WikiDer > Ta'lim kompaniyasi (sobiq SoftKey)

The Learning Company (formerly SoftKey)
"SoftKey" qayta yo'naltirishlar. Kirish moslamasi uchun qarang Yumshoq kalit.
1995 yilda sotib olingan SoftKey kompaniyasi uchun qarang Ta'lim kompaniyasi.
Ta'lim kompaniyasi
TaqdirMattel tomonidan sotib olingan
Tashkil etilgan1986
Ta'sischilarKevin O'Leary
Ishdan bo'shatilgan1999
Bosh ofis
BIZ.
MahsulotlarShovelware o'yinlari

Ta'lim kompaniyasi (ilgari SoftKey) kanadalik tadbirkor va investor tomonidan tashkil etilgan dasturiy ta'minot kompaniyasi edi Kevin O'Leary. U chaqirildi SoftKey International 1995 yilgacha, u sotib olganida Ta'lim kompaniyasi va uning nomini oldi. Kompaniya o'zining agressiv biznes taktikasi bilan mashhur edi. 1999 yilda u tomonidan sotib olingan Mattel nimada Ish haftaligi "barcha vaqtlarning eng yomon bitimlaridan biri" deb nomlangan.[1]

1990-yillarning oxiri davomida Learning Company (sobiq SoftKey) "charchagan brendlar yukiga tushgan", tadqiqotlar va ishlanmalarni qisqartirganligi va eski kompaniyalar tomonidan yangi dasturiy ta'minotga sarmoya kiritmasdan, do'konlarni va dorixonalar orqali eski mahsulotlarni qayta qadoqlashga e'tibor qaratganlikda ayblandi. sotib olingan.[2] Kompaniya o'sishni davom ettirdi, uning daromadi 1998 yil oxiriga kelib 800 million dollarni tashkil etdi (1,1 milliard dollarlik defitsitga qaramay).[2]

SoftKey ko'pincha ming yillik boshiga qadar ta'lim sohasini tarqatib yuborishning asosiy omili sifatida qaraldi.[3] Ta'sir etuvchi omillar qatoriga uning bozor narxini qo'yib yuborish orqali tushirish kiradi belkurak buyumlari disklari bepul dastur va shareware,[4] dasturiy ta'minotni ishlab chiqaruvchi yirik kompaniyalarning dushmanlik bilan tortib olinishi, skeletlari topilgan xodimlar tomonidan sotib olinishini kamaytirish va aktsiyalar narxini ushlab turuvchi shubhali moliyaviy amaliyotlar.[3]

Marketing strategiyasi

"Qarzlarni moliyalashtirish va aktsiyalarni almashtirishdan agressiv foydalanish orqali iste'molchilar va ta'lim dasturlarining etakchi portfellari yaratildi."[5]

Mahsulotlar

1986 yilda Ontario shtatining Toronto shahrida joylashgan SoftKey Software Products ixtisoslashtirilgan KeyChart grafik to'plamini (rangli grafik karta bilan jihozlangan I.B.M. PC va mos keladigan moslamalar uchun 375 AQSh dollari) chiqardi.[6] 1992 yilda SoftKey 1992 yilda sog'lom daromadlar va sof foyda haqida xabar berdi.[7] va 1993 yil.[8] Dasturiy ta'minot noshiri sifatida Softkey dasturiy ta'minot paketlari huquqlarini ularning mualliflaridan sotib oldi va ularni o'zining "Kalit" yorlig'i ostida tarqatdi.[9] Ushbu bosqichda ular 35 mahsulot sotdilar; bitta mahsulotni sotishning taqiqlovchi qiymati.[9] 1993 yil - KeyMap-ni sotadigan Softkey dasturi batafsil xaritalar, marshrutlash funktsiyasi va xaritalarni izohlash uchun ma'lumotlar bazasi vositasini taqdim etadi. Faqat DOS-da.[10] 1993 - Computer Associates Softkey Software-dan Easy soliq (DOS) ni sotib oldi va uni oddiy soliq sifatida sotdi.[11] 1994 yil - kichik ofis va uy ofislari, "ta'lim" (ta'lim / ko'ngil ochish), o'yinlar va CD-ROM bozorlari uchun mahsulotlar ishlab chiqaradi, nashr etadi va sotadi. [12] Joriy yilning birinchi choragida SoftKey International savdosi 39 foizga o'sib, 34,5 million dollarni tashkil etdi. [12] 1994-5 - 1994 yilga kelib Softkey o'zlarining sifati bo'yicha sotiladigan mahsulotlarni sotdi, masalan Art a la Carte Office ta'tillari va o'yin-kulgi to'plami (24,95 dollar); Asosiy bayramlar uchun 150 ta rasm[13] 1995 yilda Softkey Multimedia MBA: Small Business Edition-ni sotdi. bir qator biznes darsliklarini hammasini sotib olmagan holda yoki ularning indekslarini ko'rib chiqmasdan qidirishga imkon beradi[14] Dasturga quyidagilar kiradi: Sport Illustrated Swimsuit Calendar, Time Almanac, BodyWorks, PFS: WindowWorks, PC Paintbrush, Calendar Creator, American Heritage Electronic Dictionary, Muppet Calendars, ko'pchilik sotib olishlar natijasida yaratilgan (Spinnaker, Power Up, ZSoft, WordStar, Compact, Aris, va Software Marketing Corp.)[15] .Ann Stiven, Reston-dagi kompyuter ma'lumotlari bo'yicha tahlilchi "Agar Softkey o'zining diskontlash strategiyasini shu erda qo'llasa, u bozorni boshqaradi va bu Broderbund, Devidson va shu strategiyani qo'llamagan boshqalarga zarar etkazishi mumkin,[16] TLC Reader Rabbit va Math Rabbit qo'shdi; MECC Oregon Trail, Word Munchers, Number Munchers va Storybook Weaver dasturlarini SoftKey-ga qo'shdi.[17] Broderbundni sotib olish The Learning Company-ga (ilgari Softkey) taniqli, mukofotga sazovor bo'lgan Karmen Sandiego, The Print Shop, Living Books, and Family Tree Maker, Artur va KidPix kabi brendlarni taqdim etdi.[18]

Foyda

1992 yil - Missisauga (Ontario) da joylashgan Softkey dasturiy ta'minot mahsulotlari. Kanadadagi eng tez rivojlanayotgan kompaniya. Sotish 36,8 million AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi va oxirgi moliyaviy yilda 6,1 million dollar foyda oldi, Softkey daromadining o'sishi 1986 yilga nisbatan 9 738 foizga o'sdi. Daromad keltiradigan mahsulotlar soliq dasturiy ta'minoti va qayta ishlash xizmati bo'ldi.[9] 1995 yil aprel - Qimmatli qog'ozlarni 25,50 dollarga sotish - bu yilgi daromaddan taxminan 20 baravar ko'p.[19] 1995 yil iyun - Softkey International 1 5/8 dan 30 3/4 gacha ko'tarildi. 2,3 million oddiy aksiyalarning ommaviy aksiyasi 28,875 dollarga baholandi. [20] The New York Times gazetasi Rid Ableson "agar Mikrosoft Bill Geyts g'amxo'rlik qilsa, u Softkey, Expert va boshqa barcha ishtirokchilarni yo'q qilishi mumkin" deb ta'kidlagan.[19] 1995 yil sentyabr oyida SoftKey International quyi beta versiyasi va ko'proq konservativ aktsiyalar sifatida qabul qilindi.[21] 1995 yil sentyabr oyida SoftKey mahsulotlari 40 dan ortiq mamlakatlardagi 19000 dan ortiq do'konlarda sotiladi [22] Montgomery Securities o'tgan iyun oyida kompaniya uchun 60 million dollardan ko'proq mablag 'yig'di. Faqat o'tgan hafta SoftKey - uning bosh direktori Maykl Perik sakkiz yil oldin valyuta savdosi bilan shug'ullangan - baholanmagan xususiy taklif sifatida yana 350 million dollar yig'di.[23] 1995 yil 28 noyabrda Nasdaq nashrlari orasida ochiq pozitsiyalarning eng katta o'sishi Softkey International Inc kompaniyasida bo'lib, u 3,2 million aktsiyadan 4,7 million aktsiyaga ko'tarildi.[24] Softkey TLC ni sotib olganida, payshanba kuni Nasdaq savdolarida Learning Co. 3,875 dan 67,125 dollargacha o'sdi va SoftKey 1,875 dan 31,25 dollargacha qo'shdi; Broderbund 1 dollarga tushib, 58 dollarga tushdi.[25]

Forrester Research kompaniyasi xodimi Bernoffning so'zlariga ko'ra, birinchi chorakda barcha chakana savdolarning 51% uchun Softkey International, Microsoft, Broderbund, Electronic Arts va Sierra On-Line - eng yaxshi CD-ROM noshirlari beshtasi - 33% dan. 1994 yilda.[26] Learning Company sarmoyadorlar guruhiga 150 million dollarlik imtiyozli aktsiyalarni chiqaradi, buning evaziga 5,5 foiz katta konvertatsiya qilinadigan / almashtiriladigan asosiy kupyuralar evaziga.[27] Thomas H. Lee kompaniyalari, Bain Capital Inc. va Center Partners Management L.L.C kompaniyalariga imtiyozli aktsiyalarni berish orqali 150 million dollar qarzni bekor qiling. o'zlarining aqlli sarmoyalari bilan tanilgan ba'zi odamlarni kemaga olib kelishadi[28] 1998 yil avgust oyida fond birjasi Learning Company aktsiyalari savdosini to'xtatib turdi va kutilayotgan yangiliklar kutib olindi va kompaniya buxgalteriya amaliyotiga oid savollarni echish uchun bayonot berdi.[29] 1998 yil dekabrda Ta'lim Kompaniyasining (NYSE: TLC) aktsiyalari 1 15/16 dan 26 3/8 gacha pasaygan va Mattel (NYSE: MAT) 20 foizga tushib 23 11/16 ga tushib ketgan.[30] 1998 yil oxiriga qadar 1,1 milliard dollarlik defitsitga qaramay, kompaniya o'sishni davom ettirdi, uning daromadi 800 million dollarni tashkil etdi.[2] Moliyaviy tadqiqotlar va tahlillar markazining xabar berishicha, 1999 yilning birinchi choragida Learning Company kompaniyasining savdo hajmi o'tgan uch chorakning har birida kamida 25% o'sishiga nisbatan o'tgan yilning shu davriga nisbatan 4,2 foizga o'sgan.[31] Learning Company birlashishi doirasida Mattel, Inc kompaniyasining sho'ba korxonasi bo'lgan Kanadaning Softkey Software Products, Inc. kompaniyasi 2000 yil 10 fevralda dividend e'lon qildi .16 dollar.[32]

Rag'batlantirish

Softkey mahsulotlarini chakana savdosi qanday qilib "mushuklarning oziq-ovqatlaridan yoki boshqa iste'molchilarning mahsulotlaridan farq qilmaydi".[9] ‘Chakana sotuvchiga murojaat qilganimizda, biz ularga turli xil nomlar va ularning xavfini diversifikatsiya qiladigan kafolatlangan savdo hajmini taklif qila olamiz; buning evaziga biz kafolatlangan maydonga ega bo'lamiz. '[9] Salter de Gruchy reklama agentligi yollangan.[9] Bu tarqatishni yaxshiroq boshqarish uchun do'konlarda aslida joy ijaraga olgan kam sonli kompaniyalardan biridir.[33] SoftKey dasturiy ta'minot bilan musiqiy kompakt-disklar uchun ishlatilgan bir xil standart kompakt-disk qutilariga qadoqlangan va kosmosda namoyish etilishi mumkin bo'lgan mahsulot hajmini uch baravar oshirgan holda aylanuvchi raftlarni taqdim etishda kashshof bo'lgan.[34]Mahsulotlarni dasturiy ta'minot biznesidan va Office Depot, Radio Shack, Willson Stationers va SmithBooks kabi ko'proq trafikka ega bo'lgan umumiy do'konlardan oldi.[9] qutilarga diqqatni jalb qiladigan grafikalar, mahsulotlarni aniq bozorga chiqaradi.[9] "Bu haqiqatan ham ushbu sohani egallab olgan qadoqlangan tovarlar falsafasi" - bu qanday qilib bozorga chiqarilishi, mavjudligidan ko'ra muhimroqdir. ‘Bu yuzlar va tokchalar maydoni va reklama dollarlari va eshik orqali sotishni boshqarish va yalpi marjda har kvadrat metr uchun foyda haqida.[9] 1995 yil oktyabr - Londondagi markazlar; Dublin; Myunxen; Tokio; va Kanadaning Toronto, Sherbrooke va Kalgari, shuningdek, Vashington, Atlantada va Kaliforniyada joylashgan Marina del Rey.[15] o'z mahsulotlarini 18000 dan ortiq savdo shoxobchalari, shu jumladan oziq-ovqat do'konlari apparat do'konlari va aeroportdagi sovg'alar do'konlari orqali sotadi va dunyoning 47 mamlakatida o'z distribyutorlariga ega.[15]

Narxlar

eng kam foyda 40 dan 100 dollargacha sotish.[9] ‘Bir nusxasini 400 dollardan yoki 5500 nusxasini 49,95 dollardan sotishni afzal ko'rasizmi? '[9] "Endi bu texnologiya haqida emas. Bu marketing, tovar savdosi, tovarlarni boshqarish va tok joylari haqida .... Mushuklar uchun oziq-ovqat biznesida bularning barchasi muhim. Va dasturiy ta'minot biznesida bularning barchasi muhim. "[35] 166 ta dasturiy ta'minot nomini arzon narxlarda sotadi - bu ishlamayotgan dasturni osonlikcha o'chirib qo'yish mumkin. Christian Science Minotor dasturiy ta'minot narxlari pasayib ketishi mumkinligidan qo'rqib, allaqachon tushib ketgan. Ammo bu harakat dasturiy ta'minot ko'proq turdagi do'konlarda namoyish etila boshlanishini anglatadi.[35] Massachusets shtatidagi SoftKey International, Inc kompaniyasining Kembrijning korporativ missiyasi "butun dunyo bo'ylab iste'molchilar uchun mo'ljallangan dasturiy ta'minotning etakchi elektron noshiri bo'lishdir." [15] byudjet dasturlarini sotish, ko'pincha Kmart, Staples va CompUSA kabi do'konlarning kassalarida impuls elementlari sifatida topilgan.[23] SoftKey muxlisi bo'lgan tahlilchilardan biri o'z mahsulotlarini "qirg'oq dasturlari" deb ataydi, chunki agar sizga haqiqiy dasturiy ta'minot yoqmasa, siz CD-ROM-larni juda arzon bo'lganligi sababli ichimlik idishlari sifatida ishlatishingiz mumkin.[23] "So'nggi ikki yil ichida biz asosan korxonalarga sotadigan sanoatdan tovarga aylanish uchun shiddatli o'zgarishlarga duch keladigan sohaga o'tdik", dedi O'Liri. [12] O'Leary "narxlar masalasi sababli ta'lim dasturlarini sotib olmagan bozorning 40 foiziga xizmat ko'rsatadigan mahsulotlar ishlab chiqarishni" xohlagan.[36] Natijada "platina" CD-ROM mahsulotlarining byudjet chizig'i paydo bo'ldi; kompaniya mahsulotlarni ishlab chiqarish xarajatlarini agressiv ravishda pasaytirishi va sotib olgan kompaniyalar xodimlarini ishdan bo'shatish bilan mashhur bo'ldi.[37] Keysi Dvorkin, chakana narxlar haftaligi noshiri: SoftKey dasturiy ta'minoti "dasturiy ta'minotni funt sterlingga sotishni istagan kompaniyalarga murojaat qilib, qiziqish uyg'otadigan, ammo biron bir dastur uchun 40 dollar tushirib yubormoqchi bo'lmagan xaridorlarning impulsli xaridlariga murojaat qiladi,,[34] premium-tovar versiyasi, pastki tovar va shu mahsulotning umumiy versiyasini sotadigan kir yuvish vositalarini ishlab chiqaruvchisi bilan bir xil.[34] kompaniya mahsulot narxlarini 49 dollardan 12,95 dollarga tushirganda, birlik sotuvi 20 ming yoki 30 mingdan yuz minglab sakrab tushdi.[34] Softkey qiyin ahvolda bo'lgan dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiqaruvchi kompaniyalarni sotib olish, mahsulotlarini qayta qadoqlash va narxlarini o'zgartirish orqali o'z biznesini qurdi. [16] "SoftKey ko'pgina iste'molchilar uchun dasturiy ta'minot haddan ziyod narxlanadi va shuning uchun keng bozorga chiqa olmaydi, deb hisoblaydi. Bu multimediya dasturiy ta'minot biznesidagi ko'pchilikning badiiy sezgirligi bilan to'qnashadigan falsafa - ammo shunga qaramay, beqaror dasturiy ta'minot dunyosida tobora ta'sirchan bo'lib qolishi mumkin."[38]

Prokuratura

1993 yil - 1993 yilda SoftKey R. H. Damon va SoftKey dasturiy ta'minot mahsulotlariga qarshi sud jarayoni boshlandi.[39] 1994 yil iyun - 1994 yil 10 iyunda "Raqobat to'g'risida" gi qonunga muvofiq tergov va tadqiqotlar bo'yicha direktor (Kanada) ("Qonun") Kanadada SoftKey dasturiy ta'minotining faoliyatiga tegishli jinoyatga oid bo'lmagan, ko'rib chiqiladigan amaliyot qoidalariga muvofiq surishtiruv boshladi. Products Inc. ("SoftKey Software") Kanadada soliqlarni tayyorlash bo'yicha dasturiy ta'minot sohasida. 1994 yil 28 iyunda Kanadaning soliq tayyorlash dasturiy ta'minot biznesidagi boshqa kompaniyalar bilan bir qatorda SoftKey Software-dan Kanada soliq tayyorlash dasturiy ta'minot sanoatiga tegishli ba'zi hujjatlar va ma'lumotlarni ishlab chiqarishni talab qilgan sud qarori, Federal sud sud departamenti tomonidan chiqarildi. [40] TLC uchun SoftKey-ni sotib olish taklifi - Kaliforniyaning Federal okrug sudiga berilgan da'vo, Tribune Qimmatli qog'ozlar va birja komissiyasiga Softkey-ning Learning Company-ga bo'lgan taklifida ishtirok etishini oshkor qilmadi.[41] Sud da'vosi, Tribune Learning Company haqidagi maxfiy ma'lumotlarni Softkey-ga noto'g'ri ravishda oshkor qilganiga da'vo qilmoqda[41] 1999 yil oktyabr oyida Mattel The Learning Company (sobiq SoftKey) ustidan ularning aktsiyalarini sun'iy ravishda oshirib yuborgani sababli sudga murojaat qildi.[42]

Sotib olishlar ro'yxati:[43]

  1. 1994 yil fevral - WordStar xalqaro va Spinnaker dasturi
  2. 1994 yil iyun - Aris Multimedia Entertainment
  3. 1994 yil iyul - ixcham nashr
  4. 1995 yil sentyabr - Dastur marketing korporatsiyasi
  5. 1995 yil iyul - Tewi Verlag GmbH
  6. 1995 yil avgust - Future Vision Holding
  7. 1995 yil dekabr - O'quv kompaniyasi
  8. 1995 yil dekabr - Komptonning NewMedia
  9. 1995 yil oxiri - EduSoft
  10. 1996 yil may - Minnesota Ta'lim Kompyuter Korporatsiyasi (MECC)
  11. 1997 yil oktyabr - Microsystems Software
  12. 1997 yil dekabr - Ijodiy mo''jizalar
  13. 1998 yil mart - Mindscape
  14. 1998 yil avgust - Broderbund

Tarix

1986 yilda Kevin O'Liri tomonidan tashkil etilgan. SoftKey Kanadadagi kompaniya Toronto fond birjasida sotilgan. O'Learining so'zlariga ko'ra, 1986 yilda u o'zining Softkey kompaniyasini o'zining podvalidan pulsiz, ammo juda ko'p mehnat bilan ishga tushirgan.[44] U boshqa kompaniyalarni SoftKey mahsulotlarini o'zlarining va keyinchalik boshqa firmalarning litsenziyalash dasturlari bilan birlashtirishga ishontiradigan sotuvchi edi, bu esa ichki rivojlanishga qaraganda iqtisodiy jihatdan samaraliroq edi.[45] Ularning mahsulotlari odatda uy tomoshabinlari uchun mo'ljallangan dasturlardan iborat edi, ayniqsa belkurak buyumlari har xil bo'lgan disklar bepul dastur yoki shareware o'yin dasturi. SoftKey katta muvaffaqiyatlarga taklif qildi "zargarlik buyumlari faqat "mahsulotlarini, ular" Platinum "deb nomladilar.[iqtibos kerak] Kanadalik tadbirkor va investor Kevin O'Leary Softkey International-ni 1986 yilda o'zining podvalida onasining 10000 dollar sarmoyasi asosida tashkil etdi.[46] SoftKey nashr qilindi va tarqatildi CD-ROM-shaxsiy kompyuter dasturiy ta'minoti Windows va Macintosh 1980-yillarning oxiri va 1990-yillarda kompyuterlar.[47]

Uch tomonlama birlashma

1993 yil, SoftKey dasturiy ta'minotining 3 tomonlama birlashishi, WordStar International (Micropro International tashkil etilgan, 1991 yilda Lifetree Software dasturini sotib olgan, WordStar International S.A., 1991 yilda Frantsiya, 1993 yilda ZSoft sotib olgan), Spinnaker Software. Kombaynlar kompaniyasi SoftKey International deb nomlandi. 1993 - 1993 yilda Softkey Wordstar International va Spinnaker Software-ni sotib olganligini e'lon qildi[48] yoki uchta kompaniya birlashtirildi[49] "murakkab uch tomonlama almashtirish-almashtirish" da[50] yangi iste'molchi-dasturiy ta'minot kompaniyasini shakllantirish.[49] Softkey kompaniyasining bosh ijrochi direktori va prezidenti yangi kompaniyani boshqaradi.[49] Softkey aktsiyadorlari yangi kompaniya aktsiyalarining taxminan 53 foizini tashkil qiladi.[49] 1994 yil - 1994 yil 4 fevralda 3 tomonlama birlashish tugallandi. Yangi kompaniya - SoftKey International. Spinnakerning Mass, Kembrijdagi ofislariga ko'chirildi. [51] 1994 yilga kelib, Softkey ta'lim dasturlari bozorida milliard dollarlik konsolidator bo'lib, oltmishdan kam bo'lmagan raqiblarini sotib oldi, masalan. WordStar[52] va Spinnaker dasturi[53]

Learning Company kompaniyasini sotib olish

1995 yil 2-avgust atrofida Broderbund Software Company dushanba kuni kechqurun Learning Company-ni (asl asl kompaniya) sotib olishga kelishib oldi. [54] Kichik multimedia kompaniyalarini sotib olgandan so'ng, SoftKey International kengaytirish uchun boshqa yo'nalishlarni izladi. Endi ularning doirasi byudjet idoralari mahsuldorligi, ma'lumotnomalar va multimediyani qamrab oldi.[55] Kompaniya allaqachon o'yin-kulgini buzishga urinib ko'rgan, ammo muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan, shuning uchun o'quv dasturiy ta'minot mutaxassisi Broderbund SoftKey International kompaniyasining "Learning Company" (TLC) bilan birlashish niyati borligini e'lon qilganida, ushbu bozorda o'z o'rnini egallash imkoniyatini topdi.[55] Bu SoftKey (Ta'lim Kompaniyasi) ning ta'limga o'tish uchun ongli ravishda harakatlarini ko'rdi. O'Leary, "Biz ikkinchi darajali [mahsulotlarimiz] ni" edu-tainment "deb ataymiz. Ko'ngil ochish paytida nimanidir o'rganishingiz mumkin. SoftKey shu maydonga kirgan. Biz Key Key deb nomlangan yangi mahsulot qatorini boshladik" .[15] 1995 yilda SoftKey KeyKids liniyasi ostida ishlab chiqarilgan bir qator yangi bolalar uchun o'quv dasturlarini taqdim etdi.[56] Ushbu dastur chakana savdo tarmoqlarida va Evropaning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri pochta kanallarida va OEM kanallarida sotiladi, shuningdek bozorda birinchi bo'lib onlayn tasvirlash modellaridan birini yaratadi.[iqtibos kerak] Odatda ta'lim deb ataladigan dasturlarning yangi turi: [33] "Masskey shtatidagi Kembrijda joylashgan Softkey asosan javonlardan sotiladigan byudjet narxidagi dasturiy ta'minotni ishlab chiqaradi, ammo ushbu taklif qilingan bitim bilan hamda Minnesota Ta'lim Kompyuter Korporatsiyasini yaqinda rejalashtirilgan sotib olish bilan agressiv ravishda ta'lim dasturlariga o'tishga qaror qildi."[57] 1998 yilda Kanadadagi Softkey Software Products Inc daromad solig'i dasturiy ta'minotini biznesni Gollandiyalik noshir Wolters Kluwer N.V.ning bir qismiga 45 million dollarga naqd pul evaziga o'quv va ko'ngil ochish unvonlariga e'tibor qaratish va so'nggi ta'lim kompaniyalari sotib olishlari uchun to'lash uchun foyda keltirdi.[58]

Oktyabr SoftKey International Learning Co. uchun savdo urushini boshladi.[33] 606 million dollarga baholangan dushmanlik taklifini ishga tushirish. SoftKey shuningdek, Minnesota Education Computing Corp-ni 370 million dollarga sotib olishga rozi bo'lganligini e'lon qildi. (Broderbund taklifiga kalitni tashlash.[33] Softkey International dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiqaruvchi kompaniyasi ikkita dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiqaruvchisi uchun 800 million dollarlik taklif kiritayotganini e'lon qildi[59] "Ular kechagi kun iqtisodiyoti bilan shug'ullanmoqdalar.[57] Learning Co.ning interaktiv o'qish sayohati ($ 80) dasturini har xil narxlarda qayta qadoqlashga qaratilgan.[34] 1995 yil noyabr: SoftKey Delaver shtatidagi kantserlar sudidan vaqtinchalik cheklov chorasini so'raganidan keyin Learning Co. Broderbundni sotib olish bo'yicha maxsus aktsiyadorlar yig'ilishini keyinga qoldirdi.[60] Softkey kompaniyasi Learning aktsiyadorlarini Broderbundning birlashishiga qarshi ovoz berishni so'rab murojaat qilishni boshlaganini aytdi. [61] 9-noyabr: Ta'lim kompaniyasi bugungi kunda Broderbund Software Inc. kompaniyasining shirin birlashish taklifini qabul qildi va Softkey International Inc. kompaniyasining raqobatdosh taklifini rad etdi.[57] 1995 yil 1 dekabrda Softkey International Inc kompaniyasi Learning Company uchun dushmanlik taklifida kuchli ittifoqdoshga ega bo'ldi va Tribune Company-dan shartnoma tuzilgan taqdirda 150 million dollar sarmoya yotqizish majburiyatini oldi. [62] 5-dekabr Learning Company kompaniyasiga nisbatan dushmanlik taklifini qayta ko'rib chiqdi va 65 AQSh dollari miqdoridagi naqd pulni yoki 606 million dollar taklif qildi. [63] 8-dekabr - Dushmanlik taklifini boshlaganidan besh hafta o'tgach, Softkey International Inc kompaniyasi bugungi kunda Learning Company-ni 606 million dollarga teng bo'lgan naqd pul va zaxiralarni birlashtirish uchun sotib olish to'g'risida kelishuvga erishganligini aytdi.[16]

Learning Company o'zining afzal ko'rgan da'vogari Broderbund Software Inc. bilan avvalgi birlashish shartnomasini bekor qilganini aytdi.[16] SoftKey shuningdek, Broderbundni dushmanlik bilan egallab olishga harakat qildi. ushbu bitim (shuningdek, MECC va Compton Softkey dasturini ta'lim dasturining ustun o'yinchisiga aylantirishi mumkin edi, ammo Learning Company-ni sotib olish to'g'risidagi bitim doirasida o'z taklifini bekor qildi.[64] Softkey-ning umumiy ulushi uning eng yaqin raqobatchisidan ikki baravar ko'p bo'ladi.[16] SoftCeys TLC ni sotib olgandan so'ng, SoftKey, Kaliforniya shtatidagi Fremont kompaniyasida ish joylarini keskin qisqartirishi mumkinligidan qo'rqadi.[25] Sotib olish tugagandan so'ng, Softkey o'z nomini Learning Company deb o'zgartirdi.[65] Softkey International o'z nomini The Learning Company deb o'zgartirdi[66] Softkey Software Products Inc. birligi bilan.[67] O'Leary-dan, MECC-ning mahsulot ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha katta vitse-prezidenti Syuzan Shilling "U pul ishlashga qiziqish bildirgan. Men u bolalarga bilim olishga yordam berish istagi borligiga amin emasman" dedi.[68] 1996 yilda SoftKey o'z nomini "Learning Company" ga o'zgartirdi. Sotib olinganidan keyingi yillar davomida kompaniyani Maykl J. Perik bosh direktor sifatida, Kevin O'Liri prezident sifatida va R. Skott Myurrey moliya direktori sifatida boshqargan.[iqtibos kerak] 1995 yilda, Ta'lim kompaniyasi tomonidan sotib olingan SoftKey dushmanlik bilan sotib olish taklifida va xodimlarning katta foizini qo'yib yuborishdi, ular skeletlari shtabiga aylantirildi. SoftKey o'z nomini o'zgartirgan bo'lsa-da, kompaniya samarali tugadi Ta'lim kompaniyasi (TLC) va tovar nomidan foydalanishda davom etdi.[69]

Boshqa sotib olishlar

1994 yil 14 sentyabr - .Softkey kompaniyasi Feniksning Software Marketing Corp.ga tegishli 600 ming dona SoftKey oddiy aksiyasini va 1,6 million dollarlik uzoq muddatli qarzni o'z zimmasiga olgan.[70] 1995 yil oktyabr oyida Softkey, shuningdek, Minnesota Education Computing Corp kompaniyasini 370 million dollarga teng soliqsiz stok-svop bitimida sotib olishini aytdi.[71] Minnesota Ta'lim Kompyuter Kompaniyasi 1973 yilda davlat agentligi sifatida boshlangan va xususiylashtirishning ikki bosqichli rejasi asosida 1980 yil boshlarida hukumat tomonidan tarqatib yuborilgan.[72] 1995 yil 1 dekabrda Softkey kompaniyasi Tribunadan Compton's New Media Inc. kompaniyasini 106,5 million dollar qiymatidagi aktsiyalarni sotib olishga rozilik berdi.[62] Learning Company kecha Tribune kompaniyasini Softkey International Inc kompaniyasining "strategik sherigi" sifatida qimmatli qog'ozlar to'g'risidagi qonunlarni buzganlikda ayblab, sudga berganini aytdi. [41]

SoftKey International Inc., Minnesota Education Computing Corp-ni 324 million dollarga baholangan bitim bilan sotib olmoqda, [17] Booz Allen Hamilton Axborot texnologiyalari bo'yicha konsalting kompaniyasining ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, Softkey International kompaniyasining ikkitasi sotib olgan bitimlari 1994-1996 yillarda AQShning 10 ta eng yomon sotib olishlari qatoriga kiradi, bu bitimdan ikki yil o'tgach, aktsiyadorlar qiymati bilan o'lchanadi.[31]

1995 yilda Walt Disney Company (Disney Interactive) o'zining yangi, ko'ngilochar dasturiy ta'minot mahsuloti qatorini tortdi, uning narxi birligi 30 dollar atrofida bo'lib, Bostonda joylashgan Softkey kompaniyasining prezidenti Kevin O'Leary uning kompaniyasining Disneyning iste'molchilar uchun dasturiy ta'minot bozoriga kirishiga bevosita ta'sir qilmaydigan; Bundan tashqari, Disney perakendeciler bilan katta marketing kuchiga ega va iste'molchilar uchun darhol taniqli brend nomiga ega edi. '' Bizning langarimiz bu maktablar '' dedi u Softkey-ning asosiy bozoriga ishora qilib.[73]

1998 yil 7 mart - Learning Company kecha Mindscape Inc.ni Britaniyaning media-konglomerati Pearson P.L.C.dan sotib olishga rozi bo'lganligini aytdi. naqd va zaxirada 150 million dollar evaziga. [67] Kompaniya The Learning Company bo'limi sifatida saqlanib qolgan.[74]

Broderbundni sotib olish

Broderbund bosh direktori Dag Karlston SoftKey ishbilarmonlik amaliyoti to'g'risida.
"Softkey shunchaki butun sanoatni aylantirmoqchi edi, ular qo'llaridan kelgan barcha kompaniyalarni sotib olishga harakat qilishdi va biz kapital bozorlariga kirish imkoniga ega bo'ldik, chunki ular mana shu joydan kelgan. Shuning uchun ular bir milliard dollar qarz olishlari mumkin edi. va shu tarzda sarflang va odamlarni buni qilishga ruxsat berishlariga ishontiring.

Shunday qilib, men shou namoyish qildim va ularni to'xtatishga harakat qildim. Men ularning moliyaviy a'zolariga ular nima qilayotganlarini tushuntirishga harakat qildim, biz bunga kirmaymiz, ammo bu raqamlarni sharbatlashning murakkab usuli edi va asosan jami juda yosh bo'lgan fond menejerlari: "Biz barchamizni bilamiz bu, lekin biz baribir. Ular uch-to'rt chorak davomida bizga yaxshi ko'rsatkichlarni taqdim etadilar, so'ngra ular yangi sotib olishda xayrixohlikka hissa qo'shadigan ko'plab yo'qotishlarni yo'qotadilar. Biz buni to'liq tushunamiz. "

Dag Karlson, 2019 yil[75]

1998 yil 21 iyunda sotib olish bilan kelishilgan va imzolangan.[66] Learning Co., o'z hujumiga qarshi hujumni davom ettirib, raqibi Broderbund Software Inc-ni blokirovka qiluvchi Myst blokini ishlab chiqaruvchisi, taxminan 416 million dollarga baholangan birja bitimini sotib olishga rozi bo'ldi.

O'sha mart oyida Broderbund xarajatlarni kamaytirish va qayta qurish kampaniyasi doirasida 70 ishchini ishdan bo'shatdi.[76] Broderbund Software Inc. xarajatlarni kamaytirish uchun 70 nafar xodimni yoki butun dunyo bo'ylab 1100 kishilik ishchi kuchining 6,4 foizini ishdan bo'shatganligini aytdi. [77]

1998 yil 23 iyun. Learning Co. Broderbundni 416 million dollarlik bitimga sotib olishga rozilik beradi. Agar kelishuv regulyatorlar va aktsiyadorlar tomonidan ma'qullansa, bu Learningning 1994 yildan beri 14-sotib olishi bo'ladi va dastur ishlab chiqaruvchisi Kembrij (Mass.) Ni 1-o'ringa olib chiqadi. ta'lim dasturlari uchun 500 million dollarlik chakana bozorda, bu bozorning 40 foiziga yaqin. Shuningdek, bu Learning-ning bozorda mahsuldorlik dasturiy ta'minoti uchun kuchli ta'sirini kuchaytiradi, ...[78] Broderbund marketing bo'yicha vitse-prezidenti Loran Tanni. "Va biz jiddiy marj bosimi va jiddiy narxlar bosimini boshdan kechirdik".[79] 1998 yil 2 oktyabr - Mindscape Entertainment Payshanba kuni Red Orb Entertainment brendi ostidagi o'yinlarni qo'llab-quvvatlashni davom ettirishini e'lon qildi, Mindscape kompaniyasining ota-onasi Learning Company tomonidan Red Orb-ni boshqaradigan Broderbund bilan birlashganda. [74] Red Orb-dan o'yin ishlab chiqaruvchilar qatori Mindscape ofislariga ham ko'chib o'tishlari kutilmoqda. Ikkala kompaniyaning bosh qarorgohi Novato, Kaliforniya shahrida joylashgan; Mindscape - bu Learning Company kompaniyasining o'yinlar bo'limi.[80]

1998 yil 9-noyabr - Learning Company yaqinda sotib olingan Broderbundda 500 kishini yoki barcha xodimlarning 42 foizini ishdan bo'shatdi. . Yong'inlar noyabr oyining o'rtalarida yopiladigan Broderbund shahridagi Petaluma shahridagi Kaliforniya shtatidagi Novato shtatidagi shtab-kvartirada bo'lib o'tdi, Stiven Frankel, Adams Harkness tahlilchisi. "Rassomning kunlari o'tdi. Bu marketing, javon maydoni va pul ishlash haqida." Learning Company "Broderbundni odamlar uchun emas, balki brend uchun sotib oldi.".[81] 1990-yillarning oxiri davomida Learning Company (sobiq SoftKey) "charchagan brendlar yukiga tushgan", tadqiqotlar va ishlanmalarni qisqartirganlikda va ishlab chiqaruvchi kompaniyalar tomonidan yangi dasturiy ta'minotga sarmoya kiritmasdan, eski mahsulotlarni do'kon va dorixonalar orqali qayta qadoqlashga e'tibor qaratishda ayblangan. sotib olingan.[82] SoftKey kabi kompaniyalarni sotib olish orqali ko'plab etakchi brendlarni sotib oldi Broderbund, Mindscape va Ijodiy mo''jizalar. Kompaniya bozorda eng taniqli ta'lim, ko'ngil ochish va uy mahsuldorligi brendlariga ega edi. Bularga kiritilgan O'quvchi quyon, Karmen Sandiego, Oregon shtati, Myst, Riven, Matbaa do'koniva PrintMaster. Kompaniya "asosan toshli toshlar bilan sotib olish yo'li bilan qurilgan biznesning darslikdagi namunasi" deb ta'riflangan.[iqtibos kerak]

Mattel-ga sotish

1998 yil kuzida, Mattel "Learning Company" ni aktsiyadorlik birlashmasida kompaniyani taxminan 4,2 milliard dollarga baholagan holda sotib olishga kelishib oldi. Mattel "Learning Company" ni ham sotgan Mattel Interactive 2000 yilda Gores Technology guruhiga zarar bilan. 1999 yilda, Mattel Bosh direktor Jill Barad SoftKey kompaniyasining aktsiyalari narxidagi pasayishni pasayishi va o'z mahsulotlarini bolalarga yo'naltirilgan unvonlar bilan kengaytirish uchun sotib olishga taklif qildi.[83] Sotishdan bir necha hafta o'tgach, Moliyaviy tadqiqotlar va tahlillar markazi sud buxgalteriya hisobi firmasi Mattelni tanqid qiluvchi hisobotini e'lon qildi. Mattelning yangi TLC raqamli bo'linmasining prezidenti lavozimiga ishga qabul qilingan O'Liri bir necha oy ichida aktsiyadorlarning 2 milliard dollar qiymatini yo'qotishdan bir necha oy oldin o'z aktsiyalarini 6 million dollarga sotdi.[1] Dasturiy ta'minot unvoniga ega bo'lishiga qaramay, kompaniya o'sha yili 82,4 million dollar yo'qotdi, chunki sotib olish bilan bog'liq bir qator muammolar, shu jumladan asosiy tarqatish bitimining yo'qolishi va sotuvchilardan sotilmagan mahsulotlarning yuqori rentabelligi.[84] Mattelning umumiy moliyaviy zarari 3,6 milliard dollarni tashkil qilishi taxmin qilinmoqda.[85] 1998 yil 14 dekabrda Mattel, Inc. va Learning Company o'zlarining ikkita kompaniyalarini birlashtirish bo'yicha aniq bitimni imzolaganliklarini e'lon qildilar, bu ikkala direktorlar kengashi tomonidan bir ovozdan tasdiqlandi.[86]

Mattel bosh direktori Djil Baradning aytishicha, kompaniya o'zining barcha brendlari uchun to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Internet-sotuvlarini amalga oshirishni kutmoqda va kelgusi bir necha yil ichida onlayn ravishda 1 milliard dollarlik savdolarni amalga oshirishni rejalashtirmoqda.[30] The Learning Company (TLC) aktsiyalari uchun juma kungi yopilish narxidan 3,8 milliard dollarlik sotib olish shartnomasida 16 foiz ustama to'laydi.[87] Maykl Perik, rais va bosh ijrochi direktor va Kevin O'Liri, prezident, ikkalasi ham birlashish tugagandan so'ng Mattel boshqaruv guruhiga qo'shilishadi.[86] Learning Company, Inc. (NYSE: TLC) bugun ikkala kompaniya aktsiyadorlari The Learning Company va Mattel kompaniyalarining birlashishini ma'qullash uchun ovoz berganligini e'lon qildi. 1999 yil 7 may - ikkala kompaniya aktsiyadorlari birlashishni ma'qullash uchun ovoz berishdi. Kompaniyalar 1999 yil 13 mayda birlashishni yakunlashni kutmoqdalar[88] Jill E. Barad, Mattelning raisi va bosh ijrochi direktori "Ushbu birlashma Mattelga 1 milliard dollarlik dasturiy ta'minot bo'linmasini beradi, chunki uning misli ko'rilmagan brendli kontent portfeli va foyda darajasi bizning an'anaviy biznesimiznikidan oshib ketadi".[89] Kompaniya Mattelning yangi Mattel Interactive bo'linmasiga joylashtirildi.[90]

Natijada

Savdo to'lqinlanganligini isbotladi. kompaniyaning pastki qatoriga qo'shilishi kerak bo'lgan sotib olish faqat sezilarli yo'qotishlarga olib keldi, chunki kutilganidan past sotish inventarizatsiya qilish muammolariga va diskontlashga olib keldi.[91] 1999 yilning 4-choragida Mattel yana 184 million dollar zarar ko'rdi, bu yana birinchi navbatda Learning Company-da sotuvlar pasayganligi sababli.[31] Learning Co kompaniyasining asoschilari va rahbarlari Maykl Perik va Kevin O'Liri kompaniyani tark etishdi.[92] Keyinchalik Moliyaviy tadqiqotlar va tahlillar markazining hisobotlarida Learning Co.ni sotib olish paytida Mattel tomonidan tegishli tekshiruvlar o'tkazilmaganligi ta'kidlangan.[31]. 2000 yil yanvar oyida Mattel ushbu dasturni aylantirish uchun dasturning hurmatli rahbari Bernard Stolarni yollaganligini e'lon qildi.[93] 2000 yil 3 fevralda Jill E. Barad kompaniya raisi va bosh ijrochi direktori lavozimidan iste'foga chiqdi.[94] 1999 yilgi yillik hisobot "1999 yildagi yomon xabar afsuski xushxabarni soya qilib qo'ydi. Biz barchamiz Learning Company kompaniyasini sotib olish va uning keyingi natijalari bizning 1999 yildagi natijalarimizga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatganini juda yaxshi bilamiz" deb boshladi. [90]

Telegraph buni "so'nggi tarixdagi eng yomon xarobalardan biri" deb hisoblaydi.[95] O'yinchoqlar bo'yicha tahlilchi Margaret Uitfild Taker Entoni Kliari Guldan, "Bu Mattel uchun falokat bo'ldi".[96] Bloomberg "barcha vaqtlardagi eng yomon xaridlardan biri" sifatida ta'kidladi [97] Sotib olish 1990-yillarning o'rtalarida ta'limni rivojlantirishning nihoyasiga etdi. The Learning Company o'quv dizayn departamentining sobiq menejeri Tobi Levenson ta'lim "toksik so'z" ga aylanganini va Ish haftaligi sotib olishni barcha davrlarning eng yomon bitimlaridan biri deb atagan.[1] CNBC uni barcha vaqtlardagi eng yomon qo'shilishlar ro'yxatiga kiritdi.[98] Learning Company (sobiq SoftKey) ta'lim sohasiga uzoq muddatli ta'sir ko'rsatdi - "Ko'p yillar davomida ta'lim mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqaruvchilar ularning qiziqishini xohlamaydilar, chunki bu" ta'lim "deb nomlanishi mumkin edi va bu sizning mablag'ingizga zarar etkazadi . ”[99] Aksiyadorlar uni hibsga olinmaslik, xarajatlarni kamaytirish uslubini yaxshi ko'rishardi va unga bitimlar tuzish uchun milliardlab mablag 'sarflashdi.[100]

Gores Technology Group-ga sotish

2000 yil 3 aprel - Mattel, Inc bugun o'zining Direktorlar Kengashi, asosan, Learning Company aktivlaridan iborat dasturiy ta'minot biznesini sotish yoki tasarruf etish uchun yordam berish uchun Credit Suisse First Boston investitsiya bankini yollaganligini e'lon qildi.[101][102] Maykl Perkins, "" Kidware: Childre uchun dasturiy ta'minot uchun ota-onalar uchun qo'llanma "ning muallifi," "Ular, shubhasiz, allaqachon tushgan biznesni sotib oldilar, u allaqachon pastga tushgan".[103] 2000 yil 29 sentyabr - Gores Technology Group (GTG), etakchi xalqaro sotib olish va boshqarish bo'yicha etakchi kompaniya, bugun "Learning Company" ni sotib olganligini e'lon qildi va "Learning Company" ning uchta bo'linmasini: Entertainment, Productivity and Education tashkil etdi.[104] Sotib olish to'g'risidagi shartnomaga ko'ra, Mattel "Learning Company" ning faoliyatini moliyalashtirish uchun boshqa majburiyatlarga ega emas.[105] Los-Anjelesdagi Gores Technology Group raisi Alec Gores, Learning Co.dan olti oydan kam vaqt ichida foyda ko'rishini kutayotganini aytdi.[106] 2000 yil 19 oktyabr - Gores Technology Group (GTG) bugun Learning Company kompaniyasini sotib olishni yakunlaganligini aytdi.[107] Sotish natijasida Mattel to'xtatilgan operatsiyalardan soliqdan keyingi 441 million dollarlik zararni qayd etdi, bu asosan Learning Company-ga sarmoyalarini bekor qilish bilan bog'liq.[108] Mattel oxir-oqibat kelgusi foyda ulushi uchun kompaniyani The Gores Group, LLC (GTG) ga sotdi. Hisobotda Gores, Mattel kompaniyasining SoftKey-ning toshli birikmalarini qanday yig'ishni biladi deb o'ylamasliklarini aytib, ular bir binoda ishlagan bo'lishlariga qaramay, bir-birlari bilan hech qachon uchrashmagan bir nechta internet-kompaniyalar borligini ta'kidladilar.[iqtibos kerak]

TLC daromad keltirdi va Ubisoft-ga qismlarga bo'lib sotildi; Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

2001 yil 5 mart - Gores Technology Group (GTG) va Learning Company (TLC) bugun Ta'lim Kompaniyasi GTGga egalik qilgan dastlabki 75 kun ichida operatsion foyda ko'rganligini e'lon qildi.[109] Learning Company kompaniyasining foydasi - kuniga 1,5 million dollardan ziyod zarardan - kompaniyaning tuzilishini joriy daromadlar va foyda ko'rsatkichlariga muvofiqroq bo'lishini ta'minlash va kompaniyaning eng ko'p sotiladigan brendlariga e'tiborni qaratish orqali erishildi. "[109] Gores ushbu qismning xalqaro va tarqatish bo'limlaridan 300 ga yaqin odamni ishdan bo'shatib, uning ishchi kuchini taxminan 1200 kishiga etkazdi.[110] Gores also signed an agreement to sell the Learning Company's entertainment division, with about 60 employees, to Ubi Soft Entertainment.[110] March 7, 2001 - Ubi Soft has signed a deal with parent company, Gores Technology Group, for the acquisition of the entertainment division of The Learning Company; gives Ubi Soft the exclusive publishing rights to 88 titles including Myst.[111] In 2001, Gores sold SoftKey's entertainment holdings to Ubisoft, and most of the other holdings including edutainment series and the brand name The Learning Company to Irish company Riverdeep Interaktiv Ta'lim, which evolved into Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH).[112] Following the split some of The Learning Company offices relocated, including their archives. In the process the unlabelled archives were mislaid in off-site storage and archives such as those of WordStar haven't been rediscovered.[113] HMH released several book sets under The Learning Company brand umbrella, including Oregon Trail Adventures, The Little Box of Love, va The Little Box of Laughs.[114] In April 2018, The Learning Company brand ceased to be used by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.[iqtibos kerak]

Dasturlarning sarlavhalari

  • Dengiz ostidagi 20000 ligalar [115]
  • Air Power: The US Air Force in Action [116]
  • The American Heritage Talking Dictionary [117]
  • Angst: Rahz's Revenge
  • ArtRageous: The Amazing World of Art [118]
  • Arthur's Reading Race [119]
  • Astrorok [120]
  • The Bible: A Multimedia Experience[121]
  • BodyWorks 5.0 : the complete multimedia guide to human anatomy[122]
  • Comanche CD (Budget CD-Rom Release)
  • Design It! 3-D
  • DinoPark Tycoon[123]
  • Dr. Health'nstein's Body Fun
  • Dr. Schueler's Home Medical Advisor Pro[124]
  • Dr SeussABC [119]
  • Yomg'ir qurti Jim
  • Explorers of the New World[125]
  • Falcon AT
  • Buzg'unchining parvozi
  • Green Eggs And Ham [119]
  • Hubble kosmik teleskopi[126]
  • Infopedia[127]
  • JetStrike[128]
  • Just Grandma And Me [119]
  • Key Accounting (aka Painless Accounting)
  • Key Cad Complete for Windows [129]
  • KeyChart[130]
  • Key Clipart series[131]
  • Key Database Plus
  • Key Fonts[132]
  • KeyMailer
  • KeyPublisher by Softkey Software Products Inc. (1991)
  • Koshan Conspiracy[133]
  • Lamborghini: American Challenge[134]
  • Leonardo, the inventor : take a look inside the greatest mind the world has ever known.[135]
  • Lynn Fischer's Healthy Indulgences[136]
  • Me and my world:(multimedia picture dictionary).[137]
  • Megafortress & Patriot
  • MPC Wizard[138]
  • Multipedia[139]
  • The Muppet Calendar[140]
  • Oregon shtati: Classic Edition for DOS[141]
  • Oregon Trail II[142]
  • The Otter's Adventure[143]
  • Pocket and Tails Go Exploring[144]
  • PC PaintBrush Clipart Collection For Windows (ISBN 1-56434-687-0)[144]
  • Pocket and Tails Go to Town[145]
  • Pro Landscaper 3-D[146]
  • Shadows of Cairn[147]
  • Shelley Duvall's Tales of Digby the Dog[148]
  • Silent Service 2[149]
  • SoftKey Weekend[150]
  • Solitaire Antics
  • Spanish to Go![151]
  • Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Calendar[152]
  • Tom Kite Golf
  • Troggle Trouble Math[153]
  • Uchta kichik cho'chqa [119]
  • Endi yozing
  • Wordstar for Windows Version 2[154]
  • WarWind 2: Human Onslaught
  • Labels Unlimited for Windows[155]

Tashqi havolalar

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  116. ^ Air power: the U.S. Air Force in action. 1995 yil 17-iyul. OCLC 39734008.
  117. ^ SoftKey International Inc (17 July 1995). The American Heritage talking dictionary. SoftKey. OCLC 38959902.
  118. ^ SoftKey International Inc (17 July 1995). ArtRageous!: the amazing world of art. Softkey International. OCLC 222224231.
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  121. ^ SoftKey International Inc; World Library, Inc (17 July 1999). The Bible: a multimedia experience. Learning Co. OCLC 43689223.
  122. ^ BodyWorks 5.0: the complete multimedia guide to human anatomy. 17 July 1993. OCLC 34314842.
  123. ^ SoftKey International Inc (17 July 1995). DinoPark tycoon. SoftKey International Inc. OCLC 35845074.
  124. ^ SoftKey Multimedia Inc (17 July 1997). Dr. Schueler's home medical advisor pro. Softkey. OCLC 319894925.
  125. ^ SoftKey Multimedia Inc (17 July 1999). Explorers of the New World. SoftKey Multimedia. OCLC 45795055.
  126. ^ Hubble kosmik teleskopi. SoftKey Multimedia. 1995 yil 17-iyul. OCLC 33346900.
  127. ^ SoftKey Multimedia Inc (17 July 1996). Infopedia 2.0. SoftKey Multimedia Inc. OCLC 695597879.
  128. ^ Jetstrike: the ultimate surprise attack. SoftKey ; [Eksp. Indbindingscentralen. 1995 yil 17-iyul. OCLC 472732146.
  129. ^ Hard Copy of program's Instruction Manual
  130. ^ Keychart. 17 July 1987. OCLC 22456636.
  131. ^ SoftKey Multimedia Inc (17 July 1995). KEY mega ClipArt 15,000. SoftKey. OCLC 42915334.
  132. ^ Key fonts pro: CD-ROM for Windows & Mac. 17 July 1994. OCLC 34159677.
  133. ^ Softkey Multimedia (17 July 1993). The Koshan conspiracy. Softkey. OCLC 222149768.
  134. ^ SoftKey International (17 July 1995). Lamborghini: American challenge. SoftKey Multimedia. OCLC 38859412.
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  137. ^ SoftKey Multimedia Inc (17 July 1995). Me and my world: [multimedia picture dictionary. SoftKey. OCLC 38426305.
  138. ^ SoftKey International Inc (17 July 1994). MPC wizard: test & tune your manual multimedia PC. SoftKey International. OCLC 32301269.
  139. ^ SoftKey International Inc (17 July 1995). Multipedia: the reference library that starts where your encyclopedia leaves off. SoftKey Multimedia. OCLC 37016199.
  140. ^ The Muppet calendar. Softkey. 1995 yil 17-iyul. OCLC 49297435.
  141. ^ SoftKey Multimedia Inc (17 July 1996). Oregon shtati. SoftKey. OCLC 35923659.
  142. ^ Minnesota Educational Computing Corporation; SoftKey Multimedia Inc; Learning Company (17 July 1997). Oregon Trail II. Learning Co. OCLC 47630963.
  143. ^ The Otter's adventure. SoftKey International. 1995 yil 17-iyul. OCLC 224956581.
  144. ^ a b Optical Data Corporation; SoftKey Data Corporation (17 July 1995). Pocket & Tails go exploring. SoftKey ; Optical Data Corp. OCLC 36661217.
  145. ^ Pocket & Tails go to town. 1995 yil 17-iyul. OCLC 965562713.
  146. ^ Pro landscaper 3-D. 1997 yil 17-iyul. OCLC 222595034.
  147. ^ Shadows of Cairn. 1995 yil 17-iyul. OCLC 37488752.
  148. ^ Duvall, Shelley; Sanctuary Woods Multimedia Corporation; SoftKey International Inc (17 July 1994). Shelley Duvall's Tales of Digby the dog. Sanctuary Woods Multimedia : SoftKey International. OCLC 35120535.
  149. ^ Silent service II. SoftKey ; [Eksp. Indbindingscentralen. 1995 yil 17-iyul. OCLC 471332913.
  150. ^ SoftKey Multimedia Inc (17 July 1995). SoftKey weekend. SoftKey Multimedia. OCLC 33986770.
  151. ^ RXL Pulitzer; SoftKey (17 July 1996). Spanish to go!. SoftKey. OCLC 39009997.
  152. ^ Sports illustrated swimsuit calendar. SoftKey International. 17 July 1994. OCLC 47940006.
  153. ^ SoftKey Multimedia Inc (17 July 1996). Troggle trouble math. SoftKey Multimedia. OCLC 422695128.
  154. ^ Box, User Manual and license key. No diskette or CD.
  155. ^ SoftKey Multimedia Inc (17 July 1997). Labels unlimited: your total professional labeling system. Softkey Multimedia Inc. OCLC 39706385.

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