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Kent Hovind

Kent Xovind
Xovind, taxminan 2002 yil
Xovind v. 2002
Tug'ilgan (1953-01-15) 1953 yil 15-yanvar (67 yosh)
MillatiAmerika
Ma'lumAdvokat Yosh Yer kreatsionizmi

Kent E. Xovind (1953 yil 15-yanvarda tug'ilgan) - amerikalik Xristian fundamentalist xushxabarchi va soliq namoyishi. U munozarali shaxs Yosh Yer yaratuvchisi vazirligi e'tiborini qaratadigan harakat rad etish biologiya sohasidagi ilmiy nazariyalar (evolyutsiya), geofizikava kosmologiya foydasiga a so'zma-so'z ning talqini Ibtido yaratish haqida hikoya topilgan Injil. Elementlarini birlashtirgan Xovindning qarashlari yaratish ilmi va fitna nazariyasi, ilmiy jamoatchilik tomonidan rad etilgan chekka nazariya va soxta stipendiya. U Young Earth Creationist harakati ichida munozarali va Ibtido kitobidagi javoblar uni harakatda boshqalar tomonidan tashlab qo'yilgan obro'siz tortishuvlardan doimiy ravishda foydalanishi uchun uni ochiq tanqid qildi.

Xovind 1989 yilda yaratilish ilmi evangelizmini (CSE) va 2001 yilda dinozavrlar sarguzashtlari maydonini yaratdi Pensakola, Florida. U tez-tez maktablarda, cherkovlarda, munozaralarda va radio va televidenie dasturlarida "Yosh Yer" kreatsionizmi to'g'risida nutq so'zlagan. Uning o'g'li Erik Xovind 2007 yil yanvarida soliqlarni to'lamaganligi, federal agentlarga to'sqinlik qilganligi va federal sudlanganligi uchun Xovind o'n yillik qamoq jazosini o'tay boshlagach, CSE-ni boshqarishni boshladi. tuzilish naqd operatsiyalar.

Biografiya

16 yoshida Xovind a qayta tug'ilgan nasroniy[1][o'lik havola] ichida Mustaqil fundamental baptist cherkov.[2] U 1973 yilda rafiqasi Jo bilan turmush qurgan va ular 1977 yildan 1979 yilgacha uchta farzand ko'rishgan. 1975 yildan 1988 yilgacha Xovind uchta ruhoniyda yordamchi ruhoniy va o'qituvchi bo'lib ishlagan. baptistlarning xususiy maktablari, shu jumladan u boshlagan.[1] 1989 yilda oila Florida shtatidagi Pensakola shahriga ko'chib o'tdi, u erda Jo ishtirok etdi Pensakola xristian kolleji va musiqa bakalavriat va musiqa va muqaddas musiqa bo'yicha magistr darajalariga ega bo'ldi.[3][4]

1989 yilda Xovind Ilmiy Evangelizmni yaratishni boshladi. 1998 yilda u o'zini yaratdi Doktor Dino veb-saytiga kirib, maqolalar ishlab chiqarishni va video lentalar, kitoblar va fotoalbom nusxalarini sotishni boshladi.[3] Qamoqqa olinishidan oldin, Xovind ko'plab so'zlashuvlarda qatnashgan (2004 yilda 700 ga yaqin)[5]) har yili cherkovlarda, xususiy maktablarda va boshqa joylarda, har kuni Internet-radio tok-shousini o'tkazish va tashkil etishdan tashqari Dinosaur Adventure Land Pensakola, Florida. 1999 yilda uning o'g'li Erik Xovind o'zining argumentlari va seminarlarini taqdim etish uchun sayohat qilishni boshladi.[6][7] Kent va Jo 2016 yilda ajrashgan.[8]

Ta'lim

Patriot universiteti

1971 yilda u bitirgan Sharqiy Peoriya jamoat litseyi yilda East Peoria, Illinoys. U kirdi akkreditatsiyadan o'tgan Illinoys markaziy kolleji, keyin akkreditatsiyasiz o'tkaziladi O'rta g'arbiy baptistlar kolleji 1972 yilda, a Bakalavr 1974 yilda diniy ta'lim.[1] 1988 va 1991 yillarda Xovind nasroniy ta'limida magistr va doktorlik darajalariga ega bo'ldi yozishmalar dan (shuningdek, akkreditatsiya qilinmagan) Patriot universiteti yilda Kolorado Springs, Kolorado.[1-qayd][9][10] Patriot universiteti a diplom tegirmoni.[11][12]

"Doktor Dino" deb nomlangan veb-saytga ega bo'lish ba'zi akademiklarni Xovind o'z ma'lumoti va ishonch yorlig'ini qanday taqdim etayotganiga diqqat bilan qarashga undadi. Uning ma'lum bo'lgan barcha darajalari akkreditatsiyadan o'tmagan muassasalardan olingan va u hech qanday ma'lumotga ega emas paleontologiya.[13] Barbara Forrest, falsafa professori, kreatsionizm tarixi bo'yicha mutaxassis va yaratish-evolyutsiya qarama-qarshiliklari, Xovindning etishmasligi akademik munozarani imkonsiz qiladi deb yozgan[10] va uning tarixiy va ilmiy tadqiqotlarni tushunishi kamligini aytdi.[11] Karen Bartelt, Xovindni munozara qilgan organik kimyo professori,[10] Xovindnikini ko'rib chiqdi dissertatsiya va uni to'liq emas deb topdi,[2-qayd] ko'plab imlo xatolarini, kamchiliklarni o'z ichiga oladi ma'lumotnomalar, noto'g'ri nuqtai nazarni namoyish etadi va u hech qanday asl tadqiqotni taqdim etmasligini ta'kidlaydi.[13][14][15]

Yaratish Ilmiy xushxabarchilik va bugungi kunda yaratilish

Xovind 1989 yilda xushxabar tarqatish va ta'lim berish uchun "Science Evangelism" ni yaratdi kreatsionizm.[3] 1999 yil may oyida uning o'g'li Erik ma'ruzachi sifatida Creation Science Evangelism-ga qo'shildi va qizi Marlissa Xovindning kotibi bo'lishga tayyorlana boshladi.[7] O'sha yili CSE birlashdi Faith Baptist Fellowship ning Hawthorne, Florida, 2002 yilgacha davom etgan munosabatlarni boshlash. 2003 yilda Glenn Stoll (targ'ibotchisi soliqlardan qochish sxemalari), Xovind 13 may kuni "sof ishonchning birlashtirilmagan birlashmasi" dan boshlangan bir qator tashkilotlarni tashkil etdi, uning ostida korporatsiya tagligi va 23 maydan boshlab bir nechta vazirlik trestlari tashkil etildi. CSE mulklari tadbirkorlik litsenziyalari asosida faoliyat yuritadigan trestlarga etkazildi "Osmon Shohligi".[16] Xovind Baptistlar uchun ro'yxatdan o'tmagan do'stlik (UBF), fuqarolik hukumatlariga "xristian qarshilik ilohiyoti" ni birlashtirgan 100 ga yaqin cherkovlardan iborat. UBF buni cherkov ustidan hukumat hokimiyatining tan olinishi deb bilganligi sababli, ular juda qulay bo'lganlarni rad etishmoqda 501 (c) 3 maqomi, bu xayr-ehson soliqlarini kamaytiradi va ularni daromad solig'idan ozod qiladi, ammo FICA soliqlari yoki xodimlarning daromad solig'ini ushlab qolmaydi.[17][18] UBF hukumat hokimiyati "cherkov ostonasida" to'xtaydi,[18][19] va Xovind o'z vazirligining maqomini shu bilan taqqosladi Vatikan shahri Shtat.[20] Federal hukumat a qidiruv orderi 2004 yilda, an Ichki daromad xizmati (IRS) jinoiy tergovchisi qasamyod qilgan bayonot tashkilotning tadbirkorlik litsenziyasi bo'lmaganligi va soliqdan ozod qilingan maqomi bo'lmaganligi.[21]

Xovind 2006 yil noyabr oyida 58 ta og'ir jinoyat uchun aybdor deb topilgan[22] va 2007 yil yanvar oyida o'n yilga ozodlikdan mahrum qilingan; Erik Xovind Ilmiy Xushxabarchilikni yaratdi.[23] 2007 yil iyul oyida God Quest Inc. kiritilgan Erik Xovind prezident sifatida,[24] va o'sha noyabr oyida God Quest Inc. Florida shtatida biznesni amalga oshirish uchun ariza topshirdi savdo nomi Ilmiy xushxabarchilikni yaratish.[25] 2008 yil iyun oyida Erik CSE veb-saytida CSE blogini qo'shishini va Hovind va CSE haqida "faqat ijobiy sharhlar" berishga imkon beradigan formatni o'zgartirishini e'lon qildi,[26] va 2011 yil oxirida "Science Evangelism" ning yaratilishi DrDino.com veb-sayt yo'naltirildi CreationToday.org.[27] Yangi veb-sayt "Creation Today - bu God Quest, Inc kompaniyasining xizmati" deb e'lon qildi. "yaratilish, uzr so'rash va xushxabarchilik" ga e'tibor qaratgan holda.[28]

Dinosaur Adventure Land

Parkga kirish

2001 yilda Xovind Erni yaratuvchi yosh Dinozavrlar sarguzashtlari erini boshladi mavzu parki Hovindning Pensakoladagi uyi orqasida joylashgan.[29] "Dinozavrlar va Injil uchrashadigan joyda!" Shiori ostida ushbu inshoot taxminan etti gektar maydonda joylashgan[30] yopiq "Ilmiy markaz" va tashqi dinozavrlar mavzusidagi turli xil sayohatlar va mashg'ulotlarga ega bo'lgan tashqi makon mavjud edi, ularning har biri ba'zi diniy xabarlarga bog'langan edi. Masalan, "Jumpasaurus" basketbol halqasi yonidagi batut edi; bolalarga imkon qadar ko'proq savat tayyorlash uchun bir daqiqa vaqt kerak edi va bu xabar Iso uchun ko'proq narsani qilish uchun kelishilgan bo'lishi kerak edi. Yillik tashrif 38,000 edi.[5][29] Bog'da so'nggi 4000-6000 yillarda birgalikda mavjud bo'lgan odamlar va dinozavrlar tasvirlangan va shuningdek, Loch Ness Monster.[31] The Janubiy qashshoqlik bo'yicha huquq markazi bog 'shuningdek, "sayyorada hali ham bir nechta kichik dinozavrlar yurib yurishini da'vo qilmoqda".[32] 2004 yil Skeptik so'rovchi Maqolada Xovindning dinozavrlar parkiga tashrif muhokama qilingan va park "ko'p darajalarda aldamchi" degan xulosaga kelgan.[29] Yilda Hisobotlari Ilmiy ta'lim bo'yicha milliy markaz, Jorj Allan Alderman uni "asosan bir nechta eksponatlar, bir nechta shisha tolali dinozavrlar, toqqa chiqishga mo'ljallangan devor va bir nechta binolar bo'lgan o'yin maydonchasi" deb ta'riflagan. U buni "shabby" deb qisqacha bayon qildi.[33]

Egalari a ni olmaganlarida, korxona qonuniy muammolarga duch keldi qurilish uchun ruxsatnoma 2002 yilda (pastga qarang). 2006 yil aprel oyida Eskambiya okrugi rasmiylari ushbu binoni yopib qo'yishdi.[34] 2009 yil iyul oyida sudlar Hovindning jinoiy jazosini qondirish uchun mulkni hibsga olish va sotish to'g'risida qaror chiqardi (pastga qarang).[35] Florida vazirligining yana bir mavzu parki Muqaddas er tajribasi, 2006 yilda "Muqaddas Kitob qo'lyozmalarini namoyish qilish, tasvirlash va talqin qilish uchun foydalanilgan" bog'lar uchun mol-mulk solig'idan ozod qilish to'g'risidagi qonunni muvaffaqiyatli qabul qildi; Emas edi Dinosaur Adventure Land, bu emas edi 501 (c) (3) tashkilot, qonunni kiritish uchun kengaytirilmadi.[36][37] Erik Xovind parkni va CSEni 2008 yil davomida ishlagan,[20] ammo 2009 yil iyulda sudya hukumatni hibsga olishga ruxsat berdi.[38] 2009 yil avgust oyida Dinosaur Adventure Land veb-sayti yopilganligini e'lon qildi,[39] va CSE 2010 yil noyabr oyida "Yaratilish do'koni" sifatida qayta ochilishini e'lon qildi.[40]

2016 yil aprel oyida Xovind yangi dinozavrlar sarguzashtlari uchun rejalarni muhokama qildi, unda 80 fut balandlikdagi shtatdagi eng yirik dinozavr modelini o'z ichiga olgan va komissarlar bilan Konecuh okrugi, Alabama.[41] Bir tarafdor 140 gektar er uchastkasini sovg'a qildi Lenoks, Alabama, avvalgi shag'al chuqur.[42] Ko'ngillilar 2016 yil iyun oyiga qadar ish boshladilar,[43] va u 2018 yil aprel oyida ochilgan. 2018 yil sentyabr holatiga ko'ra, tashrif 1000 nafardan oshdi. Dinosaur Adventure Land yangi 501 (c) (3) tashkiloti, Creation Science Evangelism Ministries Inc tomonidan boshqariladi, uning daromad manbalari xayr-ehsonlar, kitob va DVD savdosi va YouTube reklama. Kirish uchun to'lov olinmaydi va u javobgarlikni sug'urta qilmasdan ishlaydi. Imkoniyatlarga fan markazi, lager, to'rt g'ildirakli park va cherkov xizmatlari, shu jumladan suvga cho'mish kiradi.[42]

2020 yil 15 mart kuni etti yoshli bola parkda cho'kib ketdi.[44]

Kreatsionizm

Xovind nazariyasi

Xovind versiyasini taqdim etdi yosh Yer kreatsionizmi u ma'ruzalarda va kitobda "Xovind nazariyasi" deb nomlanadi Evolyutsiyaning soxta dinini ochish.[45][46] Xovind nazariyasi ilmiy jamoatchilikda butunlay rad etilgan va uning ishonuvchanligi boshqa yosh kreatsionistlar tomonidan tanqid qilingan.[47][48]

Xovindning "nazariyasida" dinozavrlar va odamlar birga yashagan va Tyrannosaurus rex ga qadar vegetarian edi odamning qulashi.[30][49] Xovind 20-asrning boshlarida kengayadi bug 'soyaboni Yerni nisbiy jannatga aylantirgan himoya qalqoni tushunchasi jannatdan haydash va Nuh toshqini.[50] To'fon funktsiyasi sifatida ifodalanadi tabiiy dan ko'ra mo''jizaviy jarayonlar.[51] Nuhoilasi va har ikkitadan mehribon hayvon[52] (shu jumladan, dinozavrlar, ular go'daklarni kemaga olib chiqishganligi va sharoitlar kattaroq odamlarga imkon berganligi sababli mos keladi, kemaning o'lchamini tirsak, kattaroq[53]) o'tirdi Nuh kemasi muzdan oldin meteor Yerga ta'sir qildi. Meteorning parchalari paydo bo'ldi sayyora uzuklari va ta'sir kraterlari oy va boshqa quyosh tizimi jismlarida.[54] Qolgan qismi Shimoliy va Janubiy qutblarga tortilgan Yerning magnit maydoni kataklizmik qor yog'dirgan mamontlar tik turib.[46][54] Ustunlardagi muz yorilib ketdi Yer qobig'i, ozod qilish "chuqur favvoralar". Xovindning so'zlariga ko'ra, bu voqealar sabab bo'lgan muzlik davriva Yerni tebratdi, uni himoya qiladigan bug 'soyaboni qulab tushdi.[55]

Keyingi bir necha oy ichida toshqin, o'lik hayvonlar va o'simliklar dafn qilindi va bo'ldi moy, ko'mirva qoldiqlar.[56] To'fonning so'nggi oylari geologik beqarorlikni o'z ichiga olgan, qachonki plitalar siljiydi, shakllanadi okean havzalari va tog 'tizmalari. The Katta Kanyon shu vaqt ichida bir necha hafta ichida shakllangan.[49]

Kreativistlarning tanqidlari

Yaratilish fanining mohiyati ustida harakatlanishda kamdan-kam uchraydigan ochiq fikrda,[57] Ibtido kitobidagi javoblar (AiG) 2002 yildagi lavozim maqolasini nashr etdi: "Biz kreatsionistlar foydalanmasliklari kerak deb o'ylaymiz".[58] Xovind birma-bir inkor qilganidan so'ng,[59] Karl Viland, Ken Xemva Jonathan Sarfati AiG-ning yozishicha, Xovind tomonidan qilingan da'volar "qalloblik" va "kreatsionistga hech qanday foyda keltirmaydigan faktlar va mantiqdagi xatolar" mavjud.[5][48][58] Xususan, AiG Xovindni "obro'sizlangan yoki yolg'on dalillarni keltirib chiqarayotganimiz uchun" hamda "firibgar da'volari" uchun tanqid qildi. Ron Vayt,[48] va Xovindning da'volaridan birini "o'zini rad etish" deb ta'riflagan.[60] Achchiq kelishmovchiliklar natijasida AiG 2005 yilda AQSh va Avstraliya boblariga bo'lindi. Avstraliyaning filiali qayta nomlandi Yaratilish vazirliklari xalqaro (CMI) o'z veb-saytida Hovindni tanqid qiluvchi tarkibni saqlab qoldi, AQSh filiali esa boshchiligida Ken Xem, uni olib tashladi.[61] 2009 yilda CMI ularning pozitsiyasini yumshatganligini aytdi, chunki CSE yangilangan veb-sayti Xovindning ba'zi e'tirozlarini rad etdi.[48]

Greg Neyman, Old Earth Ministries veb-saytini boshqaradigan eski-Earth kreatsionisti[62] (nomi o'zgartirildi Yaratilishdagi javoblar), Xovindning odamlar va dinozavrlar birga yashashi haqidagi maqolalarini dalillar bilan qo'llab-quvvatlamasligini va "umuman olganda, er yaratadigan ilmiy jamoatchilikni sharmanda qilishini" yozadi.[63][64]

Uchun Pravoslav yahudiy kreatsionist, Xovindning yondashuvi .ni qat'iy tom ma'noda o'qishga asoslanadi King James tarjimasi. Yahudiylar ibroniycha talqin qiladigan joy Talmud va Midrash, Hovind ingliz tilini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri o'qishga tayanadi. Masalan, Xovind bu so'zni da'vo qilmoqda dinozavr1841 yilda ingliz tiliga kiritilgan, ilgari nima deb nomlanganligini anglatadi ajdar. Ajdaho qaerda ishlatiladi tanin (Ibroniycha: Midiya) Paydo bo'ladi, lekin bu degani ilon yoki timsoh.[31]

Evolyutsiyaga qarshi da'volar

Xovind bunga qarshi chiqadi Darvinizm ishlab chiqarilgan "Kommunizm, Sotsializm, Natsizm, abort, liberalizm va Yangi asr harakati".[65][66] U majburlanganlarni aybladi Cherokee evolyutsiyaga bo'lgan ishonch asosida ko'chirish, ammo Ko'z yoshlar izi oldin Turlarning kelib chiqishi taxminan yigirma yil ichida.[10][11] Xovind biologiya darsliklari yoshlarning miyasini yuvish uchun yolg'on degan fikrda.[67][68] U: "Shayton bolalarni do'zaxga tushirish uchun evolyutsiya nazariyasidan foydalanmoqda" dedi.[69] Xovind maktablardan evolyutsiyani yo'q qilishga urinmayotganini da'vo qilmoqda,[67] ammo "maktablar ikkala qarashni ham o'rgatishlari kerak" deydi.[69] Xovind "yo'qolgan havolani" soxtalashtirish uchun o'tish davri qoldiqlari qo'llab quvvatlamoq inson evolyutsiyasi, Smitson instituti uning podvalida 33000 ta inson qoldiqlari bor, ba'zilari tiriklayin olib ketilgan (qotillik).[10][49] So'zga chiqishdan oldin bergan intervyusida Kent davlat universiteti, Xovind: "Siz bu erda Kent shtatida yana bir isyon ko'tarib, buni to'g'ri sabab bilan qilishingiz kerak" dedi, sababi evolyutsiyaga qarshi chiqmoqda va Kent shtatidagi otishmalar u qo'shib qo'yganida: "Bu safar, otib tashlamang".[66]

In psevdologiya ning kriptozologiya, Xovind nashr etdi va hammualliflik qildi Tirnoqlar, jag'lar va dinozavrlar bilan Uilyam Gibbons, qidirgan yana bir kreatsionist Kongodagi dinozavrlar kashf etish a kriptid evolyutsion nazariyani qandaydir tarzda buzadi va dinozavrlar ajdaho.[13] Dinozavrlar sarguzashtlari mamlakati borligi to'g'risida namoyishlarga ega edi Loch Ness Monster[54] va Beowulf afsonadan ko'ra tarix sifatida.[29]

Bahslar

O'zining hukmiga qadar Xovind samarali bahs yuritgan. Xovind qarshi kampaniya olib borarkan evolyutsiya, evolyutsiyani qo'llab-quvvatlash darajasi ichida mohiyatan universaldir ilmiy hamjamiyat va akademiya;[70] umuman olimlar orasida kreatsionizmni qo'llab-quvvatlash juda kam, tegishli sohalarda esa deyarli yo'q: biologiya, paleontologiya, geologiya, va boshqalar.[71][72] C. A. Chinn va L. A. Baklend uning yosh Yer Kreatatorlari orasida keng tarqalgan munozara uslubini quyidagicha tasniflaydilar eristik: dalillarni sinchkovlik bilan o'rganish orqali yoritishga emas, balki ritorika bilan g'alaba qozonishga qaratilgan.[73]

1993 yilda Xovind taniqli evolyutsion biolog haqida bahslashishini e'lon qildi, Stiven Jey Guld, munozarali kreasyonistlarga uzoq vaqtdan beri qarshi bo'lgan va ko'plab muammolarni rad etgan. E'lon haqida bog'lanishganda, Guld Xovind haqida hech qachon eshitmaganligini, munozaraga rozi bo'lganligini aytdi.[74]

2004 yil may oyida, Maykl Shermer asosan Xovind oldida bahslashdi kreatsionist tomoshabinlar. Shermer bu almashinuvni "intellektual mashqlar emas", aksincha "hissiy dramatizm" deb da'vo qildi va shunday xulosaga keldi: "Agar adolatli format bilan haqiqatan ham munozarali mavzu bo'lmasa, muvozanatli forumda, u faqat xizmat qiladi ilm-fan magisteriyasini ham, din magisteriyasini ham kamsitish ".[75] Massimo Pigliuchchi Xovind haqida ham bahslashdi va Xovindning evolyutsion nazariyani bilmasligiga hayrat bildirdi. Pigliuchchi Xovindning "tomoshabinlarni evolyutsionistlar odamlarning toshlardan kelib chiqqanligiga ishonishlariga" ishontirganini va keyinchalik "bananlardan rivojlanganligini" esladi.[76] Uilyam Revil, Mikroskopiya bo'yicha direktor Cork universiteti kolleji, Xovindning g'oyalari oqilona yoki ilmiy emas, chunki ularni sinab ko'rish mumkin emas.[77] Xovind yozma munozaralar bo'yicha takliflarni bir necha bor rad etdi, bu erda uning da'volari olimlar tomonidan ko'rib chiqilishi kerak edi, shu jumladan uning debat taklifidan voz kechish. Deyv Tomas.[78]

Bilan munozara paytida Farrel Till, Xovind shunday dedi Donald Yoxanson ning oyoq suyaklarini ochib bergan edi Lyusi xabar qilingan saytdan bir chaqirim narida joylashgan boshqa joyda, chuqurroq qatlam, kinoya qilib: "Men shempanzeni urgan poezdning tezligi qanday bo'lganligini bilmoqchiman".[79] Bu Yoxansonning e'lon qilingan bayonotlariga zid edi. 1993 yilda Xovindga uning bayonoti yolg'on ekanligi to'g'risida xabar berilgandan so'ng, u da'vo arizasidan foydalanishni to'xtatishga rozi bo'ldi. 1995 yilda da'voni takrorlaganida, u yana bir bor xato qilganiga rozi bo'ldi.[80]

$ 250,000 taklif

1990 yilda Xovind evolyutsiyani isbotlaydi degan bir qator talablarga javob beradigan har bir kishiga 10000 dollar taklif qildi va keyinchalik u bu summani 250 000 AQSh dollarigacha ko'tardi.[81] 2007 yilda Creation Science Evangelism ushbu taklifni o'z veb-saytidan olib tashladi.[82]

Men evolyutsiyaga oid har qanday ampirik dalillarni (ilmiy dalillarni) keltira oladigan har bir kishiga 250 000 AQSh dollari miqdorida doimiy taklifim bor. * Mening 250 000 dollar evolyutsiya gipotezasi diniy e'tiqoddan boshqa narsa emasligini ko'rsatmoqda.[81]

...

* Izoh: evolyutsiya so'zini ishlatganda, men hayotning barcha shakllarida mavjud bo'lgan kichik o'zgarishlarni nazarda tutmayapman (mikroevolyutsiya). Men ushbu beshta asosiy voqea Xudosiz sodir bo'lgan deb hisoblaydigan umumiy evolyutsiya nazariyasini nazarda tutayapman:

1. Vaqt, makon va materiya o'z-o'zidan paydo bo'ldi.

2. Kosmik changdan hosil bo'lgan sayyoralar va yulduzlar.

3. Materiya hayotni o'z-o'zidan yaratdi.

4. O'zlarini ko'paytirishni o'rgangan dastlabki hayot shakllari.

5. Ushbu xilma-xil hayot shakllari o'rtasida katta o'zgarishlar yuz berdi (ya'ni, baliqlar amfibiyalarga, amfibiyalar sudralib yuruvchilarga, sudralib yuruvchilar qushlar yoki sutemizuvchilarga aylandi).

Xovindning taklifi asoslari olimlar tomonidan ham, boshqa ijodkorlar tomonidan ham asosli ravishda rad etilgan.[48][83] Xovindning shartlari da'vogardan nafaqat evolyutsiya nazariyasini, balki uni isbotlashni ham talab qiladi abiogenez, astrofizika va kosmologiyava qo'shimcha ravishda hech qanday xudolar mavjud bo'lmasligini isbotlash.[83] Sudyalar xolis yoki da'vo arizalarining asosliligini baholash huquqiga ega bo'lishlariga kafolat bermasdan qo'lda tanlab olinishi mumkin edi va ehtimol da'vo arizasi berilganda sud majlisi chaqirilmagan bo'lishi mumkin. Sudlashdan oldin dalillarning ayrim shakllari chiqarib tashlanadi.[84]

Ibtido kitobidagi javoblar bu muammoni hiyla-nayrang sifatida rad etdi.[49]:172–3 2005 yilgi muammo Boing Boing ekanligini isbotlaydigan har bir kishiga 250 000 dollar taklif qildi Spagetti Monster (evolyutsiya haqidagi muqobil qarashlarga vaqt ajratish to'g'risida gapirish uchun qurilgan parodiya dinining xudosi) Isoning otasi emas edi.[85]

Siyosiy faoliyat

1999 yilda, a Bredenton, Florida ruhoniy maktab dasturidan kreatsionizmni o'quv dasturiga qo'shishni o'ylashni iltimos qildi. Maktab kengashi raisining xatti-harakatlari, fuqaro sifatida, Xovind tomonidan bir qator seminarlarni moliyalashtirishga yordam berganida, lekin u axloqiy ko'rsatmalarga muvofiq bo'lganida muammolarni keltirib chiqardi. Maktab xodimi ma'ruzalarni videotasvirga olish uchun yuborilganida, yana bir necha bor tortishuvlarga sabab bo'ldi, garchi qayta translyatsiya qilish niyatisiz.[86] Oxir oqibat, o'quv dasturida hech qanday o'zgarish bo'lmadi.[87]

Xovind bilan aloqadorligi uchun tanqid qilindi Arkanzas shtati vakili Jim XoltEvolyutsiyaga qarshi 2001 yilgi qonun loyihasi (2548-sonli qonun loyihasi).[88][89] Ushbu qonun loyihasi "davlat maktablari evolyutsiyani nazarda tutganda uni isbotlanmagan nazariya deb aniqlashni talab qilishi kerak edi." Qonun loyihasining muxoliflari, Arkanzas shtatining muvozanatli munosabati to'g'risidagi qonuni bekor qilinganda sodir bo'lgan masxaralashning xuddi shu turiga duchor bo'lishidan xavotirda edilar. Maklin va Arkanzas.[90] Xolt Xovindni "davlat idoralari va hukumat masalalari qo'mitasi oldida Xoltga guvohlik bergan, bizning fanimiz darsliklarida evolyutsiyaga oid ma'lumotlarning aksariyati yolg'on ekanligini da'vo qilgan" mutaxassis sifatida chaqirdi.[88]

2007 yilda, Devid Vitter $ 100,000 qo'shdi nishon a AQSh Senati yo'naltirilgan mablag'lar to'g'risidagi qonun loyihasi Luiziana oilaviy forumi "ilm-fan bo'yicha yaxshiroq ta'limni targ'ib qilish rejasini ishlab chiqish". Ularning veb-saytida hujjat bor edi, "Kent Hovindning "Jang rejasi - evolyutsiyaga qarshi kurashning amaliy qadamlari" .Muxbirning so'rovlaridan so'ng, hujjat evolyutsiyani "zararsiz nazariya emas, balki xavfli diniy e'tiqod" deb atagan va uni shafqatsizlikda ayblagan. Adolf Gitler, Jozef Stalinva Pol Pot, veb-saytidan olib tashlandi. Maqsad qonun loyihasidan olib qo'yildi.[91][92]

Chick traktatlar

Eng keng tarqalgan evolyutsiyaga qarshi ish, Katta dada?,[93] birinchi marta 1972 yilda nashr etilgan[3-qayd][94] va bir necha marta qayta ko'rib chiqilgan; bu bahsli narsalardan biridir Chick traktatlar, odamlarni konvertatsiya qilishga qaratilgan kulgili chiziqlar fundamentalist nasroniylik.[95] Hovind materiallari 2000 yilgi tahrirga kiritilgan.[94][96][97]

Siyosat va fitnalar

Xovind fitnalar, ilm-fan, ijod, teng huquqlar, din va hukumat to'g'risida munozarali so'zlarni aytdi. Uning kreatsionizm va evolyutsiya haqidagi taqdimotlari aralashgan Xristian fundamentalizmi va fitna nazariyalari.[75] Uning kreatsionist taqdimotlari buni tasdiqladi kreatsionizm a tufayli davlat maktablarida o'qitilmaydi Yangi dunyo tartibidagi fitnatomonidan tashkil etilgan Shayton va o'z ichiga olgan Ted Tyorner va Jeyn Fonda, Britaniya qirollik oilasi, Isroil davlati, Amerika fuqarolik erkinliklari ittifoqi (u buni "Amerika kommunistik yuristlar ittifoqi" deb ataydi), AQSh hukumat amaldorlari, korxona rahbarlari va ijtimoiy faollar. 1999 yil may oyida u "NWO ning dunyodagi hukmronlik rejasini amalga oshirish 2000 yil 5 mayda amalga oshirilganligini" da'vo qildi.[14][98]

Xovind AQSh hukumati haqida bir nechta fitna nazariyalariga ega. Unda bor ortida AQSh hukumati turganligini da'vo qildi The 11 sentyabr hujumlari[91] va Oklaxoma shahridagi portlash.[49] Kelsak NUJ, Xovind "ba'zi NUJlar AQSh hukumatining reaktiv harakatlanishdan farqli o'laroq, elektrogravitatsion qo'zg'alish bo'yicha eksperimentlari, boshqalari esa shaytoniy tasavvurlar" deb hisoblaydigan fitna nazariyotchilarining kitoblarini tavsiya qiladi.[99][100] The Janubiy qashshoqlik bo'yicha huquq markazi (SPLC) Hovindni izdoshlarini kitoblariga murojaat qilgani uchun tanqid qildi Irvin Shiff,[32] a soliq namoyishi bir necha marta soliq to'lashdan bo'yin tovlaganlikda ayblanib sudlangan.[101] SPLC Xovindni "izdoshlarini ko'rsatayotgani" uchun tanqid qildi Fuqarolar tomonidan boshqariladigan kitoborasida mashhur hukumatga qarshi "Vatanparvarlar"va to Media chetlab o'tish, hukumatga qarshi jurnal kuchli antisemitik suyanish ",[32] kabi kitoblarni sotish uchun Des Griffin"s Boylarning to'rtinchi reyxi va Piter Kershovnikidir Qaysarning qo'lidava tavsiya Sion oqsoqollarining bayonnomalari, taniqli antisemitik yolg'on.[65]

Xovindning ta'kidlashicha siyanid- bo'shatuvchi birikma laetril bu "saraton davolash "AQSh hukumati bostirish uchun fitna uyushtirmoqda[29][102] va shu jumladan kasalliklar OIV, Fors ko'rfazidagi urush sindromi, Kron kolitiva romatoid artrit va Altsgeymer global iqtisodiy hukmronlik qilish maqsadida "dunyoning pul ustalari va hukumatlari" tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan.[91][103] U qoraladi demokratiya "yovuzlik va Xudoning qonunlariga zid" deb,[65] va chaqirdi Global isish kommunistik fitna.[100]

O'z ma'ruzalarida u Qo'shma Shtatlar hukumati implantatsiya qilmoqda deb da'vo qildi uy hayvonlarini kuzatadigan mikrochiplar ularni sun'iy yo'ldosh orqali kuzatishga imkon beradigan odamlarga,[104] transponder oralig'i buni imkonsiz qilganiga qaramay.[105] Xovind o'z veb-saytida UPC shtrix-kodi bilan Hayvonning belgisiva 1999 yilda odamlar qo'llarini skanerlash orqali oziq-ovqat mahsulotlariga pul to'lashlari haqida xabarlar borligini yozgan.[10][65][106]

YouTube mualliflik huquqi bo'yicha tortishuv

Kent Hovind / Creation Science Evangelism mualliflik siyosati 2007 yil sentyabrgacha

2007 yil 16 sentyabrda Ratsional javob guruhi Ilmiy Xushxabarchilikni soxta hujjat deb e'lon qilganidan shikoyat qildi DMCA RRS sabab bo'lgan so'rovlar YouTube videolarni olib tashlash va YouTube-ning RRS hisobini taqiqlash.[107] Mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi da'volarga javoban, RRS sudga tahdid qildi.[108][109]

Shikoyatlar paytida CSE veb-saytida videofilmlar mualliflik huquqiga ega emasligi ko'rsatilgan va CSE ularni nusxalash va tarqatishni rag'batlantirgan.[107] Besh kundan so'ng, CSE mualliflik huquqi sahifasi o'zgartirildi, chunki nusxa ko'chirilgan materiallar tahrirsiz qoldirilishi kerak edi.[110] Vakili ko'ra Elektron chegara fondi, CSE da'vosi "aniq soxta" edi,[111] va 2007 yil 25 sentyabrdan boshlab Rational Response Squad hisobi tiklandi va ba'zi videolar onlayn ravishda qayta joylashtirildi.[111]

Huquqiy muammolar

Esambiya okrugi (2002–2006)

2002 yil 15 avgustda Xovind CSE kotibi bilan bo'lgan voqeada hujum, akkumulyator va o'g'rilik uchun hibsga olingan. Dekabr oyida ayblovlar bekor qilingan.[29][49][112]

2002 yil 13 sentyabrda Xovind dinozavr sarguzashtlari uchun tumanni rayonlashtirish qoidalariga rioya qilmaganlikda ayblandi. jinoyat.[29] 2006 yil aprel oyida okrug rasmiylari tomonidan Dinosaur Adventure Land binolari yopildi va Florida tuman sudi binolarni ishlatgan har bir kun uchun 500 dollar miqdorida jarima solishni buyurib, egalarini nafrat bilan topdi.[34] Xovind binoning o'ziga xos xususiyati tufayli unga ruxsatnoma kerak emasligini ta'kidladi, ammo 50 dollarlik qurilish huquqi uchun 5 yillik sud muhokamasidan so'ng, 2006 yil 5 iyunda Xovind iltimos qildi. nolo contendere uch narsaga: aybsiz bino qurish, iqtibosni imzolashdan bosh tortish,[113] va tuman qurilish qoidalarini buzgan.[34][114] Xovind 675 dollar miqdorida jarima to'lagan.[113][114]

Federal fuqarolik solig'i masalalari, bankrotlik va fuqarolikdan chiqish (1996-2006)

Xovind dastlab Ichki daromad xizmatiga xabar bergan Pensakola xristian kolleji 1990-yillarning o'rtalarida katta vitse-prezident Rebeka Xorton, Xovindning soliqqa qarshi pozitsiyasini bilib olganidan keyin.[115] Xovind tashkiloti na tadbirkorlik litsenziyasiga ega edi va na soliqlardan ozod qilingan,[21] na u erda ishlagan odamlar cherkov deb hisoblashgan.[116][117] Vazirlikning tashkiliy tuzilmasi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Soliq sudi "soliqlardan qochish sxemalarining taniqli targ'ibotchisi Glen Stolldan sotib olingan turli xil shubhali ishonch hujjatlariga asoslanib" ko'rinishda bo'lib, sud Hovind ushbu ishonch hujjatlaridan foydalangan degan xulosaga keldi, shuningdek uning mulk huquqi va boshqaruvini yashirish uchun boshqa firibgarlik vositalaridan foydalangan. faoliyati va xususiyatlari.[118]

IRS ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, Xovind so'zlashuvlar orqali yiliga 50 ming dollar ishlab topgan,[4-qayd][5] va faqat 2002 yilda CSE 1,8 million dollardan ortiq tovarlarni sotdi.[119] O'rtacha Xovind har yili 1 million dollardan oshiq bank depozitlarini kiritdi,[120] va natijada bu yiliga taxminan 2 million dollarga o'sdi.[121][122] Ushbu daromadning taxminan yarmi ish haqi olgan yoki soatlik ish haqi to'lanadigan ishchilarga to'g'ri keldi. Biroq, Xovind ushbu faoliyatdan "shaxsan o'zi uchun daromad" bo'lib ko'rinadigan "katta daromad" oldi.[118]

1996 yil 1 martda Xovind 13-bobni topshirdi bankrotlik federal to'lovni to'lamaslik uchun iltimosnoma daromad solig'i, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari fuqarosi emasligini va u daromad olmaganligini da'vo qilmoqda.[123] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, vazir sifatida unga tegishli bo'lgan hamma narsa tegishli bo'lgan Xudo Xudoning ishini bajargani uchun unga soliq to'lash kerak emas edi.[124] 1996 yil 5-iyunda sud Hovindni mol-mulki va daromadlari to'g'risida yolg'on gapirgan deb topib, bankrotlik to'g'risidagi ishni bekor qildi. Sud IRSning uning da'vosi "federal daromad solig'ini to'lashdan qochish maqsadida faqat vijdonan qilingan" degan qarorini qo'llab-quvvatladi va Xovindning dalillarini "bema'ni absurd" deb atadi. Shuningdek, "IRSda qarzdorning federal daromad solig'i deklaratsiyasini topshirganligi to'g'risida hech qanday ma'lumot yo'q".[123]

1998 yilda IRS Xovind haqida Internet-provayderga o'z da'volari bilan murojaat qilganidan so'ng, Internet-provayderdan Xovind haqidagi hisob ma'lumotlarini so'radi. soliq qonunchiligiga rioya qilmaslik, 1970-yillarga qaytish. Dastlab provayder balk qilganida, sudlar IRS Xovindning daromad olganligini, ammo 1991 yilga qadar hech qanday daromad solig'i deklaratsiyasini topshirmaganligini ko'rsatishi mumkinligi sababli chaqiruv chaqirdi.[125] 2003 yilda Xovind aytadi The New York Times, "Men 30 yildan beri soliq deklaratsiyasini topshirmaganman."[126]

1998 yil 13-mayda Xovind va uning rafiqasi "Ishonchnoma va imzoni bekor qilish" hujjatini topshirdilar. Esambiya okrugi bu ularning 1998 yil 15 aprelgacha bo'lgan har qanday va'dalari, qarzlari yoki qonuniy bitimlarini bekor qiladi. Xovindlar "firibgarlikning turli elementlaridan foydalanganliklari va noto'g'ri ma'lumot berishlari, majburlash, majburlash, yolg'on guvohlik, xato tufayli , "bankrotlik" va "buni tasdiqladi Ijtimoiy Havfsizlik bu "Ponzi sxemasi"Ga tegishli hujjat Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari hukumati "bankrot" korporativ hukumat "sifatida Xovindlardan voz kechdi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari fuqaroligi va Ijtimoiy ta'minot raqamlari "Amerikaning" tabiiy fuqarosi va tabiiy ravishda musofir bo'lish "va o'zlarining Florida shtatini" Florida shtati Body-Politic Corporation "deb atashgan.[127] Sudyalar va IRS buni kelgusidagi qarorlarda qonuniy ahamiyatga ega hujjat sifatida hurmat qilmagan.[128] 2002 yilda Xovind soliqlarni to'lashda yana huquqbuzarlik qildi va ta'qib qilish uchun IRSni muvaffaqiyatsiz sudga berdi.[128]

Turli vaqtlarda hukumat Xovind 1989 yildan 1997 yilgacha AQShning shaxsiy daromad solig'i bo'yicha deklaratsiyasini topshirmagan deb da'vo qilmoqda.[129] 2004 yil bahorida, IRS Xovindning 1995 yildan 1997 yilgacha to'lamagan shaxsiy Federal daromad solig'i bo'yicha tekshiruv va jinoiy tekshiruv o'tkazdi.[118] IRS agenti Skott Shnayder shunday dedi: "1997 yildan beri Xovind daromad manbalarini ko'rsatuvchi moliyaviy operatsiyalarni amalga oshirdi va shu yillarda ba'zi yillarda bank hisob raqamlariga yiliga 1 million dollardan oshiq mablag 'kiritdi, bu federal daromad solig'ini to'lashni talab qiladi. . "[21] 2004 yil 3-iyun kuni IRS Hovindning uyi va korxonalarida moliyaviy yozuvlarni musodara qilish va Federal xabarnomalarni topshirishga urinish bo'yicha qidiruv orderini ijro etdi. soliq garovlari 504,957,24 AQSh dollaridan, bu Xovind qabul qilishni rad etdi.[118][130][131] Agentlar turar joyning turli joylaridan topilgan 42 ming AQSh dollar miqdoridagi pulni musodara qilishdi. Oltita qurol mavjud edi, shu jumladan SKS yarim avtomat.[128] O'sha kuni Xovind CSE bank hisobvarag'idan 70000 AQSh dollarini, yarmi naqd pulda olib qo'ydi.[132]

2006 yil 7-iyul kuni Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Soliq sudi 1995-1997 yillarda Xovind federal daromad solig'ini to'lashda nuqsoni borligini aniqladi, jami 520,099 dollar. Soliq sudi IRSning amal qilish huquqiga ega ekanligini qaror qildi garovga olish Hovind mulkiga va Hovindning himoyasi "g'alati dalillarga asoslangan, ularning ba'zilari soliq namoyishchilarining dalillari aksiz solig'i va daromad solig'ining "100% ixtiyoriy" tabiati bilan bog'liq. "[118] Penaltilar bilan u 2013 yilgacha 1998-2006 soliq yillari uchun 3,3 million dollar qarzdor edi.[133][134] Jo Xovindga 1,6 million dollar to'lash majburiyati berilgan.[3][133]

Federal jinoiy soliqqa oid sud va sud hukmi 2006 yilda

2006 yil 11 iyulda Xovind edi ayblanmoqda 58 ta hisob bo'yicha Shimoliy Florida shtatidagi tuman sudi Pensakolada. Dastlabki 12 ta hisobot federal daromad solig'i va yig'imlarini hisobga olmaganlik va to'lamaganlik uchun to'lovlarni o'z ichiga olgan FICA CSE operatsiyasi bilan bog'liq soliqlar, 2001-2003 yillardagi 12 moliyaviy chorak uchun jami $ 473,818. Keyingi 45 ta hisob-kitoblar hisobotni talab qiladigan 10 000 AQSh dollaridan kam miqdordagi $ 430,500 miqdorida bir nechta naqd pullarni qaytarib olish orqali operatsiyalarni bila turib tuzish uchun to'lovlar edituzilish"), buning uchun uning xotini ham ayblangan. Oxirgi hisobot - bu korruptsiyaga intilish ayblovi ichki daromadlar to'g'risidagi qonunlarni boshqarishga to'sqinlik qiladi va to'sqinlik qiladi bankrotlik to'g'risida ariza berishda IRSni yolg'on ravishda uning yagona kreditori sifatida ro'yxatlash, IRSga qarshi u jinoiy tajovuz uchun zararni undirishni talab qilgan soxta va yengil sud ishlarini yuritish, uni tergov qilayotganlarga va tergov bilan hamkorlik qilishni o'ylashi mumkin bo'lgan shaxslarga zarar etkazish bilan tahdid qilish. , uni tergov qilayotgan IRS agentlariga qarshi yolg'on shikoyat qilish, IRS maxsus agentlariga (jinoiy tergovchilar) qarshi soxta jinoiy shikoyat berish va yozuvlarni yo'q qilish.[135][136][137] Hovind mulkida qurol borligi haqida xabarlar bo'lganligi sababli, ayblov xulosasi dastlab hibsga olingan agentlarga xavf tug'dirishidan qo'rqib muhrlangan.[138]

Da sudga murojaat qilish, Xovind ayblovlarga tushunarsizligini ta'kidlab, sudga shunday dedi: "Men hanuzgacha nima uchun ayblanayotganimni va meni kim ayblayotganini tushunmayapman".[136] Raislik qiladi sudya sudyasi Xovinddan ingliz tilida yozadimi va bilasizmi, deb so'radi, Hovind unga "ma'lum darajada" deb javob berdi. Sudya javoban hukumat ayblovlarni etarli darajada tushuntirgan va sudlanuvchi ayblovlarni "siz tan olishni xohlaysizmi yoki yo'qmi" tushunadi.[139] Xovind hukumat uni soliq firibgarligi ayblovi bilan sud qilish huquqini tan olmasligini aytdi. Dastlab u "soxta ovozlarni to'ntarish" iltimosiga kirishga uringan, ammo sudya unga qarshi da'vo kiritishni taklif qilganida, "tazyiq ostida" aybsiz deb topilgan. Uning uyi to'g'risida so'rashganda, Xovind uni "cherkov cherkovi" deb atagan va butun dunyo bo'ylab "Iso Masihning cherkovi" dan boshqa yashash joyini rad etgan.[128] Xovindning pasporti va qurollari olib qo'yilgan. Xovind o'zining xushxabarchilik ishini davom ettirish uchun pasporti kerakligini va "minglab va minglab" lar uning keyingi oyda Janubiy Afrikada va'zini tinglashni kutayotganini ta'kidlab, norozilik bildirishdi. Sud "hamfikrlar" Xovindni mamlakatdan chiqib ketsa, uni yashirishi mumkin degan dalilni qabul qilib, qayta ko'rib chiqishni rad etdi.[136]

Sud 2006 yil 21 oktyabrda boshlangan. Xovind sud hay'atiga 1999 yildan 2004 yil martigacha bo'lgan vaqt ichida 5 million dollardan ziyod o'yin parkiga kirish va mol savdosi Xudoga tegishli ekanligi va soliqqa tortilishi mumkin emasligiga ishontirishga umid qildi.[116] Sud jarayonida keltirilgan dalillar shuni ko'rsatdiki, Jo Xovind xovindlarning daromadlari yo'q deb da'vo qilib, Baptist Healthcare-dan moliyaviy yordam so'ragan.[140] IRS agentlari sudda Xovind qanday qilib "bezorilik taktikasiga" urinish qilgani va tergovni to'xtatish uchun bosim o'tkazish uchun hukumatni uch marta sudga bergani haqida gapirib berishdi. Sud da'volari bekor qilindi.[116] Prokuratura ishchilarni missionerlar, vazirlar va ko'ngillilar deb ta'riflashga urinishlarga qarshi bo'lib, ular o'zlarining ishchilari deb nomlangan eslatmalarni kiritdilar. Ishchilar guvohlik berishicha, ular vaqt kartalarini mushtlashlari, ta'tilda va kasal kunlarida bo'lishgan va olishmagan W-2 soliq shakllari. IRS qidiruv orderini rasmiylashtirgandan so'ng, xodimlar imzo chekishlari kerak edi oshkor qilmaslik to'g'risidagi shartnomalar ishda qolish.[117] Xristian notijorat tashkilotida ishlagan advokat, Xovind soliq tizimini "kaltaklaganini" va u naqd operatsiyalarni kuzatib bo'lmaydigan va binobarin, soliqqa tortilmasligini ma'qul ko'rganini da'vo qilganligini ko'rsatdi.[141]

Xovindning advokati uzoq vaqt ish olib bordi so'roq qilish IRSning etakchi tergovchisi,[142] va ish 1 noyabr kuni guvohlarni chaqirmagan himoyachi bilan yakunlandi.[143] 2-noyabr kuni yakuniy argumentlar keltirilganidan so'ng, hakamlar hay'ati Xovindlarni barcha moddalarda aybdor deb topishdan uch soat oldin maslahatlashdilar, Xovind uchun 58, uning rafiqasi uchun 45.[144] The Pensacola News Journal "Eng achinarlisi: agar ular agentlar bilan hamkorlik qilganlarida, ehtimol hozir qamoq jazosi haqida qayg'urmas edilar".[121]

Hukm, apellyatsiya shikoyati va qamoq (2007-2019)

After the convictions, Hovind was incarcerated in the Escambia County Jail as a "danger to the community" and a flight risk.[145] His wife would remain free until after the appeal.[146]

On January 19, 2007, Hovind was sentenced to ten years in prison with three years' probation and ordered to pay the federal government restitution of over $600,000. During the sentencing phase, a tearful Hovind, hoping to avoid prison, told the court, "If it's just money the IRS wants, there are thousands of people out there who will help pay the money they want so I can go back out there and preach."[147] However, Hovind's court room behavior was in stark contrast to phone calls he made while in jail and played by the prosecution.[148] The tapes, posted online by the Pensacola News Journal, included one conversation with Hovind and Eric Hovind, who were planning to hide a motor vehicle title and property deeds to prevent the government from collecting the property to pay for owed debt.[149] At sentencing, he denied being a "soliq namoyishi",[148] but the prosecution,[116] an IRS spokesman,[148] va Pensacola News Journal[140][150] used the term to describe him.

On June 29, 2007, Jo Hovind was sentenced to one year of imprisonment, three years of supervision upon release and fined $8,000.[144] In court, Jo Hovind offered explanations for the 45 checks just under $10,000 and for checks cashed before and after the reporting deadline, telling the judge "I really did not have a leadership role in CSE" and finished "I would never knowingly do anything illegal." The judge said that while Hovind was the principal authority at CSE, Jo managed the payroll; she had cashed roughly 200 checks totaling $1.5 million over a four-year period, relying on cash to avoid IRS scrutiny.[150] The Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Apellyatsiya sudi o'n birinchi davra bo'yicha denied both appeals on December 30, 2008,[146] va AQSh Oliy sudi rad etildi sertifikat 2009 yil 2-noyabrda.[151]

Hovind appealed the amount of his 2006 U.S. Tax Court ruling on personal income taxes to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, but on July 2, 2007, a three-judge panel denied the appeal, finding that Hovind had failed to raise the issue at the appropriate time.[152]

In November 2010, Hovind filed a motion in U.S. District Court Northern District of Florida claiming the prosecution and defense erred at various stages of the case;[153] it was denied the following May.[154] It was one of at least six motions to dismiss he filed that year on various procedural or constitutional grounds.[155]

In July 2015, Hovind was released to home confinement for roughly one month to finish his prison sentence for his 2006 conviction.[156] Almost a year after his release, Hovind said he would continue to fight his conviction and the property seizure.[157]

In October 2019, Hovind filed a bo'shatish uchun harakat ichida dastlabki sud without obtaining the required certification from the apellyatsiya sudi; the motion was dismissed, summarily.[155]

CSE property forfeitures

Property on Dinosaur Adventure Land

In 2007, the government placed liens on ten of the Hovinds' properties for money owed[150] following a June 27, 2007 judgment, which included an order that the properties be forfeited under 18 AQSh § 3613 for costs of $5,800, a fine of $2000, and restitution of $604,874.87.[158] On December 30, 2008, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied the Hovinds' appeal and affirmed the convictions and sentences entered by the district court.[159][160] Following the appeal, Jo Hovind served her prison term from January 20, 2009[161] to December 3, 2009.[162]

In 2008, Eric Hovind and Glen Stoll, an individual who has been associated with the Embassy of Heaven organization and who has falsely claimed to be a lawyer,[163] attempted to prevent the forfeitures of Hovind's ten properties, including Dinosaur Adventure Land, in connection with the federal tax problems.[164] (In early 2019, Stoll himself was indicted by a Federal grand jury in Portland, Oregon on unrelated charges of conspiracy to defraud the United States, bank fraud, conspiracy to commit bank fraud, making a false statement on a loan application, and tax evasion.[165]) The government sought the property, deeded to Stoll and Eric prior to Hovind's convictions, since cash had been withdrawn from the bank accounts and could not be recovered. In a court filing, however, Eric Hovind said that he owned one of the properties and that he "took active control over the lot by personally building a home on it with $70,000 he borrowed from CSE."[16] The court accepted Eric's ownership of that property, but allowed the government to seize the other nine properties.[16] The court ruling denying the Hovinds' appeal cleared the way for forfeiture proceedings on Hovind-owned properties, including those on which Dinosaur Adventure Land sat, to continue[146] qarzni qondirish uchun.[35]

In March 2012, the federal government sued Creation Science Evangelism to remove liens placed on Hovind's former property that was seized after his conviction, and in June, the court ruled in favor of the government.[166]

In May 2013, facing the sale of lots that were once part of Dinosaur Adventure land, Hovind acted. Using legal advice from another inmate, he filed a civil right suit against corrections personnel (a "Bivens action") alleging that they intentionally delayed court documents which hindered another appeal. Based on the assumption that it would trigger a chain of rulings that would ultimately result in the original sentence being overturned, he then filed several lis pendens on the properties.[167][168] A federal judge rejected Hovind's claims and dismissed the filings ("void ab initio"), and asked for a "show of cause" from Hovind to explain why he should not be found in sudni hurmatsizlik for the false filings.[169] His release date was approaching when he would face new charges related to the lis pendens filings.[170]

Federal mail fraud and criminal contempt trial in 2015

On October 21, 2014, Hovind was indicted by a federal grand jury in Pensacola, Florida, on two counts of mail fraud, one count of conspiracy with Paul John Hansen to commit mail fraud, and one count of criminal contempt for[171] interfering with the sale of Pensacola properties Hovind was forced to forfeit as a result of the 2006 case.[170] Hovind and Hansen pleaded not guilty and were tried together.[172][173]

On March 2, 2015, the trial began in Shimoliy Florida shtati AQSh okrug sudi. On the first day of testimony, the prosecution discussed Hovind and Hansen's "dozens of filings", including several lis pendens, used to resist a court-ordered forfeiture due in part to legal advice Hovind took from his "cellmate in a New Hampshire prison camp".[174] The prosecution case included numerous emails, recorded phone calls, and court filings related to the forfeited properties.[168] The prosecution presented audio of Hovind characterizing a lis pendens by asking his daughter, "Have you ever taken a step into dog crap and it gets stuck on your feet and it's really hard to get off?"[174] Hansen and Hovind took the stand in their own defense. According to journalist Kevin Robinson, during Hovind's testimony, he "refused to give short answers" and said that he believed his actions were lawful.[175] On March 12, 2015, Hovind was found guilty on one count of criminal contempt,[176] Hansen on two counts of criminal contempt,[177] va jury was hung on the remaining charges.[176]

A trial on the counts on which the jury could not reach a verdict had been ordered to begin on May 18, 2015.[178] However, on May 16, 2015, the prosecution filed its "Government's Motion to Dismiss Counts One, Two and Four of the Superseding Indictment Without Prejudice," citing "issues regarding the technical sufficiency of the Superseding Indictment, including the adequacy of notice."[179] Later, on May 16, the Court cancelled the jury selection and trial that had been scheduled to begin on Monday, May 18, in order, in the Court's words, to permit the defendants to respond to the government's motion.[180][181]

On Monday, May 18, 2015, the U.S. District Court made two decisions. First, the Court granted the prosecutor's request for a "without prejudice" dismissal of the three remaining charges against Hovind, allowing the prosecutor to go back to a Federal grand jury and seek a new indictment if desired.[182] Second, the Court rendered a judgment of acquittal on the criminal contempt charge on which Hovind had been found guilty by the jury. On that point, the Court concluded that in the specific order that Hovind had been found guilty of violating, there was no actual language that prohibited Hovind from doing anything.[183][184]

On August 21, 2015, Paul John Hansen was sentenced to 18 months in prison and three years' probation for the two counts of contempt.[177]

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar

  1. ^ now Patriot Bible University in Del Norte, Colorado, which no longer offers this program
  2. ^ It contains four chapters totaling 101 pages, but Hovind's introduction claims the work is 250 pages with 16 chapters.
  3. ^ There may also be a 1970 version.
  4. ^ In 2004, Hovind told The New York Times that he had 700 speaking engagements per year.

Adabiyotlar

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