area.[171] The Minneapolis Planning Commission recommend to the city council that the length of Chicago Avenue between 37th and 39th streets be named as “George Perry Floyd Jr Place”[172] and the city designated the intersection as one of seven cultural districts shaharda.[173] The city also allocated $4.7 million to establish a permanent memorial at the site. By late November, the city was unable to reach agreement with community organizations who had presented officials with a list of demands before opening the intersection back up.[174]
Politsiya islohoti
State and city policies
The widespread protests and a significant public scrutiny of its law enforcement policies led to reforms of policing in Minneapolis and the U.S. state of Minnesota. The Minneapolis shahar kengashi va Minnesota shtati Inson huquqlari departamenti Minneapolisdan politsiya tomonidan bo'g'ilish va boshqa bo'ynini cheklashni taqiqlash tartibini yangilashni talab qiladigan vaqtinchalik taqiqlash to'g'risidagi buyruqqa rozi bo'ldi, masalan, Jorj Floyd o'ldirilganda voqeada foydalanilgan ofitser.[175] Many organizations quickly distanced themselves from the Minneapolis police force by ending formal policing relationships, led by city's maktab tumani va park board va Minnesota universiteti.[176] The park board also announced changes to the park politsiyasi uniforms and vehicles to distinguish them from Minneapolis police.[177] On July 21, 2020, the Minnesota state legislature passed major police reform legislation that banned chokeholds, established an independent commission to review police-related deaths, and required de-escalation training for officers.[178] By late 2020, city officials announced plans to begin pilot programs for mental health response teams, violence prevention, early warning system to flag officer behavior, broader use of 3-1-1 system for theft reports, and a truth and reconciliation commission to promote racial healing.[179]
Minneapolis police union
Bob Kroll, head of the Minneapolis police officers union, was the subject of several protests. After offering support for the officers at Floyd's death and a full investigative process, he made few substantial statements during the initial course of events. But after several days of clashes with the police and protesters, he sent a controversial email to Minneapolis rank-and-file police officers. The message criticized Frey and Walz for not containing the riots and commending the work of responding officers, and he characterized the protests as a "terrorist movement", a claim he also made about the Qora hayot masalasi movement in 2016.[180] Several local officials were quick to condemn Kroll's email statement, including city council president Liza Bender who described Kroll as "a barrier to change" of the Minneapolis police force.[181] Bir nechta kasaba uyushmasi leaders called for Kroll's removal, with one saying he perpetuated "a culture of violence" against the black community.[3] In June, Arradondo announced the police department would withdraw from union contract negotiations as a first step towards police reforms,[182] but other city officials continued to participate in negotiations.[179]
"Defund police" movement
A Powderhorn bog'i rally organized by black-led social justice organizations on June 7, nine of the 13 members of the Minneapolis city council vowed to dismantle the city's police department.[183] Onstage taking the pledge were Council President Liza Bender, Vitse prezident Andrea Jenkins and Council Members Alondra Cano, Phillippe Cunningham, Eremiyo Ellison, Steve Fletcher, Cam Gordon, Endryu Jonson, and Jeremy Schroeder. Kengash a'zosi Linea Palmisano attended the rally as an audience member, but did not go on stage or take the oath, and Council Members Lisa Goodman and Kevin Reich did not attend nor agree to the pledge.[184] A day earlier, on June 6, Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey had been called out of home by a protest group and asked if he support abolishing the police. When he answered no, the crowd booed him away.[185]
The June 7 pledge by nine city council members, though it represented a veto-proof majority, did not actually disband the Minneapolis police force and details about the next steps in the process were not defined at the time. Some activists wanted to consider the idea of unarmed crisis response personnel and re-purposing the police department's $193 million annual budget for education, food, housing, and health care.[186][127] The city council voted unanimously in late June to revise the city's charter to permit dismantling of the police department, a step towards possibly replacing the police department with a civilian-led Department of Community Safety and Violence Prevention, and with goal of putting the issue before voters on the ballot in November. The council's move drew opposition from some black leaders and activists who felt that the council was "pandering", in the words of a local pastor. Others felt that the council had not adequately included voices from the black community in the process and expressed the need to address public safety concerns as black residents were disproportionately victims of crime and witnesses of crime in the city, just as they were disproportionately victims of excessive police force.[187] In August, the Minneapolis City Charter Commission voted to block plans to hold a vote on the proposed city charter amendment in November 2020, citing a need to for longer review.[188]
The goal to "politsiyani bekor qiling", which became a political talking point for Respublikachilar in the 2020 elections to characterize Demokratlar as anti-law enforcement, largely collapsed in the following months. Council members who took the June 7 pledge had different interpretations about its meaning when reflecting back on it several months later. Council Member Johnson, for example, said the mantra of the pledge was meant "in spirit" and not to be taken literally. Some advocates, however, were expecting complete abolition of the police force.[189] Controversially, it was revealed in July that on the same day they pledged to "begin the process of ending" the police department, Council Members Cano, Cunningham, and Jenkins used city funds to hire private security guards.[190][191] When asked directly in October 2020 by Minnesota jamoat radiosi if they still supported abolishing the police department, no Minneapolis council member directly answered "yes", and Council Members Ellison and Goodman declined to respond to the survey at all.[192]
By late 2020, public polling revealed mixed views among Minneapolis residents about reduced funding for the police, with more than half of the city's residents opposing a reduction in the size of the police force.[179] Decisions about the allocation of city resources and size of the police department came in late 2020 as Minneapolis had tallied its highest levels of violent crime in decades.[193]
Iqtisodiy ta'sir
Moddiy zarar
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During the riots, National Guard forces and law enforcement focused on protecting large institutions such as the Federal Reserve, power plants, and state capitol building. Officials acknowledged the emphasis came at the expense of family- and minority-owned business, many of which were burned or plundered by looters.[79] Nearly 1,500 property locations in the Twin Cities were damaged by vandalism, fire, and/or looting, with some buildings reduced to rubble and dozens of others completely destroyed by fire. The heaviest damage occurred in Minneapolis along a 5-mile (8.0 km) stretch on Lake Street between the city's third and fifth police precincts and in Saint Paul along a 3.5-mile (5.6 km) stretch of University Avenue in the Yarim yo'l maydon.[9]
In Minneapolis, approximately 1,300 properties were damaged by the rioting and looting,[194] nearly 100 of which were destroyed or severely damaged.[195] Thirty-five families lost housing in buildings that were damaged by fire.[196] By mid August, the vast majority of the heavily damaged sites were still left in ruins or dangerous piles of hazardous rubble as the city required business owners to be fully compliant with property taxes before issuing demolition permits. Frustrated and financially distressed business owners felt the city was discouraging reinvestment, especially as Saint Paul officials expedited demolition permits without a similar requirement.[195] Minneapolis officials eventually waived the property tax requirement after the issue generated public scrutiny.[197]
| Turi | Number damaged |
|---|---|
| Restoran | 267 |
| Chakana savdo | 207 |
| Xizmatlar | 114 |
| Oziq-ovqat | 85 |
| Cellphone store | 76 |
| Yoqilg'i | 63 |
| Avtomatik | 60 |
| Yashash joyi | 53 |
| Salon/barber | 52 |
| Sog'liqni saqlash | 47 |
In Saint Paul, the unrest resulted in $82 million in damages and affected 330 buildings. Thirty-seven properties sustained major damage or were destroyed, half of which were national chain stores.[18] Shahar Universitet xiyoboni corridor that sustained most of the damage featured many small businesses owned by people of color.[198] More than 50 damaged business were owned by Osiyo-amerikalik people, some of whom ko'chirildi in the area after leaving war-torn counties.[194] Residents and business owners in Saint Paul worried that outside investors would seek to displace local businesses that were disproportionately affected by the Covid-19 pandemiyasi and the unrest after the death of Floyd.[198]
Beyond the city boundaries of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, damage from rioting was reported in the suburbs as far north as Bleyn va janubga qadar Olma vodiysi. Clusters of damaged storefronts also appeared in the Twin Cities' suburbs of Richfield, Shimoliy avliyo Pol, Maplewood, Bruklin markaziva Rozil.[199] Estimates of property damage in the region were upwards of $500 million, making the unrest in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul area the second most destructive in United States history, after the 1992 yil Los-Anjelesdagi tartibsizliklar.[8]
Local officials estimated that rebuilding damaged business corridors could take 10 years.[194]
Rebuilding and recovery
Economic conditions for people and businesses worsened in Minneapolis and Saint Paul after the riots.[26] State and local officials vowed to help affected businesses by creating new financing initiatives to accelerate repair and recovery efforts.[26] In Saint Paul, the Tijorat Palatasi raised $1 million for small business rebuilding grants.[194] Saint Paul officials also established a $3 million relief fund, but it was quickly depleted and officials looked to state and federal relief options by August 2020.[18] By November, the Lake Street Council had raised $11 million that it planned to distribute as small grants to help local business rebuild and recover in the East Lake Street corridor in Minneapolis that had been most impacted by arson and looting.[200]
Many small business owners in the Twin Cities who were affected by the riots and looting found they had to pay for repairs and rebuilding out of their own pockets as insurance payments fell well short of amounts needed.[201] A proposed $300 million Minnesota recovery fund, that included $168 million for small businesses and nonprofits to rebuild, did not receive backing from the state legislature when Respublikachilar who controlled the Senate objected.[18] At least one Minneapolis business that suffered heavy damage to its factory from the fires, 7-Sigma, said they would leave the city for good after losing trust in public officials during the riots.[26] Some large businesses announced plans to rebuild. Ular orasida Maqsadli korporatsiya made a commitment to rebuild the store on East Lake Street that had been heavily damaged,[72] which it re-opened six months later in November 2020.[200] The developer of the six-story, under-construction affordable housing building that burned down near the third precinct station announced plans in June to start the project over, a process the developer said would take two years.[196]
Walz requested federal aid of around $15 million, the amount potentially eligible for reimbursement to mitigate fire damage, from the Federal favqulodda vaziyatlarni boshqarish agentligi on July 2, 2020. In order for the request to be approved, President Trump would have needed declare a “major disaster” for the state of Minnesota.[202] The federal government, however, denied the request in July, leaving the state with the difficulty of addressing the financial impacts from property damage amidst a state budget crisis caused by the koronavirus pandemiyasi.[203]
Siyosiy ta'sir
Siyosiy ishtirok
The civil rights movement sparked by Floyd's death, as well as mitigation measures over the COVID-19 pandemic, led to a surge in voter registration in 2020. In Minnesota, registration for identified Demokratlar doubled, while identified Respublika registration was flat compared to prior periods.[204] Young people of color at suburban high schools felt the awareness after Floyd's death allowed them to push for changes to address discrimination, racism, and the racial achievement gap in schools.[205] Social justice organizations in Minnesota experienced a boost in revenue as a result of momentum behind the Black Lives Matter movement in the wake of Floyd's death, with companies such as the Target Corporation and U.S. Bank making multi-million dollar donations to local nonprofits.[206]
Federal
Minneapolisdagi tartibsizlik paytida Leyk ko'chasida yonib ketgan yong'inlardan olingan tasvirlar va "politsiyani defund" degan mantrani tortishuvlarga sabab bo'lgan siyosiy reklama Donald TrampRaqibiga qarshi ovoz berish uchun sabab sifatida qayta saylov kampaniyasi Jo BaydenGarchi Bayden kampaniyasi politsiyani defundatsiya qilishni qo'llab-quvvatlamagan bo'lsa va tartibsizliklarni qoralagan bo'lsa ham.[207] Bayden esa shtatni 7,12% ustunlik bilan yutib oldi va yaxshilandi Hillari Klinton2016 yildagi saylovdan 1,52% marj. Baydenning 2016 yilgi saylovlardagi eng katta yutug'i Minneapolis - Sent-Pol chekkalarida bo'lib, u erda ba'zi aholi muntazam irqchilikni mamlakatdagi asosiy muammo deb hisoblashgan.[208]
Qarindosh shaharlar metropolitenidagi notinchlik odatiy mavzu edi Kongress poygalari kichikroq aholi punktlari va qishloq joylari uchun Buyuk Minnesota. Uning uzoq yillik amaldagi prezidentini mag'lub etish bo'yicha muvaffaqiyatli kampaniyasida Kolin Peterson, a'zosi Demokratik-dehqon-mehnat kokus, Minnesota shtatining ettinchi kongress okrugi uchun, respublikachi Mishel Fishbax Trampning ovozini takrorladi "qonun va tartib"Amerika shaharlaridagi tartibsizliklar uchun demokratlarni ayblagan ritorika. Fishbax nomzodlarning metroda bo'lmaganlar haqidagi bahsida:" Ular Minneapolisda sodir bo'layotgan narsalar ularning orqa hovlisida ro'y bermasligiga ishonch hosil qilishni xohlashadi "dedi. [209] Shunga o'xshash mavzular Respublikachilarda ham namoyish etildi Jim Xagedorn Demokratik da'vogarga qarshi muvaffaqiyatli qayta saylov kampaniyasi Dan Feehan Minnesota shtatidagi birinchi kongress okrugi o'rni uchun juda qizg'in poyga uchun. Xagornorn qonunbuzarlik va Minneapolisdagi "politsiyani defundatsiya qilish" harakati Minnesota shtatining janubidagi qishloqlarga tarqalishi mumkinligini ta'kidladi.[210][211]
Shtat
2020 yil oktyabr oyida, Minnesota shtatidagi Senat respublikachilari vaziyatni may oyi oxirida avj oldirganligi sababli, tartibsizliklar xatti-harakatlarini bostirish uchun etarlicha ishlamaganligi uchun Uolz va Freyni ayblagan 61 sahifali hisobotni e'lon qildi. Hisobot ommaviy axborot vositalarining hikoyalari, ijtimoiy tarmoqlardagi xabarlari va hukumatning metro mintaqasidagi notinchliklarga munosabati to'g'risidagi yozgi qonunchilik tinglovlariga asoslangan edi. Minnesota Demokratik-Fermer-Mehnat partiyasi Senatorlar hisobotni Floydning Shouinning tizzasi bilan o'ralgan paytda o'lganligi yoki Minneapolis politsiya boshqarmasiga bo'lgan ishonchsizlik jamoatchilikning g'azabini qo'zg'atadigan omillar sifatida qayd etilmagani uchun tanqid qildilar. Hisobot 4 noyabrdagi saylovlardan uch hafta oldin e'lon qilingan bo'lib, unda shtat qonun chiqaruvchi palatasining ikkala palatasi ham qatnashishi kerak edi.[212] Saylovdan so'ng, respublikachilar guruhi shtat senatidagi ularning ozchilik ko'pchiligini tashkil qildi Demokratik-dehqon-mehnat shtat uyida ko'pchilikni saqlab qoldi, natijada yana ikki yilga bo'lingan shtat qonun chiqaruvchisi bo'ldi.[213] Faol Jon Tompson, uning do'sti Filando Kastiliya kim tomonidan otib o'ldirilgan Falcon Heights politsiya xodimi 2016 yilda Demokratik-Fermer-Mehnat partiyasi tomonidan 67A shtatining okrug okrugiga nomzod sifatida g'olib bo'lib, sharqiy Sent-Polni o'z ichiga olgan. Tompson tashqarida munozarali norozilik namoyishini o'tkazgan edi Ugo Minneapolis politsiyasi kasaba uyushma prezidentining uyi Bob Kroll avgust oyida, Tompsonning yallig'lanishli ritorikani ishlatgani uchun uzr so'rashiga olib keldi.[214]
Mahalliy
2020 yil noyabr oyida 86% ovoz bilan Minneapolis saylovchilari 2021 yilda bo'lib o'tadigan keyingi saylovlar bilan shahar kengashlari o'rinlarini ikki yillik muddatga vaqtincha qo'yib, munitsipal saylovlar o'tkazilish vaqti to'g'risida referendumni ma'qulladilar.[215] Minneapolis kengashi prezidenti Liza Bender 2020 yil 8-noyabrda o'zining 10-palatadagi o'rindig'iga qayta saylanishga intilmasligini e'lon qildi. Benderning ta'kidlashicha, uning qarori shahardagi uzoq davom etgan tartibsizliklardan oldin qilingan,[216] ammo Benderning kengashda ishlashidan norozi bo'lgan ba'zi irqiy adolat tarafdorlari va politsiya islohotlari bo'yicha chora-tadbirlarning yo'qligi bu harakatni ma'qullashdi.[217]
Aholining sog'lig'iga ta'siri
Covid-19 pandemiyasi
Floydning o'limidan keyin fuqarolik tartibsizliklari global miqyosda sodir bo'ldi COVID-19 tarqalishi natijasida kelib chiqqan pandemiya SARS-CoV-2 nafas olish yo'llari infektsiyasi. Odamlar kiyishadi himoya maskalari norozilik namoyishlarida odatiy ko'rinishga aylandi, ammo ijtimoiy masofani saqlash qiyin bo'ldi. Aksariyat namoyishchilar Minneapolisdagi politsiya javobgarligini va tarkibiy o'zgarishni talab qilish istagiga qarshi virusni yuqtirish xavfini tortishlari kerak edi.[218] Minnesota shtatidagi sog'liqni saqlash rasmiylari ommaviy norozilik namoyishlari yanada kuchayishi mumkinligidan ogohlantirdi Minnesota shtatida virus tarqalishi va ozchiliklar jamoalariga nomutanosib ta'sir ko'rsatadigan epidemiyaning kuchayishiga olib keladi.[219] Iyun oyining boshlarida shtatniki sog'liqni saqlash boshqarmasi jamoat tashkilotlari yordamida bepul sinov klinikalarini o'rnidan turdi va norozilik namoyishlarida qatnashgan odamlarni sinovdan o'tishga undadi.[220] 18 iyungacha metropolitendagi to'rtta popup saytida sinovdan o'tgan 3200 kishidan 1,8 foizi SARS-CoV-2 uchun ijobiy natija bergan bo'lsa, xususiy tibbiyot xodimlari tomonidan sinovdan o'tkazilganda HealthPartners Ommaviy yig'ilishda qatnashganligini aytgan, sinovdan o'tgan 8500 kishi orasida 0,99 foiz ijobiy ko'rsatkich mavjud. Sog'liqni saqlash vazirligining yuqumli kasalliklar bo'yicha direktori Kristen Ehresmann ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, "norozilik tadbirlarida yuqtirish juda kam bo'lgan".[221]
Irqchilikka oid favqulodda vaziyat
Minneapolis shahar kengashi 17-iyul kuni irqchilikni jamoat salomatligi holatida favqulodda holat deb e'lon qilish va shaharda irqiy tenglik masalasini hal qilish bo'yicha bir qator harakatlar qadamlarini belgilab bergan qarorni ma'qulladi.[222] Minneapolisda va Qo'shma Shtatlarning boshqa joylarida e'lon qilingan bayonot qora tanli olimlar va qora tanli faollarning tizimli irqchilikni tan olishga intilishlarining natijasi bo'lsa-da, ba'zi tanqidchilar keyingi voqealar haqida savol berishdi.[223] Minneapolisdagi rezolyutsiya shahar aholisi qora tanli, tub aholi va rang-barang odamlar manfaatlarini ta'minlash uchun uy-joy qurish, jamoatchilikni rivojlantirish, yoshlar dasturlari va kichik biznesga ko'proq sarmoya kiritishni talab qildi.[224]
Haykallarni olib tashlash
Xristofor Kolumb
An Amerika hindular harakati guruhi haykalni yiqitdi Xristofor Kolumb 10 iyun kuni Sent-Pol shahridagi davlat kapitoliy binosi tashqarisida global norozilik harakati tomon burilgan edi yodgorliklar va yodgorliklarni olib tashlash munozarali meros bilan.[225] Namoyishchilar, shu jumladan Dakota va Ojibve jamoat a'zolari, haykalni atrofiga arqon aylantirib, granit ustunidan tortib olishdi. MINNESOTA shtati askarlari ishtirok etishdi, ammo aralashmadi. Nizom olib ketilib, omborga joylashtirildi.[226]
Kalvin Griffit
The Minnesota egizaklari sobiq egasining nizomini olib tashladi Kalvin Griffit jamoadan tashqarida Maqsadli maydon 19 iyun kuni Minneapolisdagi beysbol stadioni. Jamoa o'z bayonotida "haykal 1978, 2010 va bugungi kunda mavjud bo'lgan sistematik irqchilikning johilligini aks ettiradi" dedi. Griffitning merosi 1978 yilda Waseca Lions Club-da qilgan nutqida irqchi fikrlaridan so'ng buzilgan, ammo uning statuti 2010 yilda ochilganida stadion maydoniga qo'yilgan edi.[227][228]
Ijtimoiy ta'sir
Jinoyatchilik va xavfsizlik
Minneapolisda may oyi oxiridagi tartibsizliklar boshlangan haftalar va oylar ichida zo'ravonlik jinoyati avj oldi.[229] Zo'ravonlikning katta qismi eng og'ir tartibsizliklar va talon-tarojlarni boshdan kechirgan to'rtinchi va uchinchi politsiya uchastkalarida to'plangan. Iyulga kelib, 2020 yilda Minneapolisda qurol zo'ravonligi qurbonlarining 80 foizdan ko'prog'i qora tanli fuqarolar bo'lgan, bu shaharning eng qashshoq va eng xilma-xil mahallalarida zo'ravonlik bilan shug'ullanmaganligi uchun politsiyani bekor qilish harakati tanqidiga sabab bo'lgan.[230] Minneapolis politsiyasi iste'foga chiqish, ishdan bo'shatish, nafaqaga chiqish va tibbiy ta'tilni birlashtirganligi sababli o'z xodimlarining 10 foizini yo'qotdi va otishma haqidagi xabarlar, qotillik va juda ko'p sakrashga qaramay, yozda politsiya faoliyati o'tgan yilga nisbatan 30 foizga kamaydi. zo'ravonlik bilan bog'liq jinoyatlar.[231] Noyabr oyiga qadar shahar 375 taga etdi avtoulovlarni o'g'irlash, 500 kishi o'q otdi va 79 kishi qotillikBu shahar 1990-yillarning o'rtalaridan beri "Murderapolis" dahshatli monikerni qo'lga kiritganidan beri eng yuqori ko'rsatkich edi.[193]
Dastlabki tartibsizliklardan so'ng, Ikki shaharning ko'chalarini xavfli miqdorda giyohvand moddalar bosdi. May oyi oxirida mintaqadagi kamida 20 ta dorixonalar talon-taroj qilindi yoki yoqib yuborildi, shu qatorda bir nechta mustaqil do'konlar va egalik qiladigan tarmoq dorixonalari joylashgan joylar. Cub, CVS va Walgreens. The Giyohvand moddalarga qarshi kurash boshqarmasi ko'cha qiymati 15 million dollar bo'lgan bir million dozali tabletka va siroplar o'g'irlangan yoki yo'q qilingan deb taxmin qilgan.[232]
Uysizlik
May oyi oxiridagi tartibsizliklar boshdan kechirayotgan odamlarga ham ta'sir ko'rsatdi uysizlik va uysizlar lagerlariga nisbatan shahar siyosatida o'zgarishlarga olib keldi. Tartibsizliklar tufayli ko'chirilganlarning ba'zilari bo'sh joydan boshpana izladilar Sheraton shahardagi mehmonxona Midtown Turar joy dahasi. Ko'ngillilar uni 200 ga yaqin odam uchun mo'ljallangan mehmonxona va qo'riqxonaga aylantirishga yordam berishdi.[27] Ammo mehmonxonadagi vaziyat keng tarqalgan vandalizm, giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilish va zo'ravonlik bilan betartiblikka aylandi. Keyinchalik mehmonxonada yashovchilar haydab chiqarildi, ba'zilari esa shaharning Pauerxorn bog'ida keng lager tashkil qildilar, ular iyul o'rtalarida 560 ta chodirga etishdi.[233][234] Qarorgohda ko'plab jinsiy tajovuzlar, janjallar va giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilish yaqin atrofdagi aholi uchun tashvish uyg'otdi. The Minneapolis bog'i va dam olish kengashi keyinchalik bog'ni chodirlarda yashovchilarni tozalab tashladi, ammo har birida 25 ta chodirga ega bo'lgan 20 ta shahar bog'ida uysizlar turar joylarini doimiy qurilmaga aylantirish uchun ruxsat berish jarayonini yaratish uchun ovoz berdi.[235]
Xaritalar
Minneapolis-Sen-Poldagi fuqarolik tartibsizligining asosiy joylari, 2020 yil 27-28 may:
Minneapolisdagi Ist-Leyk ko'chasi
G'arbiy University Avenue, Saint Paulda
Minneapolisdagi Nikolet-avenyu
Shuningdek qarang
- 2020 yil Qo'shma Shtatlar irqiy adolatsizlikni hisoblash
- 2020 yil Qo'shma Shtatlardagi irqiy tartibsizlik
- Jorj Floyd Minnesota shtatidagi norozilik namoyishlarida
- Minneapolis tarixi
- Minneapolis - Sent-Poldagi fuqarolar tartibsizligining ro'yxati
- Qo'shma Shtatlarda politsiya shafqatsizligi
Adabiyotlar
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Ammo voqea tasvirlangan hujjat tavsifida keltirilgan vaqt tamg'alari, ularning aksariyati videoga olingan bo'lib, ular boshqa ko'rsatkichni bildiradi. Shovin ulardan foydalanib, Floydning tizzasini 7 daqiqa 46 soniya davomida ushlab turdi, shu jumladan Floyd nafasni to'xtatgandan keyin 1 daqiqa 53 soniya.
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Taxminan soat oltidan boshlab, politsiya Leyk-Strit va Xivata xiyoboni chorrahasi yaqinida joylashgan uchastkada kimyoviy tirnash xususiyati beruvchi moddalarni va rezina o'qlarni otishni boshladi, chunki ijtimoiy tarmoqlardagi videoda ba'zi namoyishchilar yana uchastka oynalarini sindira boshlagani ko'rsatilgan.
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- ^ Ferraro, Nik (2020 yil 26-avgust). "Yirtqich odam Dakota okrugi sud binosiga molotov kokteyllarini tashlaganlikda aybini tan oldi". Qarindosh shaharlar. Olingan 11-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ https://www.startribune.com/2-boogaloo-bois-charged-with-conspiring-with-terrorist-organization/572321772/
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- ^ KSTP xodimlari (2020 yil 6-noyabr). "2" Boogaloo Bois, '1, Minnesota shtatidan, XAMASga moddiy yordam ko'rsatishda yangi ayblandi ". KSTP. Olingan 6-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ "Texasdagi Boogaloo Bois a'zosi Jorj Floydga qarshi norozilik namoyishlari paytida Minneapolis politsiya uchastkasiga qarata o't ochishda ayblandi". Star Tribune. Olingan 24 oktyabr, 2020.
- ^ Jany, Libor (2020 yil 28-iyul). "Politsiya:" Soyabon odam "Jorj Floydni tartibsizlikka undashga urinayotgan oq tanli supremacist edi". Star Tribune. Qabul qilingan 28 iyul 2020 yil.
- ^ Merfi, Esme (2020 yil 28-iyul). "MPD:" Soyabon odam "Floyd namoyishlari paytida irqiy tartibsizliklarni ekmoqchi bo'lgan do'zax farishtalarining a'zosi ekanligiga ishonishdi". WCCO. Qabul qilingan 28 iyul 2020 yil.
- ^ Jany, Libor (2020 yil 28-iyul). "Politsiya:" Soyabon odam "Jorj Floydni tartibsizlikka undashga urinayotgan oq tanli supremacist edi". Star Tribune. Qabul qilingan 28 iyul 2020 yil.
- ^ Vayl, Kelli va Bredderman, Uilyam (28 iyul 2020). "Bu da'vo qilingan Oq Supremacist" Umbrella Man "Politsiya Minneapolis Xaosida gumon qilingan shaxs". The Daily Beast. Qabul qilingan 28 iyul 2020 yil.
- ^ Uolsh, Jeyms (2020 yil 12-iyun). "Jorj Floydning ibodatxonasi Minneapolis chorrahasida doimiy bo'lishi mumkin". Star Tribune.
- ^ Braun, Kayl (2020 yil 13-iyun). "Minneapolis politsiya departamenti Jorj Floyd yodgorligini o'zgartirmasligini aytmoqda". KSTP.
- ^ Otarola, Migel (2020 yil 4-avgust). "Cup Foods, Jorj Floyd o'ldirilgan joy Minneapolis janubida qayta ochildi". Star Tribune.
- ^ Xodimlar (2020 yil 14-avgust). "Minneapolis shahar kengashi tenglik, yoqilg'i iqtisodiy o'sishini rivojlantirish uchun 7 ta yangi madaniy tumanlarni tasdiqladi". WCCO. Olingan 25-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ "Namoyishchilar 38-chi va Chikagodagi bosqichma-bosqich ochilishini rad etishmoqda". MPR yangiliklari. Olingan 31 avgust, 2020.
- ^ Berns, Katelyn. "Shaharlar va shtatlar politsiyaga bo'g'uvchi vositalar va ko'zdan yosh oqizuvchi gazdan foydalanishni taqiqlamoqda". npr.org. Olingan 15 iyun, 2020.
- ^ "Minneapolis shahar kengashi a'zolari o'z shahar politsiya bo'limini tubdan o'zgartirish niyatida ekanliklari to'g'risida e'lon qilishdi". www.cbsnews.com. Olingan 8 iyun, 2020.
- ^ "Minneapolis Park va dam olish kengashi bir ovozdan Minneapolis politsiya boshqarmasi bilan aloqalarni uzishga ovoz beradi".. KSTP. 2020 yil 3-iyun. Olingan 22 iyun, 2020.
- ^ Bakst, Brayan (2020 yil 21-iyul). "Qonunchilik palatasi politsiya to'g'risidagi qonunni qabul qildi, maxsus sessiyani yakunladi". MPR. Olingan 21 iyul, 2020.
- ^ a b v Navratil, Liz (2020 yil 26-noyabr). "Jorj Floyd o'ldirilganidan 6 oy o'tgach, Minneapolisda politsiya xizmati qanchalik o'zgargan?". Star Tribune. Olingan 27-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Perret, Konnor (2020 yil 1-iyun). "Minneapolis politsiyasi kasaba uyushmasi rahbari norozilik namoyishlarini" terroristik harakat "deb atadi va e-pochtada tarqalgan siyosatdagi tartibsizliklarda siyosatchilarni aybladi". Insider. Olingan 16 iyun, 2020.
- ^ "Minneapolis politsiyasi kasaba uyushma boshlig'i Kroll, shaharning tartibsizliklariga javoban ofitserlarga yo'llagan xatida". Star Tribune. Olingan 1 iyun, 2020.
- ^ Allassan, Fadel (2020 yil 10-iyun). "Minneapolis politsiya bo'limi kasaba uyushma shartnomasi bo'yicha muzokaralardan chiqib ketdi". Axios. Olingan 16 iyun, 2020.
- ^ Sirski, Dionne; Eligon, Jon (7 iyun, 2020). "Minneapolis o'z politsiyasini tarqatib yuboradi, Kengash a'zolari va'da berishadi". The New York Times. Olingan 8 iyun, 2020.
- ^ Navratil, Liz (2020 yil 8-iyun). "Minneapolis shahar kengashining aksariyati" politsiya bo'limini tugatish jarayonini boshlashga "va'da berishadi". Star Tribune. Olingan 28-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Shuman, Devid (6 iyun 2020). "'Men butun politsiya bo'limini bekor qilish uchun emasman ': Mayor Frey Mpls-da chiqish qiladi. Norozilik ". WCCO 4CBS Minnesota. Olingan 10 iyun, 2020.
- ^ Du, Syuzan; Kassel, Emili; Jons, Xanna (2020 yil 1-iyul). "Defund & demonting: Minneapolis politsiyasiz kelajakka umid qilmoqda". Shahar sahifalari.
- ^ Mayo, Rao (2020 yil 2-iyul). "Ba'zi Minneapolis qora tanli rahbarlari shahar Kengashining politsiyani qoralashga qaratilgan harakatlariga qarshi chiqishmoqda". Star Tribune
- ^ Navratil, Liz; Otarola, Migel (2020 yil 5-avgust). "Minneapolis Xartiyasi komissiyasi munozarali bahsli politsiya taklifini noyabr oyidagi ovoz berishdan bloklaydi". Star Tribune. Olingan 6 avgust, 2020.
- ^ Xerndon, Astid U. (26 sentyabr, 2020). "Minneapolis politsiyasini tarqatib yuborish to'g'risidagi va'daning qanday qulashi". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Olingan 27-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Navratil, Liz (2020 yil 14-iyul). "Minneapolis shahar Kengashining 3 a'zosi uchun shaxsiy xavfsizlik uchun 152,400 dollar sarfladi". Star Tribune. Olingan 28-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Liz, Navratil; Otarola, Migel (2020 yil 3-iyul). "Minneapolis shahar kengashining xavfsizlik xarajatlari muhokama qilinmoqda va tekshirilmoqda". Star Tribune. Olingan 30-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Kollinz, Jon; Uilyams, Brandt. "'Mpls kabi yorliq yo'q. Shahar Kengashi politsiyani qayta ko'rib chiqmoqda ". MPR yangiliklari. Olingan 28-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ a b Soyer, Liz (2020 yil 2-dekabr). "'Minneapolis bo'ylab avtoulovlarni zo'ravonlik bilan talon-taroj qilish davom etmoqda ". Star Tribune. Olingan 3 dekabr, 2020.
- ^ a b v d Moini, Nina (2020 yil 14-avgust). "Sankt-Pol fuqarolik tartibsizliklaridan keyin harakatlarni qayta tiklamoqda". MPR yangiliklari.
- ^ a b Meitrodt, Jeffri (13 avgust 2020). "Minneapolis ruxsatnomalar evaziga soliq talab qilganda, xarobalar manzarasi saqlanib qolmoqda". Star Tribune. Qabul qilingan 13 avgust 2020.
- ^ a b Buchta, Jim (2020 yil 28-iyun). "'Biz bu sohaga qat'iy ishonamiz. ' Minneapolisdagi g'alayonda olti qavatli bino yonib ketganidan so'ng, ishlab chiqaruvchi qayta qurishga va'da berdi ". Star Tribune..
- ^ Meitrodt, Jeffri (13 avgust 2020). "Shahar g'alayonli Minneapolisni tiklashga to'sqinlik qilayotgan soliq talabini olib tashlaydi". Star Tribune. Qabul qilingan 13 avgust 2020.
- ^ a b Nelson, Emma (2 iyul 2020). "Qurilishdan tortib to o'tirgunga qadar Sankt-Pol universiteti prospektidagi mahallalar yanada kuchliroq qaytib kelishga umid qilmoqda". Star Tribune. 5-iyul, 2020-yilda qabul qilingan.
- ^ Penrod, Josh, Sinner, KJ Vebster va MaryJo (13 iyul 2020). "Minneapolisda, tartibsizliklar ortidan Sankt-Polda binolar buzilgan". Star Tribune. Qabul qilingan 15 iyul 2020 yil.
- ^ a b Pauell, Brandi; Skluzacek, Josh (2020 yil 11-noyabr). "Leyk ko'chasidagi maqsad - tartibsizlik paytida zarar ko'rgan - Minneapolisda qayta ochilgan". KSTP. Olingan 3 dekabr, 2020.
- ^ Meitrodt, Jeffri (6 iyun 2020). "To'polonlardan zarar ko'rgan Twin Cities korxonalari uchun qayta qurish xayr-ehson, hukumatga bosimdan boshlanadi". Star Tribune. Olingan 29 iyul 2020 yil.
- ^ Biershbax, Briana (3 iyul 2020). "Gubernator Tim Uolz tartibsizlik paytida zararni tiklash uchun federal yordam so'raydi". Star Tribune. 5-iyul, 2020-yilda qabul qilingan.
- ^ MPR Yangiliklar shtabi (2020 yil 11-iyul). "Federal hukumat Minnesota shtatining egizak shaharlarni tozalash va tiklash uchun yordam so'rab murojaatini rad etdi". MPR yangiliklari. Qabul qilingan 11 iyul 2020 yil
- ^ "Kovid va fuqarolik huquqlari harakatining saylovchilarni ro'yxatga olishga ta'siri". insights.targetsmart.com. TargetSmart Insights. 2020 yil 7-avgust. Olingan 27-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Shokman, Yelizaveta (2020 yil 21 oktyabr). "Minnesota shtatidagi rangli o'quvchilar irqiy tenglik uchun shahar atrofidagi maktablarni surishadi". Sahan jurnali. Olingan 30-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Smit, Kelli (2020 yil 4-noyabr). "MINNESOTA fondlari Jorj Floyd vafotidan keyin irqiy adolat bo'yicha ishlarni kuchaytirmoqda". Star Tribune. Olingan 30-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Kroman, Jon (1 oktyabr, 2020). "VERIFY: Attack reklamasi defunding belgisini o'tkazib yubormoqda". 11-KARE. Olingan 27-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Eligon, Jon (16-noyabr, 2020). "Trampning tartib va tartib tartibiga qaramay, Minneapolis atrofidagi shahar qanday qilib ko'k rangga aylandi". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Olingan 27-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Broadwater, Lyuk (2020 yil 4-noyabr). "Respublikachilar Kollin Petersonni Minnesota shtatidan haydab chiqarishdi". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Olingan 28-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Biershbax, Briana (16 sentyabr, 2020). "Minnesota shtatidagi Birinchi Kongress okrugi uchun pandemiya va shahar tartibsizliklari hukmronlik qilmoqda". Star Tribune. Olingan 28-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ "Minnesota uyidagi saylov natijalari 2020: jonli natijalar va so'rovnomalar". www.nbcnews.com. Olingan 28-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Van Oot, Tori (2020 yil 13 oktyabr). "Minnesota Senatining GOP hisobotida gubernator Tim Uolz, shahar meri Jeykob Frey, tartibsizlikning sustligi uchun javobgar". Star Tribune. Olingan 28-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Van Oot, Tori (2020 yil 5-noyabr). "Minnesota Qonunchilik palatasi ko'proq bo'linib ketgan hukumat yo'lida". Star Tribune. Olingan 28-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Spewak, Danny (2020 yil 19-avgust). "Gugoning noroziligidan so'ng Minnesota shtatining DFL nomzodi kechirim so'radi". 11-KARE. Olingan 28-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Gustavo, Sulaymon; Ginrixs, Erin (2020 yil 4-noyabr). "Birodar shaharlarning natijalari: Minneapolis byulleten savollarini berdi; Hennepin okrugiga yangi a'zolar saylandi". MinnPost. Olingan 27-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ "Minneapolis shahar kengashi prezidenti Liza Bender qayta saylanishni istamayapti". KSTP. 2020 yil 8-noyabr. Olingan 27-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Navratil, Liz; Uolsh, Pol (2020 yil 9-noyabr). "Minneapolis kengashi prezidenti Liza Bender qayta saylanishga intilmaydi". Star Tribune. Olingan 27-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Aguilera, Yasemin (2020 yil 30-may). "'Politsiya va irqchilik - bu sog'liqni saqlash muammolari. ' Minneapolis namoyishchilari COVID-19 bilan qanday kurashmoqda? ". Vaqt.
- ^ "E'tirozlar Minnesota shtatida viruslarning ko'payishiga olib kelishi mumkin, chunki o'limlar eng yuqori darajaga ko'tarildi". Star Tribune. Olingan 31 may, 2020.
- ^ Olsen, Jeremi (2020 yil 8-iyun). "Namoyishchilar uchun COVID-19 sinovlari Minnesota shtatidagi startap muammolarini ko'rib chiqmoqda". Star Tribune. Olingan 17 iyun, 2020.
- ^ Megan, Molteni (2020 yil 18-iyun). "Minnesota shtatining Covid-19 tarqalishiga qarshi noroziliklari nimani oshkor qilmoqda". Simli.
- ^ Jakobsen, Eremiyo (2020 yil 17-iyun). "Minneapolis shahar kengashi irqchilikni" sog'liqni saqlashni favqulodda holat deb e'lon qildi'". 11-KARE. Olingan 22 iyun, 2020.
- ^ Kalver, Iordaniya. "Racism is a declared public health issue in 145 cities and counties across 27 states. Now what happens?". AQSh BUGUN. Olingan 28-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Andrew Hazzard (August 25, 2020). "Why racism was declared a public health crisis". Southwest Journal. Olingan 28-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Condon, Patrick (June 11, 2020). "Gov. Tim Walz says he understands why Christopher Columbus statue was toppled, but there will be consequences". Star Tribune. Olingan 11 iyun, 2020.
- ^ Belkamino, Kristi (10 iyun 2020). "Namoyishchilar MINNESOTA Kapitoliy maydonidagi Kristofer Kolumb haykalini buzishdi". Pioneer Press. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2020 yil 13 iyunda. Olingan 15 iyun, 2020.
- ^ Neal III, La Velle E. (June 19, 2020). "Minnesota Twins remove statue of former owner Calvin Griffith from outside Target Field". Star Tribune.
- ^ "Minnesota Twins statement on removal of Calvin Griffith statue". Minnesota egizaklari. 2020 yil 19-iyun. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
- ^ Jany, Libor and Sawyer, Liz (27 June 2020). "Gun violence soars amid crises of health, public trust, officer reluctance". Star Tribune. Retrieved on 7 July 2020.
- ^ Jany, Libor (25 July 2020). "Minneapolis continues to contend with unprecedented gun violence amid policing debate". Star Tribune.
- ^ Hargarten, Jeff; Hyatt, Kim (September 10, 2020). "How Minneapolis policing changed during a historic summer of turmoil". Star Tribune.
- ^ Raiche, Ryan (October 26, 2020). "DEA: Dangerous amounts of addictive narcotics flooded streets following pharmacy looting this summer". KSTP. Olingan 27-noyabr, 2020.
- ^ Serres, Chris (June 13, 2020). "'Nowhere left to go': Minneapolis homeless forced out of a hotel face uncertain future". Star Tribune.
- ^ Haavik, Emily and Wigdahl, Heidi (7 July 2020). "Police investigating 3 sexual assaults at Powderhorn Park encampment". KARE-11. Retrieved on 7 July 2020.
- ^ Otárola, Miguel (22 July 2020). "Minneapolis Park Board clears one of the Powderhorn homeless encampments". Star Tribune. Qabul qilingan 23 iyul 2020 yil.
Qo'shimcha o'qish
Arrangement is chronological.
- A. Aizuramay, "A Mask and A Target Cart: Minneapolis Riots", Yangi so'rov, 30 may 2020 yil.
- L. Diavolo, "The Minneapolis Rebellion So Far, According to the People Living It", Teen Vogue, 1 iyun 2020 yil.
- N. Robinson, "In their own words: the protesters at the heart of America's uprising", Guardian, 6 iyun 2020 yil.
- L. Mogelson, "The Heart of the Uprising in Minneapolis", Nyu-Yorker, 15 June 2020.
- L. Navratil, A. Boone, and J. Shiffer, "The siege, evacuation and destruction of a Minneapolis police station", Star Tribune, 11 August 2020.
- "Six months after George Floyd’s death, what has changed in Minneapolis", PBS yangiliklar soati, 25 November 2020.
Tashqi havolalar
 | Vikimedia Commons-ga tegishli ommaviy axborot vositalari mavjud Jorj Floyd Minneapolis-Sent-Polda norozilik namoyishlarini o'tkazmoqda. |
| Vikimedia Commons-ga tegishli ommaviy axborot vositalari mavjud Category:George Floyd protests in Minnesota. |