WikiDer > Maxsus advokatning tekshiruvi (2017–2019)

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2017 yil 17-maydagi buyruq, a maxsus maslahat tergov qilish Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi

2019 yil 18 aprelda, a qayta tahrirlangan versiyasi Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlariga aralashuvini tekshirish bo'yicha hisobot jamoatchilikka e'lon qilindi.

Ushbu maqola qismidir haqida bir qator Donald Tramp
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Prezidenti Amaldagi prezident Prezidentlik O'tish Inauguratsiya Xronologiya Ijro etuvchi harakatlar e'lonlari afv etish Sayohatlar xalqaro Shimoliy Koreya sammitlari Singapur Xanoy DMZ Xelsinki sammiti O'chirish Yanvar 2018 2018–19 So'rovnomalar Sud ishlari Namoyishlar Avliyo Ioann cherkovining fotosurati Ijtimoiy tarmoqlar Bayonotlarning to'g'riligi Qotilliklar al-Bag'dodiy Soleymani Covid-19 pandemiyasi Vazifa kuchlari Aloqa Hukumatning javobi G'amxo'rlik to'g'risidagi qonun Warp Speed ​​operatsiyasi Oq uyning tarqalishi Ilmiy agentliklarga aralashish Uchrashuvlar Kabinet spekülasyon Elchilar Federal sudyalar Gorsuch Kavanaugh Barret Oliy sudga nomzodlar Ijrochilar AQSh advokatlari Avvalgi Komi Siyosatlar Iqtisodiyot soliq imtiyozlari ACA individual mandatini bekor qilish tariflar Xitoy savdo urushi Atrof muhit Parijdan chiqish Tashqi siyosat Amerika birinchi Eron bitimi Ko'rfaz inqirozi Quddus Golan balandliklari Trampning tinchlik rejasi Ibrohim kelishuvlari BAA Bahrayn Sudan USMCA Kosovo-Serbiya shartnomasi Immigratsiya sayohat qilishga taqiq devor oilaviy ajralish muhojirlarni hibsga olish qo'shinlarni joylashtirish milliy favqulodda holat Infratuzilma Ijtimoiy muammolar nasha Bo'shliq Kosmik kuchlar Impichment Dastlabki harakatlar Trump-Ukraina mojarosi So'rov va tinglovlar Senat sudi Prezidentlik kampaniyalari 2000 boshlang'ich saylovlar 2016 saylov boshlang'ich saylovlar tasdiqlash mitinglar anjuman munozaralar Hech qachon Trump harakati odamlar jinsiy zo'ravonlik ayblovlari Gollivudga kirish lenta ayblovlarni tinglash Spygate 2020 saylov boshlang'ich saylovlar tasdiqlash siyosiy siyosiy bo'lmagan muxolifat mitinglar anjuman munozaralar Saylovdagi firibgarliklar to'g'risidagi da'volarga GOP reaktsiyalari Rossiya bilan o'zaro aloqalar Rossiyadagi biznes loyihalar Saylovga aralashish vaqt jadvali 2016 yil iyulidan oldin 2016 yil iyul - saylov kuni mavzular Associatesning Rossiya rasmiylari bilan aloqalari Po'lat hujjatlar Trump minorasi uchrashuvi Maxfiy ma'lumotlarni oshkor qilish Maxsus advokatning tekshiruvi Crossfire dovuli ayblovlar Myullerning hisoboti Barr xati Senatning Razvedka qo'mitasi Rossiya hisoboti Ish va shaxsiy Biznes martaba Tramp tashkiloti boylik soliq deklaratsiyalari Media karerasi Shogird Kitoblar Filmografiya Eponimlar Oila Jamg'arma Ajdodlar Golf Hurmat Ommaviy madaniyatda SNL parodiyalar Huquqiy ishlar Bo'ronli Daniels Taxalluslar Taxalluslar Irqiy qarashlar Turar joylar
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Birinchi Maxsus advokatning tekshiruvi tergov edi Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi, Donald Trampning sheriklari va Rossiya rasmiylari o'rtasidagi aloqalar va mumkin odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish Tramp tomonidan olib borilgan maxsus prokuror Robert Myuller 2017 yil mayidan 2019 yil martigacha Rossiya tergovi, Myuller tekshiruvi, va Myuller tergovi.^[1][2] Maxsus maslahatchi tayinlanishidan oldin, Federal tergov byurosi (FQB) 2016 yil iyulidan boshlab Rossiya tezkor xodimlari va uning a'zolari tomonidan olib borilayotgan ishlarni yashirin ravishda tekshirmoqda Trumpning prezidentlik kampaniyasi, kod nomi ostida "Crossfire dovuli".^[3] Tergov bilan yakunlandi Myullerning hisoboti Trampning saylovoldi kampaniyasi Rossiyaning aralashuvini olqishlagan va bundan foyda ko'rishini kutgan bo'lsa-da, Trampga yoki uning sheriklariga qarshi fitna ayblovlarini ilgari surish uchun etarli dalillar yo'q edi. Hisobotda Adliya vazirligining o'tirgan prezidentning federal ayblov xulosasini taqiqlovchi ko'rsatmasiga asoslanib, sudga to'sqinlik qilish to'g'risida xulosa qilinmadi.^[4][5][6]

2017 yil may oyida, Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn FBIning ishini olib borish uchun sobiq FBI direktori Myullerni tayinladi.^[7] Keyinchalik Rozenshteyn Kongressga xabar berganidek, u Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlariga aralashuvi va FQB direktori vazifasini bajaruvchi Endryu Makkeybning tergovni olib borish imkoniyatlariga oid doimiy xavotirlari sababli maxsus maslahatchi sifatida foydalanishni tanladi. , ammo o'sha paytda Senat tomonidan tasdiqlangan AQSh advokatlarining yo'qligi, u boshqa birovni tayinlashi kerakligini anglatadi. Myuller uning fikriga ko'ra munosib tanlov edi.^[8] Uning vakolatli hujjatiga binoan,^[9] tergov doirasi orasida "aloqalar va / yoki muvofiqlashtirish" da'volari mavjud edi Rossiya hukumati va Trump kampaniyasi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan shaxslar.^[10][11] Shuningdek, Myullerga "tergov bilan bevosita bog'liq bo'lgan yoki yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan har qanday masalani" davom ettirish majburiyati yuklatilgan. Tekshiruv a jinoyat ishi bo'yicha tergov bu potentsialni ko'rib chiqdi odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish Prezident Trampga va uning saylovoldi kampaniyasi a'zolariga yoki uning ma'muriyatiga qarshi ayblovlar.^[12] The New York Times 2020 yil avgust oyida Rozenshteyn 2017 yil may oyida Federal Qidiruv Byurosining Trampning Rossiyadagi shaxsiy va moliyaviy muomalalari bo'yicha surishtiruvini cheklab qo'ygani, bu byuroga maxsus maslahat uni tekshiradi degan taassurot qoldirgani haqida xabar bergan edi, ammo Rozenshteyn Myullerga ko'rsatma bermagan edi.^[13][14]

Tergov rasmiy ravishda 2019 yil 22 martda yakunlandi Myullerning hisoboti topshirilgan Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barr.^[15] Barr Bosh prokuror bo'lishidan oldin tergovni tanqidiy tanqid qilgan edi. A qayta tahrirlangan hisobotning versiyasi 2019 yil 18 aprelda jamoatchilikka e'lon qilindi. Hisobot shunday degan xulosaga keldi Internet tadqiqot agentligi"s ijtimoiy tarmoqlar saylov kampaniyasi Trampning prezidentlikka nomzodini Klinton va Rossiya razvedkasiga hujum paytida qo'llab-quvvatladi buzilgan va zararli moddalarni chiqarib yubordi Klinton kampaniyasi va turli Demokratik partiya tashkilotlari.^[16] Tekshiruv "Rossiya hukumati va Tramp kampaniyasi o'rtasidagi ko'plab aloqalarni aniqladi" va Trump kampaniyasi Rossiyaning xakerlik harakatlaridan "saylovlar foydasini kutishini" aniqladi. Biroq, oxir-oqibat "tergov Trump kampaniyasi a'zolari fitna uyushtirganligini yoki Rossiya hukumati bilan saylovlardagi aralashuv faoliyatida kelishilganligini aniqlamadi".^[17][18][19] Dalillar shifrlangan, o'chirilgan yoki saqlanmagan xabarlar, shuningdek yolg'on, to'liqsiz yoki rad etilgan ko'rsatmalar tufayli to'liq bo'lmasligi kerak edi.^[20][21] Keyinchalik Myullerning ta'kidlashicha, Rossiyaning aralashuvi bo'yicha tergov xulosasi "har bir amerikalikning e'tiboriga loyiqdir".^[22]

Prezident Tramp tomonidan odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish to'g'risida tergov "Prezident jinoyat sodir etgan degan xulosaga kelmaydi",^[23] chunki tergovchilar o'tirgan prezidentga nisbatan ayblov e'lon qilmaydi Yuridik maslahat xizmati (OLC) fikri va sudda ismini tozalay olmasa, uni jinoyatda ayblamaydi.^[24][25] Biroq, tergov "prezidentning" huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari tergoviga ortiqcha ta'sir o'tkazishga qodir bo'lgan "davlat va xususiy harakatlarini" topib, "Trampni" oqlamaydi ".^[26] Prezident tomonidan yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan to'siqlarning o'nta epizodi tasvirlangan.^[27][28] Hisobotda aytilishicha Kongress Trump adolatga to'sqinlik qiladimi, qaror qabul qilishi mumkin,^[29] va unga qarshi choralar ko'rish vakolatiga ega.^[30][31][32] Bosh prokuror Barr va Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod RozenshteynMyuller tekshiruviga vakolat bergan, 2019 yil 24 martda sud qaroriga to'sqinlik qilish to'g'risidagi qarorni aniqlash uchun dalillar etarli emas deb qaror qildi.^[33] 2019 yil 29 mayda iste'foga chiqqandan so'ng, Myuller: "Konstitutsiya jinoiy adliya tizimidan boshqa jarayonni rasmiy ravishda o'tirgan prezidentni qonunbuzarlikda ayblashini talab qiladi", deb ta'kidladi.^[34][35][22] 2019 yil iyulda Myuller Kongressga prezident lavozimini tark etgandan keyin sudga (yoki boshqa jinoyatlarga) to'sqinlik qilganlikda ayblanishi mumkinligi to'g'risida guvohlik berdi.^[36]

Rossiya saylovlariga aralashganligi haqidagi asl da'volar

AQSh hukumatining 2016 yilgi saylovlarga ta'sir o'tkazishga qaratilgan Rossiya harakatlariga oid birinchi jamoatchilik fikri senatorning 2016 yil 22 sentyabrdagi qo'shma bayonotida keltirilgan Dianne Faynshteyn va uyning a'zosi Adam Shiff, eng yaxshi demokratlar Senat va Uyning razvedka qo'mitalarinavbati bilan.^[37][38] AQSh razvedka hamjamiyati o'n besh kundan keyin shunga o'xshash bayonot tarqatdi.^[39][40]

2017 yil yanvar oyida The Office tomonidan baholash e'lon qilindi Milliy razvedka direktori, keyin Obama tayinlagan Jeyms KlapperRossiya rahbariyati prezidentlikka nomzodni ma'qul ko'rdi, deb ta'kidladi Donald Tramp raqib nomzod ustidan Hillari Klinton, deb qo'shib qo'ydi Rossiya prezidenti Vladimir Putin shaxsan Klintonning saylov imkoniyatlariga ziyon etkazish va "AQShning demokratik jarayoniga jamoat ishonchini buzish" uchun "ta'sir kampaniyasini" buyurgan edi.^[41] Aytishlaricha Rossiya hukumati aralashdi ichida 2016 yilgi prezident saylovi Tramp nomzodlarini kuchaytirish orqali, Berni Sandersva Jil Shteyn Qo'shma Shtatlarda siyosiy beqarorlikni oshirish va ularga zarar etkazish maqsadida Klintonning prezidentlik saylovoldi tashviqoti.^[42][43]

Kelib chiqishi va kuchlari

FTBning asl tergovlari

Maxsus maslahatchi tayinlanganda Rod Rozenshteyn 2017 yil may oyida maxsus maslahat mavjudini egallab oldi qarshi razvedka tomonidan tergov Federal tergov byurosi (FBI) nima ekanligini isbotladi Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi va juda ko'p yashirin Trampning sheriklari va Rossiya rasmiylari o'rtasidagi aloqalar.^[44] Xabarlarga ko'ra, Avstraliya rasmiylari Amerika rasmiylariga 2016 yil may oyida Tramp prezidentligi uchun saylov kampaniyasining maslahatchisi, Jorj Papadopulos, dedi Avstraliyaning Britaniyadagi Oliy komissari, Aleksandr DounerRossiya rasmiylari siyosiy zarar etkazuvchi ma'lumotlarga egalik qilishgan Hillari Klinton, Demokratik partiyadan Trampga prezidentlikka raqib nomzod. FQB ushbu ma'lumotlarga javoban 2016 yil 31 iyulda Trampning sheriklari va Rossiya rasmiylari o'rtasidagi aloqalarni tekshirishni boshlaganligi sababli, Papadopulos va Dauner o'rtasidagi uchrashuv Myuller tergoviga sabab bo'lgan "uchqun" deb hisoblanadi.^[45] 2018 yil fevral oyida Nunes xotirasi, uchun xodimlar tomonidan yozilgan AQSh vakili Devin NunesPapadopulos haqidagi ma'lumotlar FQBning dastlabki tergovining "ochilishiga turtki berganligini" ta'kidladi.^[46] o'rniga Trump-Rossiya hujjati ning Kristofer Stil (quyida ko'rib chiqing), boshqalar qatori Trump, Nunes, Fox News-ning boshlovchilari Stiv Dusi, Ed Anri, Taker Karlson, Shon Xanniti va Fox News-ning ishtirokchisi Endryu Makkarti.^[47][48][49]

Maxsus maslahatchi, shuningdek, Prezident Tramp tomonidan sodir etilganmi yoki yo'qligi to'g'risida Federal qidiruv byurosining tekshiruvini olib bordi odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilishTrampnikidan keyin sakkiz kun ichida boshlangan ishdan bo'shatish FBI direktori Jeyms Komi. CNN 2018 yil dekabrida o'sha paytda FBI direktori vazifasini bajarganligi haqida xabar bergan Endryu Makkeyb tergovni Rozenshteyn tomonidan yozma ravishda tavsiya etilgan Komining otib tashlanishi asosida boshlandi Komeyning eslatmasi- shuningdek, Komining Tramp undan Trampning milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha sobiq maslahatchisi Maykl Flinni tekshirishni to'xtatishni so'raganligi haqidagi da'vosi.^[7] 2019 yil fevral oyida Makkeyb Federal Qidiruv Byurosidan chetlatilganidan so'ng, u shu sabablarga ko'ra adolatni tekshirishga to'sqinlik qilishni boshlaganini tasdiqladi va Trampning Tramp sheriklari va Rossiyaga nisbatan o'tkazilgan tergovni "jodugar ovi" sifatida ko'p marotaba tasvirlashi kabi qo'shimcha sabablarni keltirdi. go'yo Tramp Bosh prokuror o'rinbosariga aytganidek Rod Rozenshteyn Rozenshteynning eslatmasida Rossiya tergovini eslatib, Komini ishdan bo'shatishni tavsiya etishni va Trampning Rossiya elchisiga bergan izohlarini va NBC telekanalining Komining ishdan bo'shatilishini Rossiya tergoviga aloqadorligini aytdi.^[50]

Uchrashuv va asl nazorat

Media-ni ijro etish

Avvalgi Bosh prokuror Jeff Sessions uning e'lon qilgan bayonotini chiqaradi rad etish.

Maxsus advokat tekshiruvi Bosh prokuror tomonidan nazorat qilinadi.^[51] Savollardan keyin o'sha senator o'rtasidagi aloqalar to'g'risida savol tug'ildi Jeff Sessions va Rossiya elchisi Sergey Kislyak 2016 yilda Sessions Bosh prokuror etib tayinlangandan keyin qilgan birinchi ishlaridan biri edi rad etish Rossiyaning saylovlarga aralashuvi bilan bog'liq har qanday Adliya vazirligining tergovidan o'zi.^[52]

Bosh prokuror Sessiyalar ishdan bo'shatilgandan so'ng, Rossiyadagi 2016 yilgi saylovlar bo'yicha har qanday tergovni nazorat qilish nazoratiga tushdi Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn, Trump tomonidan tayinlangan. Uning nazorati doirasida Rozenshteyn tayinladi Robert Myuller 2017 yil may oyida "Rossiya hukumatining 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlariga ta'sir o'tkazish bo'yicha harakatlari va shu bilan bog'liq masalalar bo'yicha ilgari tasdiqlangan FQB tekshiruvini nazorat qilish" vakolatiga ega bo'lgan maxsus maslahatchi sifatida.^[53]

Rozenshteyn, agar u o'zi Komilining ishdan bo'shatilishidagi roli tufayli tergov sub'ektiga aylansa, Myuller ustidan nazoratdan voz kechishini aytdi.^[54] Agar Rozenshteyn o'zini rad qilsa, uning bu masaladagi vazifalari Adliya vazirligining uchinchi qo'mondoni, Bosh prokuror yordamchisi tomonidan qabul qilingan bo'lar edi. Xese Panuchchio.^[55] Hech bir voris bu idorani to'ldirmasa, Bosh advokat Noel Frantsisko Bosh prokurorning vakolatlarini o'z zimmasiga oladi.^[56]

Maxsus maslahat tayinlashning sabablari

Jeyms Komining ishdan bo'shatilishi

2017 yil 17-maydagi maxsus maslahat tayinlash, asosan demokratlar tomonidan prezident Trampga qarshi norozilik namoyishlari bo'lib o'tdi Federal qidiruv byurosi direktorini ishdan bo'shatish Jeyms Komi 2017 yil 9-may kuni.^[57][58] Kongressda Komining ishdan bo'shatilishiga munosabat sifatida 130 dan ortiq demokrat qonunchilar maxsus maslahatchi tayinlashni talab qildilar, 80 dan ortiq demokrat qonunchilar mustaqil tergov o'tkazishni talab qildilar, 40 dan ortiq respublikachilar esa savollar yoki tashvishlar bildirdi.^[59] Vaziyatni murakkablashtirgan holda, Komi matbuotga maxfiy ma'lumotlarni, Tramp undan Maykl Flinnga nisbatan tekshiruvni tugatishni iltimos qilgan intervyusidagi yozuvlarni tarqatishni tashkil qildi.^[60] Keyinchalik Komi bu harakati uchun Adliya vazirligi Bosh inspektori idorasi tomonidan tanbeh berilishi kerak edi.^[61] Tramp Komini tavsiyalari asosida ishdan bo'shatdi Bosh prokuror Jeff Sessions va Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn.^[62]

The New York Times 2019 yil 11 yanvarda FQB kontrrazvedkasi Trampning 2016 yilgi kampaniyasi davomida Rossiya bilan aloqalaridan xavotirga tushganini, ammo bunday nozik masalada qanday harakat qilish kerakligi to'g'risida ishonchsizlik tufayli tergovni to'xtatib qo'yganini xabar qildi. Komining ishdan bo'shatilishidan bir necha kun oldin va undan keyingi kunlarda Trampning xatti-harakatlari ularni Tramp Rossiya nomidan AQSh manfaatlariga qarshi bila turib yoki bilmagan holda ishlaganligini tekshirishni boshlashiga sabab bo'ldi. Federal qidiruv byurosi kontrrazvedka tekshiruvini Komining ishdan bo'shatilishi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan sud ishlarini olib borishda jinoiy to'siq bilan birlashtirdi. Myuller ushbu tergovni tayinlangandan so'ng o'z zimmasiga oldi, garchi uning qarshi razvedka tomonini tutganligi aniq emas edi.^[63]

Vakolat

Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn, aktyor rolida Bosh prokuror Bosh prokurorning rad etilishi sababli kampaniya bilan bog'liq masalalar bo'yicha Jeff Sessions, sobiq Myuller tayinlandi Federal qidiruv byurosi direktori, uchun maxsus maslahatchi sifatida xizmat qilish Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Adliya vazirligi (DOJ) tergov qilish vakolatiga ega Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvijumladan, Trampning har qanday aloqalari yoki muvofiqlashtirilishini o'rganish 2016 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi va Rossiya hukumati; "tergov bilan bevosita bog'liq bo'lgan yoki yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan har qanday masalalar"; va doirasidagi boshqa har qanday masalalar 28 C.F.R. § 600.4 (a).^[64]

Keyinchalik Rozenshteyn Kongressga xabar bergani kabi, u Federal qidiruv byurosining o'zi tekshiruvni nazorat qilish o'rniga, maxsus maslahatchidan foydalanishni tanladi, chunki FBI direktori vazifasini bajaruvchi Endryu Makkeyb tergovni boshqaradigan to'g'ri odam ekanligiga ishonmadi. Buning o'rniga u ilgari bo'lgani kabi maxsus maslahatchi tayinlaydi. AQSh advokatlari maxsus maslahatchi bo'lib ishlaydi, ammo 2017 yil may oyida o'sha paytda faqat uchta senat tomonidan tasdiqlangan AQSh advokatlari faoliyat yuritgan, senat yangi prezidentning nomzodlarini hali tasdiqlamagan va o'sha uch kishi kelguniga qadar avvalgi ma'muriyat tomonidan saqlanib qolgan. yangi advokatlar. Natijada, Rozenshteyn o'zining obro'si tufayli iste'fodagi bo'lsa ham, Robert Myullerni tanlashga qaror qildi.^[8]

Maxsus maslahatchi sifatida Myuller sudga chaqiruv berish huquqiga ega edi,^[65] xodimlarni yollash, mablag 'talab qilish va federal jinoyatlarni saylovdagi aralashuv bilan bog'liq ravishda, u fosh etishi mumkin bo'lgan boshqa jinoyatlar bilan birga.^[66] The konstitutsionlik o'tirgan prezidentni ayblash masalasi hal qilinmagan huquqiy savol bo'lib qolmoqda.^{[67][68][69][70]}

Topilmalarni e'lon qilish

2019 yil 18 aprelda, a qayta tahrirlangan versiyasi Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlariga aralashuvini tekshirish bo'yicha hisobot jamoatchilikka e'lon qilindi.

Maxsus maslahatchi qonuni, amaldagi bosh prokurorga maxfiy ravishda xulosalar to'g'risidagi hisobotni taqdim etish uchun maxsus maslahatchini talab qiladi. Bu holda bosh prokuror Uilyam Barr, keyin Kongressga xulosalarning qisqacha mazmunini taqdim etishni talab qiladi, garchi u qancha tafsilotlarni taqdim etganligi bo'yicha juda ko'p ixtiyorga ega. Myuller xulosalarining Kongressga va jamoatchilikka to'liq chiqarilishi ta'minlanmaydi.^[71] Agar Kongress taqdim etilgan xulosadan norozi bo'lsa, u Myullerning to'liq hisobotini chaqirishi va agar kerak bo'lsa, federal sudga murojaat qilishi mumkin. Kongress shuningdek Myullerni guvohlik berish uchun chaqirishi mumkin.^[72][73]

Oq uy advokatlari Barr Kongressga va jamoatchilikka taqdim etishga qaror qilgan har qanday xulosani oldindan ko'rib chiqishni kutmoqdalar. ijro etuvchi imtiyoz ichki hujjatlardan olingan ma'lumotlarni va Oq uy rasmiylari bilan suhbatlardan voz kechish.^[74] Sharhlovchilar ta'kidlashlaricha, agar qonunbuzarlik yoki noqonuniy xatti-harakatlardan himoya qilish bo'lsa, ijro etuvchi imtiyozdan foydalanish mumkin emas.^[75][76]

2019 yil 14 martda palata 420–0 ovozini “a” ni qo'llab-quvvatladi majburiy bo'lmagan qaror maxfiy yoki katta hakamlar hay'ati ma'lumotlarini hisobga olmaganda, to'liq maxsus maslahat hisobotini Kongress va jamoatchilikka etkazishga chaqirish.^[77] Xuddi shu kuni qonun loyihasi bir ovozdan roziligi uchun Senat muhokamasiga kiritildi, ammo senator tomonidan bloklandi Lindsi Grem, kim unga 2016 yilgi Klinton kampaniyasiga qarshi da'volarni tekshirish uchun maxsus maslahatchi tayinlashni talab qiladigan band kerak dedi.^[78] 15 mart kuni Tramp "Myullerning hisoboti bo'lmasligi kerak", deb aytdi, chunki "bu noqonuniy va qarama-qarshi tekshiruv edi".^{[iqtibos kerak]} Besh kundan keyin u "Men uyga:" Agar xohlasangiz, buni [jamoat] ko'rsin "deb aytdim", - deya qo'shimcha qildi, "bu Bosh prokurorga bog'liq".^[79][80] 2019 yil 25 martda Senatning ko'pchilik etakchisi Mitch Makkonnell ozchiliklar etakchisining harakatiga to'sqinlik qildi Chak Shumer Senat o'n bir kun oldin palata tomonidan tasdiqlangan xuddi shu qarorni qabul qilishi kerak.^[81]

Maxsus maslahatchi o'z hisobotini 2019 yil 22 martda Bosh prokuror Barrga etkazdi.^[82] Ikki kundan so'ng, 24 mart kuni Barr yubordi to'rt sahifali xat bayon qilgan Kongressga ma'ruza xulosalar Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlariga aralashuvi va odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish to'g'risida.^[10]

Barrning ta'kidlashicha, hisobot aprel oyining o'rtalariga qadar Kongressga etkaziladi va "manbalar va usullarni buzishi mumkin bo'lgan" yoki "atrofdagi uchinchi tomonlarning shaxsiy shaxsiy hayoti va obro'si manfaatlariga tajovuz qiladigan" har qanday ma'lumotlarning ba'zi tahrirlari kiritiladi.^[83] To'liq hisobotning ikki jildli qayta tahrirlangan versiyasi 2019 yil 18 aprelda ommaviy ravishda chiqdi.^[84] Hisobotning kamroq tahrir qilingan versiyasi oxir-oqibat cheklangan miqdordagi Kongress a'zolariga taqdim etiladi.^[85][86]

Katta hakamlar hay'ati

2017 yil 3-avgustda Myuller a katta hakamlar hay'ati yilda Vashington, Kolumbiya, uning tergov qismi sifatida. Katta hakamlar hay'ati sudga chaqirishga, guvohlardan qasam ichgan holda ko'rsatuv berishni talab qilishga va jinoiy javobgarlikka tortilgan shaxslar uchun ayblov xulosalarini chiqarishga qodir. mumkin bo'lgan sabab topildi.

Vashingtonlik katta hakamlar hay'ati Maykl Flinnni tergov qilgan avvalgi Virjiniyalik katta hay'atdan ajralib turadi; Flinn ishi Myullerning umumiy tergoviga singib ketgan.^[87]

Katta hakamlar hay'ati ushbu ishda ishtirok etganlarga chaqiruv qog'ozlarini taqdim etdi Trump minorasi uchrashuvi 2016 yil 9-iyun kuni Trump Tower-da bo'lib o'tdi, u Trampning saylovoldi shtab-kvartirasi joylashgan edi.^[88]

• Rinat Axmetshin, Rossiyada tug'ilgan lobbi va sobiq Sovet armiyasi ofitser, ishtirokchisi Kichik Donald Tramp uchrashuv, 2017 yil 11 avgustda bir necha soat davomida qasamyod ostida guvohlik berdi.^[89][90]
• Matbuot kotibi Jeyson Maloni Pol Manafort, 2017 yil 15 sentyabrda ikki soatdan ko'proq vaqt davomida qasamyod ostida guvohlik berdi.^[91] Maloni Manafortda Trumpning saylovoldi kampaniyasida ishtirok etganligi haqidagi savollarga javob berish uchun Trumpning 2016 yilgi saylovoldi kampaniyasining raisi sifatida ishlagan besh oydan so'ng ishlagan.
• Sem Klovis 2017 yil 23 avgust haftasida ko'rsatma bergan.^[92]
• Karter sahifasi^{[93][qachon?]}
• Jorj Nader, Maslahat beradigan Livanlik amerikalik tadbirkor BAA Valiahd shahzoda Muhammad bin Zoid an-Nahyan, 2018 yil 5 martdan oldingi hafta davomida guvohlik berdi.^[94]

NBC News 2017 yil 25-avgustda "so'nggi kunlarda" katta hay'at olti kishining rahbarlaridan guvohlarning ko'rsatmalarini chaqirdi. jamoat bilan aloqa Trump kompaniyasining raisi Pol Manafort bilan Ukrainadagi lobbichilik harakatlari bo'yicha ishlagan firmalar.^[95]

2018 yil 16-yanvar kuni, The New York Times bu haqida xabar berdi Stiv Bannon Myuller tomonidan Vashingtonda (DC) joylashgan katta hakamlar hay'ati oldida guvohlik berish uchun chaqirilgan.^[96] Reuters va CNN Ertasi kuni Bannon Myuller jamoasi bilan katta hakamlar hay'ati oldida guvohlik berish o'rniga prokuratura bilan suhbatlashish to'g'risida shartnoma tuzgani haqida xabar berdi.^[97][98] 2018 yil 15 fevralda bir nechta manbalar ushbu suhbatlar o'sha hafta bir necha kun davomida o'tkazilganligi haqida xabar berishdi.^{[99][100][101]} TMZ bu haqida xabar berdi Kristin M. Devis, ilgari Rojer Stounda ishlagan "Manxetten xonimi" 2018 yil iyun oyida sudga chaqirilgan.^[102] 2018 yil 10-avgustda federal sudya Stounning sobiq yordamchisi Endryu Millerni katta hay'at oldida guvohlik berishdan bosh tortgani uchun sudga nisbatan hurmatsizlik deb topdi.^[103] Shuningdek, o'sha kuni Myuller tergovi chaqirildi Rendi KredikoStoun Julian Assanjga o'zining "orqa kanali" deb ta'riflagan.^[104] The Wall Street Journal 2018 yil 14 noyabrda Myullerning tergovchilari Stounning tasdiqlarini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun Kredikoni qo'rqitib, guvohlarni buzish bilan shug'ullanganmi yoki yo'qligini tekshirayotgani haqida xabar berishdi.^[105]

Jerom Korsi, sobiq Vashington byurosi rahbari Infowars, 2018 yil 7 sentyabrda, Myullerning katta hakamlar hay'ati oldida chiqish uchun chaqirilgan. Korsining advokati uning mijozidan Rojer Stoun bilan aloqasi haqida so'rashini kutganini aytdi, u oldindan bilganga o'xshaydi WikiLeaks Klinton kampaniyasi haqida zararli ma'lumotlarni e'lon qiladi.^[106]

Yuridik guruhlar

Robert Myuller sifatida 2017 yil may oyida tayinlangan maxsus maslahat.

Tergovda bir nechta yuridik guruhlar, xususan, advokatlar ishtirok etadilar, ular maxsus maslahatchi tomonidan nazorat qilinadi Robert Myuller, tergovda qatnashish; himoya qiladigan jamoa Prezident Tramp uning shaxsiy vazifasida; va vakili bo'lgan jamoa oq uy dan alohida muassasa sifatida Prezident.

CNN ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, 2018 yil avgust holatiga ko'ra prokuratura guruhiga Myuller boshchiligidagi 15 advokat kiradi.^[107] Qo'shimcha yordamchi xodimlar soni 30 nafardan oshadi. Myuller jamoasidan ketganligi haqida kam xabar berilgan.^[108]

Himoya ikki qismdan iborat: Emmet toshqini Oq uy vakili,^[109] va Trampning shaxsan vakili bo'lgan jamoa, shu jumladan Jey Sekulow, Endryu Ekonomou, Rudy Giuliani, Raskin & Raskin yuridik firmasi va Joanna Xendon. Mudofaa jamoasining sobiq a'zolari orasida oq tanli jinoyatlar bo'yicha mutaxassis bor Jon Dovd^[110] va Ty Kobb prezident devoni vakili.^[109]

Myullerning yuridik jamoasi doimiy ravishda ushbu jamoani "13 g'azablangan demokrat" deb atagan prezident Trampga nisbatan xolisona munosabatda bo'lishgan.^{[111][112][113][114]} Politifact ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, 17 jamoa a'zolaridan 13 nafari haqiqatan ham demokratlar (qolganlari ikki yirik partiyalardan biriga aloqador bo'lmagan) bo'lsa-da, Myullerning o'zi ro'yxatdan o'tgan respublikachi bo'lib, siyosiy asoslarga ko'ra advokatlarni yollashni yoki yollamaslikni tanlaydi. mansubligi Adliya vazirligi siyosatiga va federal qonunchilikka ziddir.^[115]

Nazorat etakchisidagi o'zgarishlar

Whitakerning vorisligi

Myuller tergovi davom etar ekan, Tramp Bosh prokuror Seshnsning ishdan voz kechish to'g'risidagi qaroridan bir necha bor g'azabini bildirdi.^[116] 2017 yil iyul oyida Tramp Sessions unga Tramp nomzodini ko'rsatguniga qadar Sessionsning yaqinlashib kelayotgan rad etilishi to'g'risida xabar berishi kerak edi, shunda Tramp Bosh prokurorlikka boshqa birovni taklif qilgan bo'lar edi.^[117] 2018 yil may oyida Tramp Sessiondan boshqasini Bosh prokuror lavozimiga nomzod qilib ko'rsatganini tilaganini aytdi.^[118] 2018 yil avgust oyida Tramp Sessionsning ishi kamida noyabrgacha xavfsizligini e'lon qildi 2018 yil Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlaridagi oraliq saylovlar.^[119] Sessions 2018 yil 7-noyabrda, oraliq saylovlardan bir kun o'tgach, Bosh prokuror lavozimidan iste'foga chiqdi va u Trampning iltimosiga binoan iste'foga chiqqanligini yozdi.^[120][121]

Metyu Uitaker, aktyor sifatida xizmat qilgan Bosh prokuror 2018 yil noyabrdan 2019 yil fevralgacha

Seshnsning iste'fosi bilan Tramp tayinlandi Metyu Uitaker, Sessiyalar shtabi rahbari, 2018 yil 7-noyabrda Bosh prokuror vazifasini bajaruvchi sifatida.^[120] Bu shuni anglatadiki, Uaytker Myuller tergovini Bosh prokuror o'rinbosari Rozenshteyndan nazorat qilishni o'z zimmasiga oldi.^[122][123]

Avvalroq, 2017 yil avgust oyida, Adliya vazirligiga Sessions shtabining boshlig'i lavozimiga ishga kirishdan bir oy oldin, Uaytker CNN uchun "Myullerning Tramp ustidan olib borgan tekshiruvi haddan oshib bormoqda" nomli fikrlar ustunini yozgan edi.^[124] U Myullerning tergovi "linch to'dasi" ekanligini, bu cheklangan bo'lishi kerakligini va Trampning moliya bo'yicha tekshiruv o'tkazmasligini aytdi.^[125][126] Uitaker 2017 yilda ham Trump minorasi uchrashuvi na noo'rin, na til biriktirish dalili edi.^[127] The New York Times Oq uyning yordamchilari va Trampga yaqin boshqa odamlar Uaytakerning tergovni "jilovlashini" kutishganligi haqida xabar berishdi.^[128]

Trampning ashaddiy tarafdori bo'lgan Uitaker 2017 yil sentyabrida Adliya vazirligiga ishga kirishdan oldin Myuller tergovini bir necha bor ommaviy ravishda tanqid qilib, uning "haddan oshib ketayotganini" ta'kidlab, uni "lynch mob" deb atagan edi.^[129] Whitaker ham uning shaxsiy do'sti Sem Klovis,^[130] Trump kampaniyasining sobiq hamraisi, Myullerning tergovchilari va katta hakamlar hay'atiga guvohlik bergan. Uning oldingi bayonotlari va ishtiroki tufayli,^[131] ko'plab demokratlar va ayrim respublikachilar Uaytkerning mumkin bo'lgan manfaatlar to'qnashuvi undan Myuller ustidan nazorat qilishdan voz kechishini talab qilmoqda, deb ta'kidladilar.^[132][133] Xabar qilinishicha, Uaytaker bunday qilish niyati yo'qligini bildirgan.^[134] Adliya vazirligining axloq qoidalari bo'yicha amaldorlari, odatda, manfaatlar to'qnashuvini ko'rib chiqishni tavsiya qilish uchun^{[135][136][137]} ammo ularning topilmalari majburiy emas va odatda sir saqlanadi.^{[iqtibos kerak]}

Barrning vorisligi

2018 yil 7 dekabrda Prezident Tramp nomzodini qo'yishini e'lon qildi Uilyam Barr bo'sh Bosh prokuror lavozimi uchun. Barr ilgari Prezident huzuridagi Bosh prokuror bo'lgan Jorj H. V. Bush.^[138]

Barr 2019 yil yanvaridagi tasdiqlash tinglovlarida tergov xulosalari jamoatchilikdan ushlab qolinishi mumkin, chunki ularni ozod qilish qonun bilan belgilanmagan. 2018 yil iyun oyida Barr Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn va Trampning advokatlariga maxsus advokatning Tramp tomonidan potentsial adolat to'siqlariga nisbatan yondashuvi "o'ta noto'g'ri" bo'lganligi va bu uning bilimiga asoslanib, Trampning xatti-harakatlari to'g'risida 19 sahifadan iborat so'ralmagan eslatmani yuborgan edi. uning prezident vakolatiga kirgan.^[139] 2017 yil iyun oyida Barr to'siqlarni tekshirishni "asinin" deb ta'riflagan va "prezidentni ag'darish bo'yicha butunlay siyosiy operatsiya ko'rinishida" bo'lgan. Tramp 2019 yil fevral oyida bo'lib o'tgan intervyusida Myuller haqidagi hisobotni e'lon qilishga sodiq emasligini aytdi.^{[140][141][142]}

2019 yil 14 fevralda Barr Bosh prokuror lavozimiga qasamyod qildi, chunki Senat shu kuni 54-45 ovoz bilan tayinlanishini ma'qulladi,^[143][144] shu tariqa Uaytakerdan Myuller tergovi ustidan nazoratni qo'lga kiritish.^[145]

Mavzular

Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn, Bosh prokurorning rad etilishi sababli Bosh prokuror vazifasini bajaruvchi sifatida xizmat qilmoqda Jeff Sessions, Myullerga "Rossiya hukumati va Prezident Donald Trampning saylovoldi tashviqoti bilan bog'liq bo'lgan shaxslar o'rtasidagi har qanday aloqalarni va / yoki muvofiqlashtirishni", shuningdek "tergov bilan bevosita bog'liq bo'lgan yoki yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan har qanday masalalarni" va boshqa har qanday masalalarni tekshirish va sud qilish huquqini berdi. 28 CFR 600.4 doirasida - yurisdiktsiya.^[146][9]

Rossiya saylovlariga aralashish

Internet tadqiqot agentligi 2018 yil fevral oyidan boshlab ayblov xulosasi

2016 yil iyul oyi oxirida Federal Qidiruv Byurosi Tramp bilan aloqada bo'lgan to'rt nafar amerikaliklar ustidan Rossiya faoliyatini muvofiqlashtirishi yoki hamkorlik qilishi mumkinligini aniqlash uchun qarshi razvedka tekshiruvlarini boshladi.^{[147][148][149]} Ushbu tekshiruvlar Maxsus maslahatchi portfelining bir qismiga aylandi.^[150]

AQSh razvedka idoralari 2017 yil yanvar oyida "yuqori ishonch bilan" xulosa qilishicha, Rossiya hukumati saylovlarga kompyuter serverlarini buzish orqali aralashgan Demokratik milliy qo'mita (DNC) va shaxsiy Gmail Klinton saylov kampaniyasi raisi haqida Jon Podesta va ularning tarkibini yo'naltirish ga WikiLeaks,^{[151][152][153]} shuningdek tarqatish orqali soxta yangiliklar ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda targ'ib qilingan,^[154] va AQShning bir nechta shtatlaridagi saylov tizimlari va ma'lumotlar bazalariga kirib borish yoki ularga kirishga urinish orqali.^[155] de Volkskrant 2018 yil 25-yanvar kuni Gollandiya razvedka agentligi xabar berdi AIVD Rossiya xakerlik guruhiga kirib borgan Qulay ayiq 2014 va 2015 yillarda ularni DNC-ni real vaqt rejimida buzganliklarini, shuningdek, xavfsizlik kamerasi orqali xakerlarning rasmlarini o'zlarining ish joylarida suratga olishlarini kuzatdilar.^[156][157] The New York Times 2018 yil 18 iyulda Amerika, Buyuk Britaniya va Gollandiya razvedka xizmatlari Rossiya harbiy razvedka tarmoqlarida o'g'irlangan DNC elektron pochta xabarlarini kuzatganligi haqida xabar berishdi.^[158] NBC News 2018 yil 1 martda Myuller xakerlik va sızıntıyı amalga oshirgan ruslarga qarshi jinoiy javobgarlikka tortish uchun ishni yig'ayotgani haqida xabar berdi.^[159] Ushbu ayblovlar 2018 yil 13-iyulda chiqarilgan.^[160]

Rossiya ijtimoiy tarmoqlar orqali AQSh saylovchilariga ta'sir o'tkazish Myuller tergovining asosiy yo'nalishi.^[161] Myuller rus tili haqida batafsil ma'lumot olish uchun qidiruv orderidan foydalangan reklama sotib olish Facebook. Sobiq federal prokurorning so'zlariga ko'ra, order sudyalarning chet elliklarning AQSh saylovlariga ta'sir o'tkazishda noqonuniy hissa qo'shganligiga ishonch hosil qilishini anglatadi Facebook reklamalari.^[162]

2018 yil 13 fevral kuni, oldin ko'rsatuvlarda Senatning razvedka qo'mitasi, Amerikaning eng yaxshi oltita razvedka agentligi rahbarlari bir ovozdan Rossiyaning aralashuvini tasdiqladilar. Trampning fikrlari bilan tanish bo'lgan uchta manbaning CNN telekanaliga aytishicha, u Rossiyaning aralashganiga ishonchsiz bo'lib qolmoqda, chunki bu saylovda u faqat o'z foydasi bilan g'olib chiqmagan degani.^[163]

2018 yil 16-iyul kuni matbuot anjumani davomida 2018 yil Rossiya - AQSh sammiti Finlyandiyaning Xelsinki shahrida Prezident Putindan "Prezident Trampning saylovda g'alaba qozonishini xohladingizmi va bunga yordam berish uchun sizning rasmiylaringizdan birini boshqarganmisiz?" Putin unga "Ha, shunday qildim. Ha, shunday qildim. Chunki u AQSh-Rossiya munosabatlarini normal holatga keltirish haqida gapirdi" deb javob berdi.^[164]

Myuller hisoboti, Trump kampaniyasining Rossiyaga saylovga ta'sir o'tkazish uchun fitna uyushtirganligi to'g'risida hech qanday dalil yo'qligiga qaramay, Rossiya hukumati Demokratik siyosiy tashkilotlarni buzish va "dezinformatsiya va ijtimoiy tarmoqlar" ixtilofini tarqatish orqali saylovlarga Tramp foydasiga ta'sir o'tkazishga harakat qildi.^[165]

Trampning sheriklari va Rossiya rasmiylari o'rtasidagi aloqalar

2015 yilning bahoridayoq Amerika razvedka agentliklari Rossiya hukumati rasmiylari, ba'zilari Kreml tarkibida, o'shanda prezidentlikka nomzod bo'lgan Trampning sheriklarini muhokama qilgan suhbatlarni eshitishni boshladilar.^[166][167]

Maykl Flinn 24-chi bo'lib xizmat qildi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchisi 2017 yilning yanvaridan fevraligacha

The New York Times 2017 yil 14 fevralda xabar qilinganidek, telefon yozuvlari va aloqa to'xtatilishi Trampning sheriklari, shu jumladan Tramp kampaniyasi a'zolari - 2016 yilgi kampaniya davomida Rossiya razvedkasining yuqori martabali amaldorlari bilan "takroriy aloqalar" qilganligini ko'rsatdi. Pol Manafort ushbu kommunikatsiyalarda ishtirok etishi aniqlangan yagona Trampning hamkori edi. Bundan tashqari, Trampning ba'zi bir katta sheriklari, jumladan Kushner, kichik Trump, Sessions, Flynn va Manafort, 2016 yil davomida Rossiya rasmiylari bilan bevosita aloqada bo'lishdi.^[168] Keyingi iyun oyida Kongress guvohligida Komi shunday dedi Times hisobot "asosiyda" noto'g'ri edi. The Times intervalgacha bo'lgan oylar davomida uning manbalari hisobotni "qattiq" deb hisoblashda davom etishgan.^[169] 2020 yil iyul oyida Senat Adliya qo'mitasi bilan bir vaqtning o'zida olingan yozuvlarni chiqardi Times tomonidan hisobot Federal qidiruv byurosi qarshi razvedka bo'limi boshliq Piter Strzok haqida uning skepticiamini ko'rsatib Times ' xabar berish, yozish, "Biz Tramp jamoasi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan biron bir mansabdor shaxsni [razvedka xodimlari] bilan aloqada bo'lganligini ko'rmadik" va "" Biz Trampning har qanday maslahatchilarining Rossiya razvedka xizmati xodimlari bilan suhbatlashayotganidan bexabarmiz ".^[170] The Times o'z hisobida turdi va keyinchalik chiqarilgan yozuvlar Strzokning bilimlarini to'liq aniq ifodalay olmaganligi haqida xabar berdi.^[171] Maykl Flinn 2016 yil 29 dekabrda, Obamaning Rossiyaga qarshi sanktsiyalarni e'lon qilgan kuni Flinn Rossiya elchisi Kislyak bilan sanktsiyalarni muhokama qilgani aniqlangandan so'ng, 2017 yil 13 fevralda Milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchisi lavozimidan iste'foga chiqishga majbur bo'ldi. Avvalroq Flinn Kislyak bilan gaplashganini tan olgan, ammo sanksiyalarni muhokama qilishni rad etgan.^[172][173] Shuningdek, 2016 yil dekabr oyida Flinn va prezidentning maslahatchisi Jared Kushner Rossiya rasmiylari bilan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri, xavfsiz aloqa liniyasini o'rnatishga umid qilib Kislyak bilan uchrashdi, bu haqda Amerika razvedka idoralari bilmaydi.^[174][175] Jared Kushner ham uchrashdi Sergey Gorkov, Rossiya davlat banki rahbari Vneshekonombank (VEB), AQSh 2014 yil iyulidan beri iqtisodiy sanktsiyalarga uchragan.^[176][177] Flinn va Kushner ushbu yig'ilishlarda xavfsizlikni rasmiylashtirish shakllari to'g'risida xabar bermadilar.^[178][177]

Tramp tashkiloti Moskvada dabdabali hashamatli mehmonxona va kondominium loyihasini amalga oshirdi Trump minorasi Moskva- Trump prezidentlik kampaniyasi paytida. Ushbu loyihani amalga oshirishda yordam bergan Maykl Koen, keyin Trump Organization-ning advokati va 2017-yil yanvaridan 2018-yil mayigacha Trampning shaxsiy advokati. Tramp loyihani davom ettirish uchun 2015 yil 13 oktyabrda majburiy bo'lmagan "niyat xati" ni imzoladi.^[179] Xat, shuningdek, rossiyalik investor tomonidan imzolangan Andrey Rozov, Rossiya-Amerika ko'chmas mulk ishlab chiqaruvchisi tomonidan Koenga yuborilgan Feliks SaterTrump Organization bilan avvalgi bitimlarda, shu jumladan, ishlagan Trump SoHo va Trump International Hotel & Residence. Sater uyushgan jinoyatchilik bilan bog'liq jinoiy ishlarda ham qatnashgan va FBIda ushbu faoliyat bilan bog'liq ma'lumot beruvchi bo'lib xizmat qilgan.^[180] U Koen bilan Vladimir Putin bilan aloqalari haqida maqtanib, 2015 yil 13-noyabr kuni Koenga elektron pochta orqali "Buddy bizning bolakay AQSh prezidenti bo'lishi mumkin va biz uni muhandis qila olamiz. Men butun Putinlarni olaman [sic] sotib olish uchun jamoa. Men bu jarayonni boshqaraman. "^[179][181] Shuningdek, u Rossiya davlat mulki orqali loyihani moliyalashtirishni ta'minlaganini ta'kidladi VTB bankiQo'shma Shtatlar hukumati tomonidan sanktsiyalar ostida bo'lgan. Koen Putinning matbuot kotibiga elektron pochta orqali xabar yubordi Dmitriy Peskov 2016 yil yanvar oyida loyihani amalga oshirishda yordam so'rab murojaat qilgan va keyinchalik javob olganini eslamaganligini aytgan. Koen 2017 yil sentyabr oyida Senatning Razvedka qo'mitasiga 2016 yil yanvar oyida kelishuvdan voz kechilganini aytgan, ammo 2018 yil noyabr oyida "[Trampning] siyosiy xabarlari bilan mos kelish» rejalaridagi Trampning rolini minimallashtirganini va muzokaralar olib borilishini aybdor deb tan oldi. aslida 2016 yil iyun oyigacha uzaytirilgan edi. Koen, shuningdek, Peskovning idorasi aslida uning 2016 yil yanvaridagi elektron pochtasiga javob berganini va u bilan telefon orqali kelishuvni muhokama qilganini tan oldi.^[182][183] Uning aybiga iqror bo'lganidan bir kun o'tib chiqarilgan hukm bo'yicha memorandumda Koenning advokatlari u Trampni Cohenning Rossiya mulozimi bilan qilgan "mazmunli suhbati" dan "xursand" qilganligini ta'kidladilar va Tramp bilan 2016 yil yozida ushbu loyihani ilgari surish uchun Rossiyaga borishini muhokama qildilar. .^[184] BuzzFeed yangiliklari 2018 yil 12 martda Myullerning tergovchilari Saterni so'roq qilgani haqida xabar berishdi,^[185] va 2018 yil 13 aprelda Rossiyaning sobiq ayg'oqchisi loyihani moliyalashtirishga yordam bergani haqida xabar berdi.^[186] 2010 yilda Saterga TrumpOrg.com elektron pochta manzili bilan o'zini "Donald Trampning katta maslahatchisi" sifatida tavsiflovchi vizitkalar taqdim etildi.^[187] 2013 yilda qasamyod qildi tasdiqnoma, Tramp "Agar [Sater] hozirda xonada o'tirganida edi, men uning qanday ko'rinishini bilmas edim" dedi.^[188] va 2015 yilda u "Feliks Sater, bolam, men bu haqda o'ylashim kerak. Men u bilan u qadar tanish emasman" deb aytgan.^[189]

Trump jamoasi Trampning sheriklari va Rossiya o'rtasidagi har qanday aloqalarni rad etish uchun bir nechta rad javobini berdi, ammo bu rad etishlarning ko'pi yolg'onga aylandi.^[190][191] 2017 yil 4-dekabr kuni sud sudyasidan Manafortning shartnoma shartnomasini bekor qilishni talab qilgan holda, prokurorlar Pol Manafort u garov evaziga bo'lganida, Rossiya razvedkasi xodimi bilan optsion insho tayyorlashda ishlagan.^[192]

Rik Geyts da 2016 yilgi Respublika milliy anjumani

The New York Times 2018 yil 28 mart kuni Trump kampaniyasining sobiq raisi o'rinbosari haqida xabar berdi Rik Geyts had, in September and October 2016, frequently communicated with a man that the FBI believes is a former agent of GRU, Russia's largest foreign intelligence agency, and who had maintained active links with Russian intelligence during these communications; this disclosure was written into a court sentencing document for Aleks van der Zvaan, submitted by Robert Mueller. Identified in the document as "Person A", The Times reported that the man matched the description of Konstantin Kilimnik, who, for years, was Pol Manafort's "right-hand man" in Ukraine. Gates reportedly told an associate that he knew "Person A" was a former GRU agent, although Manafort told associates he was not aware of such a connection.^[193] The Times reported on January 8, 2019, that in spring 2016 Gates and Manafort gave polling data, some of which was private to the Trump campaign, to Kilimnik, asking he pass it to Ukrainians Serhiy Lyovochkin va Rinat Axmetov.^[194] During a closed-door court hearing on February 4, 2019, regarding false statements Manafort had made to investigators about his communications with Kilimnik, special counsel prosecutor Endryu Vaysman told judge Emi Berman Jekson that "This goes, I think, very much to the heart of what the special counsel's office is investigating," suggesting that Mueller's office continued to examine a possible agreement between Russia and the Trump campaign.^[195]

Reuters reported on March 29, 2018, that the special counsel is examining an event at the 2016 Republican National Convention at which Jeff Sessions had conversations with Russian ambassador Sergei Kislyak. Investigators are also looking into how and why language deemed hostile to Russia was removed from the Republican party's platform document during the convention. Mueller's office is also inquiring whether Sessions had private conversations with Kislyak at a Trump speech at the Mayflower Hotel 2016 yil aprel oyida.^[196]

The Po'lat hujjatlar asserted that Trump attorney Maykl Koen in August 2016 had a clandestine meeting with Kremlin representatives in Prague. Cohen has stated he has never been to Prague, inviting investigators to examine his passport.^[197] Makklatchi reported on April 13, 2018, that Mueller's investigators have evidence that in August or early September 2016 Cohen traveled to Prague by way of Germany. Such a trip would not have required a passport as Germany and the Czech Republic are in the Shengen zonasi pasport va o'zaro chegaralarda chegara nazoratining barcha boshqa turlarini bekor qilgan.^[198] On April 14, 2018, Cohen again denied he had ever been to Prague, although weeks after the 2016 election he had told journalist Devid makkajo'xori he had been in Prague fourteen years earlier.^[199][200] McClatchy reported in December 2018 that a mobile phone traced to Cohen had "pinged" cellphone towers around Prague in late summer 2016. McClatchy also reported that during that time an eastern European intelligence agency had intercepted communications between Russians, one of whom mentioned that Cohen was in Prague.^[201] The Myullerning hisoboti did not conclude Cohen had been in Prague, citing his testimony to investigators.^[202]

Carter Page kuni Kris Mettyus bilan Hardball

On July 21, 2018, the Justice Department released a heavily redacted version of the October 2016 FISA warrant application for Carter Page, which stated in part "The FBI believes that Page has been collaborating and conspiring with the Russian government" and "the FBI believes that the Russian government's efforts are being coordinated with Page and perhaps other individuals associated with Candidate #1's campaign."^[203][204]:9 The application also stated

[A]ccording to Source #1, Divyekin [who is assessed as Igor Nikolayevich Divyekin] had met secretly with Page and that their agenda for the meeting included Divyekin raising a dossier or "kompromat" that the Kremlin possessed on Candidate #2 and the possibility of it being released to Candidate #1's campaign.^[204]:18

The Steele dossier asserted that Page had secretly met "senior Kremlin Internal Affairs official, DIVYEKIN" in Moscow on "either 7 or 8 July" of 2016, while Page was still officially with the Trump campaign, but did not refer to any kompromat.

Alleged collusion between Trump campaign and Russian agents

2016

Trump minorasi, Manhattan, site of the meeting on June 9, 2016

Mueller investigated the meeting on June 9, 2016, in Trump minorasi yilda Nyu-York shahri between three senior members of Trump's presidential campaign—Kushner, Manafort, and Donald Trump Jr.—and at least five other people, including Russian lawyer Natalya Veselnitskaya, Rinat Axmetshin, a lobbyist and former Soviet army officer who met senior Trump campaign aides, Ike Kaveladze, British publicist Rob Goldstone, and translator Anatoli Samochornov.^[205][206] Goldstone had suggested the meeting to Trump Jr., and it was arranged in a series of emails later made public. In one email exchange of June 3, 2016, Goldstone wrote Trump Jr. that Aras Agalarov "offered to provide the Trump campaign with some official documents and information that would incriminate Hillary and her dealings with Russia and would be very useful to your father", adding that it was "very high level and sensitive information but is part of Russia and its government's support for Mr. Trump" that he could send to Donald Trump's assistant Rona Graff. Trump Jr. responded minutes later "Thanks Rob I appreciate that" and "if it's what you say I love it."^[207] Trump Jr. initially told the press that the meeting was held to discuss adoptions of Russian children by Americans, but after contrary media reports he added that he agreed to the meeting with the understanding that he would receive information damaging to Hillary Clinton.^[208] Mueller's team investigated the emails and the meeting,^[205] and whether President Trump later tried to hide the meeting's purpose.^[209] On July 18, 2017, Kaveladze's attorney said that Mueller's investigators were seeking information about the meeting in June 2016 from his client,^[210] and on July 21, Mueller asked the White House to preserve all documents related to the meeting.^[211] It has been reported that Manafort had made notes during the meeting.^[212] CNN reported on July 26, 2018, that anonymous sources deb ta'kidladi Maykl Koen was prepared to tell the Mueller investigation that Trump was aware of and approved of the June 9, 2016, meeting in advance, which Trump and Trump Jr. have repeatedly denied. CNN reported in the same story that Cohen attorney Leni Devis had declined to comment for the report.^[213] Ertasi kuni, Washington Post reported a similar story coming from one anonymous source, although the paper did not specifically mention Russians.^[214] One month later, Davis identified himself as that source, clarifying that he could not be certain of Cohen's knowledge in the matter. Davis also asserted he had been a source for the CNN story.^[215] A CNN spokeswoman stated, "We stand by our story, and are confident in our reporting of it."^[215][216]

CNN reported on March 23, 2017, that the FBI was examining "human intelligence, travel, business and phone records and accounts of in-person meetings" indicating that Trump associates may have coordinated with "suspected Russian operatives" to release information damaging to the Hillary Clinton campaign.^[217]

2017

2017 yil 3-avgustga qadar Myuller a katta hakamlar hay'ati uchrashuvga oid chaqiruv qog'ozlarini bergan Kolumbiya okrugida.^[218] The Financial Times reported on August 31 that Akhmetshin had given sworn testimony to Mueller's grand jury.^[219]

CNN reported on September 19, 2017, that Manafort had been a target of a FISA wiretap both before and after the 2016 election, extending into early 2017. Some of the intercepted communications caused concerns among investigators that Manafort had solicited assistance from Russians for the campaign, although the evidence was reportedly inconclusive. The wiretaps began sometime after Manafort became a subject of an FBI investigation into his business practices in 2014. The Mueller investigation was provided details of these intercepts.^[220]

Mueller is investigating ties between the Trump campaign and Republican activist Piter V. Smit, who stated that he tried to obtain Hillari Klintonning elektron pochta xabarlari from Russian hackers, and that he was acting on behalf of Michael Flynn and other senior Trump campaign members. Trump campaign officials have denied that Smith was working with them.^[221] In fall 2017, Mueller's team interviewed former Hukumat bilan aloqa bo'yicha shtab cybersecurity researcher Matt Tait, who had been approached by Smith to verify the authenticity of emails allegedly hacked from Clinton's private email server.^[222] Tait reportedly told House Intelligence Committee investigators in October 2017 that he believed Smith had ties to members of Trump's inner circle—including Flynn, Steve Bannon, and Kellyanne Conway—and may have been helping build opposition research for the Trump campaign.^[223] Smith committed suicide in May 2017, several days after talking to The Wall Street Journal about his alleged efforts. Aged 81 and reportedly in failing health, he left a carefully prepared file of documents, including a statement police called a suicide note.^[224] An attorney for Smith's estate said in October 2017 that some of Smith's documents had been turned over to the Senate Intelligence Committee.^[225] The Wall Street Journal reported on October 7, 2018, that Smith had raised at least $100,000 from donors in his pursuit of the Clinton emails, that his estate had provided documents to the Mueller investigation, and that associates of Smith had been questioned by Mueller's investigators or a grand jury.^[226] The Wall Street Journal reported on October 10, 2018, that Smith had established a "professional relationship" with Flynn as early as 2015, and during the campaign was using Flynn's contacts to assist with his search for the Clinton emails.^[227] Jurnal reported on October 19, 2018, that the Mueller investigation has evidence Smith may have had prior knowledge of the Guccifer 2.0 hacks.^[228] The Myullerning hisoboti later confirmed significant aspects of Smith's efforts to locate the Clinton emails, including his communications about it with Flynn and campaign co-chair Sem Klovis, as well as Flynn's actions to spearhead the effort at Trump's repeated requests.^[229] In May 2019, an unredacted version of a December 2018 government sentencing memo for Flynn showed he had advised investigators that members of the Trump campaign had discussed whether to contact WikiLeaks about the release of emails.^[230][231]

In December 2017, it was reported that the Mueller investigation was examining whether the Trump campaign and the Respublika milliy qo'mitasi, who worked together on the digital arm of Trump's campaign, provided assistance to Russian trolls attempting to influence voters.^[232][233]

2018

Yahoo yangiliklari reported that Mueller's team was examining whether the joint RNC–Trump campaign data operation—which was directed on Trump's side by Bred Parscale and managed by Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner—was related to the activities of Russian trolls and bots aimed at influencing the U.S. electorate.^[234] Also that month, the Democratic ranking members of the House Oversight and Judiciary committees asked their respective Republican chairmen to subpoena two of the data firms hired by Trump's campaign for documents related to Russia's election interference, including the firm headed by Parscale.^[235][236] On February 27, 2018, Trump selected Parscale to serve as campaign manager on his 2020 reelection campaign.^[237] NBC News reported on February 28, 2018, that Mueller's investigators asked witnesses pointed questions about whether Trump was aware that Democratic emails had been stolen before that was publicly known, and whether he was involved in their strategic release. This is the first reported indication that Mueller's investigation is specifically examining whether Trump was personally involved in collusive activities.^[238]

Julian Assanj, muharriri WikiLeaks

Mueller's investigators also asked about the relationship between Rojer Stoun and WikiLeaks founder Julian Assanj, and why Trump took policy positions favorable to Russia. Stone, a longtime Republican "dirty trickster" and Trump confidant^[239] repeatedly discussed his backchannel communications with Assange and claimed knowledge of forthcoming leaks from Wikileaks.^[240] He also exchanged Twitter private messages with Guccifer 2.0, which American intelligence connected to two Russian intelligence groups that cybersecurity analysts have concluded hacked Democratic National Committee emails.^[241] The New York Times reported on November 1, 2018, that Stone and Steve Bannon exchanged emails in October 2016 about Assange's intent to release documents, and that Bannon and other former senior Trump campaign officials told Mueller's investigators of Stone's assertions that he was a conduit to Wikileaks and seemed aware of imminent document releases, although the "top tier" of the campaign was skeptical of Stone's claims.^[242] Reuters reported on May 16, 2018, that Mueller's office subpoenaed Stone's social media strategist, Jason Sullivan, the prior week to testify before a grand jury on May 18 and to provide documents, objects and electronically stored information.^[243] Reuters reported the next day that John Kakanis, Stone's driver, accountant and operative, was also subpoenaed.^[244]

Investigators also focused on Trump's public comments in July 2016 asking Russia to find emails that were deleted from Hillary Clinton's private email server. A 2016 yil 27 iyuldagi matbuot anjumani, days after WikiLeaks began publishing the Democratic National Committee emails, Trump said, "Russia, if you're listening, I hope you're able to find the 30,000 emails that are missing."^[245] The July 13, 2018, indictment of 12 Russian GRU agentlar^[160] tasvirlangan

...on or about July 27, 2016, the Conspirators attempted after hours to spearphish for the first time email accounts at a domain hosted by a third-party provider and used by Clinton's personal office. At or around the same time, they also targeted seventy-six email addresses at the domain for the Clinton Campaign.^[246]

After a "testy March 5 meeting, Mueller's team agreed to provide the president's lawyers with more specific information about the subjects that prosecutors wished to discuss with the president". Then Jay Sekulow "compiled a list of 49 questions that the team believed the president would be asked... The New York Times first reported the existence of the list."^[247]

On April 30, 2018, The New York Times published a list of interview questions for Trump that the Mueller investigation had provided to the president's attorneys. The list was provided to The Times by an individual outside Trump's legal team. Among the questions was, "What knowledge did you have of any outreach by your campaign, including by Paul Manafort, to Russia about potential assistance to the campaign?" Before this disclosure, there had been no publicly available information indicating any such outreach. The Times noted that the questions were not quoted verbatim and in some cases were condensed.^[248] Written responses to some of the questions were provided to the Mueller investigation on November 20, 2018.^[249]

The New York Times reported on May 15, 2018, that Trump campaign policy aide and later White House Deputy Cabinet Secretary Jon Mashburn testified to the Senate Judiciary Committee in March 2018 that he recalled receiving an email from George Papadopoulos in the first half of 2016 indicating that the Russian government had damaging information about Hillary Clinton. Before this report, there had been no publicly available information indicating that Papadopoulos had informed anyone on the Trump campaign about such matters. Despite an extensive search for the purported email by various investigators, it has not been located.^[250] A court document^[251] Mueller's office filed in association with Papadopoulos's guilty plea included verbatim quotes from various emails Papadopoulos had sent or received, but the Mashburn email was not referenced in that document.

2019

On March 22, 2019, the Special Counsel submitted their report to Attorney General William Barr.^[252] The investigation garnered 199 criminal charges, 37 indictments or guilty pleas, and 5 prison sentences.^[253]

On March 24, 2019, Barr sent a four-page letter to Congress detailing the special counsel's findings. The letter was split into 2 sections: The first section discusses Russia's efforts to influence the 2016 U.S. presidential election and the second section details whether Trump obstructed justice.^[254][255]

Potential obstruction of justice

Jeyms Komi, avvalgi Federal qidiruv byurosi direktori

Shortly before firing him, Trump asked then-FBI Director James Comey to drop the investigation into a member of the Trump Campaign, former National Security Advisor Flynn.^[256] In March, Trump reportedly discussed the FBI's Russia investigation with Milliy razvedka direktori Dan Coats undan keyin Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi direktori Mayk Pompeo (who is currently serving as Secretary of State as of April 26, 2018), and asked if they could intervene with Comey to limit or stop it.^[257] When he was asked at a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing about the report, Coats said he would not discuss conversations he had with the president but "I have never felt pressured to intervene in the Russia investigation in any way."^[258] Before being appointed Director of National Intelligence by Trump, Coats had been an elected Republican politician since 1981, serving in both the House and Senate.^[259]

In a May 2017 interview with NBC News anchorman Lester Xolt, Trump stated he was thinking of "this Russia thing" when he decided to fire FBI Director James Comey.^[260] Trump's statement raised concerns of potential obstruction of justice.^[261] In May 2018 Trump denied firing Comey because of the Russia investigation.^[262] In August 2018 Trump tweeted that "Holt got caught fudging my tape on Russia", followed by his attorney Jay Sekulow asserting in September 2018 that NBC had edited the Trump interview.^[263][264] Neither Trump nor Sekulow produced evidence that the tape had been modified.^[263][264]

In February 2017, it was reported that White House officials had asked the FBI to issue a statement that there had been no contact between Trump associates and Russian intelligence sources during the 2016 campaign. The FBI did not make the requested statement, and observers noted that the request violated established procedures about contact between the White House and the FBI regarding pending investigations.^[265] After Comey revealed in March that the FBI was investigating the possibility of collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia, Trump phoned Coats and Milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha direktor Admiral Michael S. Rogers and asked them to publicly state there was no evidence of collusion between his campaign and the Russians.^{[256][266][267]} Both Coats and Rogers believed that the request was inappropriate, though not illegal, and did not make the requested statement. The two exchanged notes about the incident, and Rogers made a contemporary memo to document the request.^[266][267] The White House effort to push back publicly on the Russia probe reportedly also included requests to senior lawmakers with access to classified intelligence about Russia, including Senator Richard Burr va vakil Devin Nunes, the chairmen of the Senate and House intelligence committees, respectively.^[268]

SobiqFBI direktori Comey memo

In May 2017, it was reported that Comey took contemporaneous notes immediately after an Oval Office conversation with Trump on February 14, 2017, in which Trump is described as attempting to persuade Comey to drop the FBI investigation into Flynn.^[269][270] The memo notes that Trump said, "I hope you can see your way clear to letting this go, to letting Flynn go. He is a good guy. I hope you can let this go." Comey made no commitments to Trump on the subject. The White House denied the version of events in the memo, but an FBI agent's contemporaneous notes are widely held up in court as credible evidence of conversations.^[271] In testimony to the Senate Intelligence Committee on June 8, Comey gave a detailed report on the February 14 conversation, including Trump's suggestion that he should "let go" the Flynn investigation. Comey said he "took it as a direction… I took it as, this is what he wants me to do." He added that it was "a very disturbing thing, very concerning", and that he discussed the incident with other FBI leaders, including whether an obstruction of justice investigation should be opened.^[272][273] Comey created similar memos about all nine conversations he had with the president.^[274] Mueller's office has the Comey memos, but on February 2, 2018, a federal judge denied multiple Axborot erkinligi to'g'risidagi qonun requests to make the documents public, at least for now.^[275]

The FBI launched an investigation of Trump for odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish a few days after the May 9 firing of Comey.^[276] The special prosecutor's office took over the obstruction of justice investigation and has reportedly interviewed Director of National Intelligence Coats, Director of the National Security Agency Rogers, and Deputy Director of the NSA Richard Ledgett.^{[276][277][278]} ABC News reported in June that Mueller was gathering preliminary information about possible obstruction of justice, but a full-scale investigation had not been launched.^[279] On June 16, Trump tweeted: "I am being investigated for firing the FBI Director by the man who told me to fire the FBI Director! Witch Hunt."^[280] However, Trump's lawyer Jay Sekulow said Trump's tweet was referring to the June 14 Vashington Post report that he was under investigation for obstruction of justice,^[276] and that Trump has not actually been notified of any investigation.^[281][282]

The New York Times va Los Anjeles Tayms reported on September 20, 2017, that Mueller's office had requested information from the White House regarding an Oval Office meeting President Trump had with Russian ambassador Sergey Kislyak and Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov on May 10, 2017, during which Trump reportedly said that firing Comey had relieved "great pressure" on him.^{[283][284][285]}

2018 yil 23 yanvarda, Washington Post reported that Robert Mueller sought to question President Donald Trump about the Flynn and Comey departures.^[286]

Washington Post also reported on January 23, 2018, that Mueller's office is interested in a May 2017 Oval Office conversation between Trump and Andrew McCabe, days after McCabe had automatically become acting director of the FBI when Trump dismissed Comey, allegedly for not pledging loyalty to the president. During this conversation, Trump reportedly asked McCabe for whom he had voted in the 2016 presidential election. McCabe, a lifelong Republican,^[287] replied that he had not voted in that election.^[288] On January 24, 2018, Trump denied—or did not remember—asking McCabe about his vote.^[289] Like Comey, McCabe also took contemporaneous notes of his conversations with Trump, which are reportedly now in the possession of Mueller's office.^[290]

The New York Times reported on January 23, 2018, that Attorney General Jeff Sessions was questioned the preceding week by Mueller's investigators.^[291] Trump previously expressed frustration that Sessions had recused himself from the investigation and not prevented a Special Counsel from being appointed, stating that he would not have appointed Sessions had he known that would happen.^[292] Multiple episodes have been reported in which Trump has threatened to dismiss Sessions, or Sessions has tendered his resignation.^[293][294] Washington Post reported on February 28, 2018, that the Mueller investigation has been examining a period of time during the summer of 2017 when Trump seemed determined to drive Sessions from his job, to determine "whether those efforts were part of a months-long pattern of attempted obstruction of justice".^[295] Sessions' departure would allow Trump to appoint another attorney general who is not restrained by recusal. The New York Times reported on May 29, 2018, that the Mueller investigation is examining a previously unreported March 2017 episode when Trump attempted to persuade Sessions to reverse his recusal, suggesting that the investigation into possible obstruction of justice was broader than previously understood. The questions Mueller's office had previously provided Trump's attorneys for an interview with the president included, "What efforts did you make to try to get [Sessions] to change his mind [about recusal]?"^[296][261]

USA Today va The New York Times reported on January 31, 2018, that Mueller's office is expected to question Mark Corallo, the former spokesman for President Trump's legal team, about his reported concerns that the president and his longtime aide Umid Xiks might have sought to obstruct justice. Corallo reportedly plans to tell investigators that Hicks told President Trump on a conference call that the Trump Jr. emails regarding his meeting with Russians "will never get out". Hicks' attorney denied the allegation.^[297][298] Mueller's investigators reportedly interviewed Hicks in early December 2017.^[299] Corallo had resigned from the Trump team in July 2017, reportedly because he became concerned that the president had obstructed justice.^[300]

Bloomberg yangiliklari reported on March 12, 2018, that the obstruction of justice aspect of the investigation is near completion and that Mueller may set it aside to conclude other aspects, such as collusion and hacking.^[12]

Superseding indictment of Pol Manafort va Rick Gates da'vo qilish soliq to'lashdan bo'yin tovlash va bank fraud

The New York Times reported on March 28, 2018, that in 2017, as the Mueller investigation was building its cases against Michael Flynn and Pol Manafort, former Trump attorney Jon M. Dovd broached the idea of presidential pardons of the men with their attorneys. The Times reported this might have indicated concerns by Trump's legal team about what the men might reveal to investigators if they agreed to cooperate with the investigation in exchange for leniency. Although legal opinions vary as to whether this discussion alone would constitute obstruction of justice, prosecutors might present it as part of a pattern of activity that points to a conspiracy to thwart the investigation.^[301] CBS News reported on March 28, 2018, that Manafort is declining a da'vo bitimi and proceeding to trial because he is expecting a pardon from Trump, citing "legal sources with knowledge of his strategy".^[302] In May 2019, an unredacted version of a December 2018 government sentencing memo for Flynn showed that he advised investigators that both before and after his guilty plea "he or his attorneys received communications from persons connected to the Administration or Congress that could have affected both his willingness to cooperate and the completeness of that cooperation."^[230]

In a January 2018 letter to Mueller, Trump's attorneys asserted that Trump cannot unlawfully obstruct justice because the Constitution grants him full authority over all federal investigations and he can "if he wished, terminate the inquiry, or even exercise his power to pardon".^[303][304]

Trump requested and received the resignation of Attorney General Jeff Sessions the day after the 2018 midterm elections, following months of criticizing Sessions for recusing himself from overseeing the Mueller investigation, stating in July 2017, "if he was going to recuse himself, he should have told me before he took the job and I would have picked somebody else."^[305] Trump appointed Metyu Uitaker, Sessions' chief of staff since September 2017, as Acting Attorney General. While Whitaker was Sessions' chief of staff, White House chief of staff Jon Kelli described him as the West Wing's "eyes and ears" in the DOJ, which Trump considered hostile to him.^[136] Prior to joining the Justice Department, Whitaker had publicly criticized the Mueller investigation on several occasions, asserting it was "going too far", referring to it as a "lynch mob", and suggested it could be impeded by cutting its budget.^[135] Trump had seen Whitaker's supportive commentaries on CNN during the summer of 2017 and that July Whitaker was interviewed by White House counsel Don McGahn to join the Trump legal team as an "attack dog" against Mueller.^[128] Bilan intervyu paytida Kundalik qo'ng'iroq qiluvchi on November 14, 2018, Trump was asked who he might be considering to assume the permanent attorney general position, mentioning Whitaker. Unprompted, Trump stated, "as far as I'm concerned this is an investigation that should have never been brought...It's an illegal investigation".^[306]

Days after Whitaker's appointment, Jerri Nadler, the incoming chairman of the Vakillar palatasining Adliya qo'mitasi, asserted that Whitaker's appointment was "part of a pattern of obstruction" of the Mueller investigation and that Whitaker would be the first witness called to testify before the Committee.^[307] In an interview aired on November 18, 2018, Trump asserted he was unaware of Whitaker's previous criticisms of the Mueller investigation, later referring to one of Whitaker's previous statements, saying "There is no collusion, he happened to be right." Trump added, "I think he's very well aware politically. I think he's astute politically ... He's going to do what's right."^[308]

According to a letter from Trump-appointed Attorney General William Barr, no conclusion was reached in the Mueller Report on whether or not Trump obstructed justice. As of March 24, 2019, the report itself has yet to be released.^[165]

In May 2019, an unredacted version of a December 2018 government sentencing memo for Flynn showed that he advised investigators of discussions within the Trump campaign involving “potential efforts to interfere with the [special counsel's] investigation.”^[230]

Financial investigations

Prosecution's statement of Maykl Flinn's offense

The Special Counsel investigation expanded to include Trump's and his associates' financial ties to Russia. The FBI is reviewing the financial records of Trump himself, Tramp tashkiloti, Trump's family members, and his campaign staff, including Trump's real estate activities, which had been under federal scrutiny before the campaign. According to CNN, financial crimes may be easier for investigators to prove than any crimes stemming directly from collusion with Russia.^[309] Campaign staff whose finances are under investigation include Manafort, Flynn, Carter Page, and Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner. At a New York real estate conference in September 2008, Donald Trump Jr. stated: "And in terms of high-end product influx into the US, Russians make up a pretty disproportionate cross-section of a lot of our assets; say in Dubai, and certainly with our project in SoHo and anywhere in New York. We see a lot of money pouring in from Russia."^[310][311] Makklatchi reported on April 6, 2018, that Mueller's investigators that week arrived unannounced at the home of an unnamed business associate of the Trump Organization who had worked on foreign deals for the company in recent years. The investigators had warrants for electronic records and to compel sworn testimony, and were reported to be particularly interested in transactions involving Trump's attorney Michael Cohen.^[312]

Transactions under investigation include Russian purchases of Trump apartments, a SoHo development with Russian associates, the 2013 Miss Universe pageant in Moscow, transactions with the Bank of Cyprus, real estate financing organized by Kushner, and Trump's sale of a Florida mansion for $30 million over its appraised value to Russian oligarch Dmitriy Rybolovlev.^[313][314] The special counsel team has contacted Deutsche Bank, which is the main banking institution doing business with The Trump Organization.^[315] The Wall Street Journal reported on December 6, 2017, that Deutsche Bank received a subpoena from Mueller's office earlier that fall concerning people or entities affiliated with President Trump.^[316] Asl nusxa Jurnal story incorrectly reported that Trump's records had been subpoenaed, which The New York Times reported on April 10, 2018 prompted Trump to tell his advisers "in no uncertain terms" that the Mueller investigation must be shut down, before Mueller's office advised his attorneys the report was inaccurate.^[317]

Jared Kushner, sobiq bosh direktori Kushner Properties va katta maslahatchisi Prezident Tramp

Kushner Properties—from which Jared Kushner resigned as CEO in early 2017 to serve as a senior advisor in the Trump White House—purchased the office tower located at Beshinchi avenyu, 666 in Manhattan in 2007, just before Manhattan real estate prices fell in the Katta tanazzul. The property has since experienced financial difficulties that the company has been attempting to resolve with new financing, without success, before the property's $1.2 billion mortgage comes due in February 2019. This effort has reportedly been complicated by Trump's election, which has caused potential lenders to avoid appearances of conflicts of interest.^[318] The matter has raised the interest of investigators who are looking at Kushner's December 2016 meeting with Sergei Gorkov, who said in a statement issued by his bank that he met with Kushner in his capacity as the then-chief executive of Kushner Properties,^[319] while Kushner assured Congress in a July 24, 2017, statement that the meeting did not involve "any discussion about my companies, business transactions, real estate projects, loans, banking arrangements or any private business of any kind".^[318] CNN 2018 yil 20-fevral kuni Myullerning tergovi Kushnerning Rossiya bilan aloqalaridan tashqari kengayganligi va endi prezident o'tish davrida Kushner Properties-ni boshqa xorijiy investorlardan moliyalashtirishga qaratilgan sa'y-harakatlarini o'z ichiga olganligi haqida xabar berdi.^[320] Kushner Properties 666 Beshinchi avenyu binosini 2018 yilning yozida sotgan.^[321]

Myuller Trump kampaniyasining sobiq raisi Manafortga nisbatan mavjud bo'lgan pul yuvish bo'yicha tergovni o'z zimmasiga oldi. 2017 yil 30 oktyabrda federal katta hakamlar hay'ati Manafort va uning sherigiga ayblov e'lon qildi Rik Geyts ayblovlar bo'yicha, shu jumladan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlariga qarshi fitna, fitna pul yuvish, chet el banklarining ro'yxatdan o'tmagan agenti bo'lgan xorijiy banklar va moliyaviy hisobotlar to'g'risidagi hisobotlarni taqdim etmaslik, FARA-ning yolg'on va chalg'ituvchi bayonotlari va yolg'on bayonotlar.^[322] Manafortning moliyaviy faoliyati, shuningdek, Senat va uyning razvedka qo'mitalari, Nyu-York bosh prokurori va Manxetten okrugi prokurori tomonidan tekshirilmoqda.^[323]

Maxsus maslahatchi Trampning so'zlariga ko'ra "ayniqsa bezovta qilgan" Trampning soliq deklaratsiyalariga kirish imkoniyatiga ega bo'ladi Washington Post. Odatda Tramp prezidentlikka nomzodlar singari soliq deklaratsiyalarini e'lon qilishni rad etgan siyosiy jihatdan ziddiyatli uning prezidentlik kampaniyasidan beri.^[324]

Maxsus maslahatchi shu yoki yo'qligini tekshirmoqda Rossiya Markaziy bankihokim o'rinbosari, Aleksandr Torshin, orqali noqonuniy ravishda olib qo'yilgan pul Milliy miltiq uyushmasi Trumpning kampaniyasidan foyda olish uchun.^[325] 2018 yil 16-may kuni Senat Adliya qo'mitasi hisobot chiqardi^[326] Torshin va uning yordamchisi orqali "Kreml janob Trampga va uning saylovoldi kampaniyasiga kirish va yordam berish vositasi sifatida Milliy o'qotar qurollar uyushmasidan foydalanganligini ko'rsatuvchi bir qator hujjatlarni" qo'lga kiritganligini ta'kidladi. Mariiya Butinava "Kreml NRA-dan janob Trampning kampaniyasini yashirincha moliyalashtirish uchun ham ishlatgan bo'lishi mumkin".^[327] NRA Trump kampaniyasini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun 30 million dollar sarflaganini xabar qildi - ular Respublikachilarni qo'llab-quvvatlashga bag'ishlagan mablag'lari uch baravar ko'p Mitt Romni 2012 yilgi prezidentlik poygasida. Ushbu pulning aksariyati donorlarni oshkor qilish shart bo'lmagan NRA tomonidan sarflangan. Ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, umr bo'yi NRA a'zosi bo'lgan Torshin Tramp va Vladimir Putin 2016 yil may oyida, ammo Kushner tomonidan rad etilgan. Torshin Trump bilan 2015 yil aprel oyida Nashvill NRA tadbirida uchrashganini da'vo qilmoqda; u Tvitterda "an'anaviy oilaviy qadriyatlarning tarafdori" ekanligini aytib, avgust oyida bo'lib o'tgan uchrashuv haqida tvit yozdi.^[328] Torshin kichik Donald Tramp bilan 2016 yil may oyida Kentukki shtatidagi NRA milliy yig'ilishidagi tantanali tadbirda gaplashdi, bu kichik Trumpning advokati edi. Alan Futerfas "qurol bilan bog'liq barcha kichik nutq" sifatida tavsiflanadi. Ispaniya hukumati Torshinni jinoiy daromadlarni legallashtirishga aralashgan va uni Rossiyaning yirik jinoiy tashkiloti Taganskayadagi "xudojo'y ota" deb ta'riflagan.^[325][329] 2018 yil 14-iyulda Butinaga Adliya vazirligi milliy xavfsizlik bo'limi tomonidan amerikalik respublikachilar / konservatorlar va rossiyalik amaldorlar o'rtasida NRA-ga kirib, aloqa kanallarini yaratishga uringan, ro'yxatdan o'tmagan rus agenti sifatida ayblov e'lon qilindi. Milliy namoz uchun nonushta va konservativ diniy tashkilotlar.^{[330][331][332][333]} 2018 yil 13-dekabrda u Torshin bilan ushbu maqsadda til biriktirganlikda aybdor deb topdi.^[334] The New York Times 2018 yil 17 iyulda Torshinning 2017 yilda Oq uyga tashrif buyurishi kerakligi haqida xabar bergan, ammo milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha yordamchining ta'kidlashicha Torshin Ispaniya hukumati tomonidan pul yuvish uchun tergov qilinmoqda.^[335]

CNN 2018 yil 4 aprel kuni Myullerning tergovchilari rus oligarxlari Tramp kampaniyasiga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yoki bilvosita noqonuniy xayr-ehson berganligini tekshirganligini va inauguratsiya. Tergovchilar oligarxlar amerikalik kompaniyalarga sarmoya kiritganmi yoki ularning fikr-mulohazalari markazlarini tekshirgan siyosiy harakatlar qo'mitalari kampaniyaga ulangan, shuningdek pulni amerikaliklar orqali olib ketgan somon donorlari Trump kampaniyasiga va ochilish fondiga. Hech bo'lmaganda bitta oligarx hibsga olingan va uning elektron moslamalari 2018 yil boshida Nyu-York aeroportiga shaxsiy samolyotida etib kelganida tintuv qilingan; tomonidan keyingi hisobot The New York Times erkak ekanligini aniqladi Viktor Vekselberg.^[336][337] Vekselberg saylovdan keyin Maykl Koenga yuz minglab dollar to'lash to'g'risida so'roq qilingan Kolumb Nova, Vekselbergning Amerikadagi filiali Renova guruhi.^[338] Yaqinda Qo'shma Shtatlarga safari chog'ida yana bir oligarx ham hibsga olingan, ammo uni qidirish-qidirmaslik aniq emas. Xabarlarga ko'ra, tergovchilar AQShga bormagan uchinchi oligarxdan o'z ixtiyori bilan hujjatlar va intervyu berishni so'rashgan.^[339]

The New York Times 2018 yil 9 aprelda Myuller tergovi 150 ming dollarlik xayriya mablag'larini o'rganayotgani haqida xabar bergan Viktor Pinchuk, ukrainalik milliarder, 2015 yil sentyabr oyida Donald J. Tramp fondi 20 daqiqali ko'rinish evaziga Tramp Kiyevdagi konferentsiyaga videoaloqa orqali ulangan. Ushbu bitim hujjatlarda ma'lum bo'ldi Trump Organization tergovchilarga 2018 yil boshida sudga chaqiruv asosida taqdim etilgan. Trampning o'zidan boshqa 2015 yilda olgan eng katta xayriya mablag'ini uning advokati Maykl Koen so'ragan. The Times sudga chaqiruv "bir nechta rossiyaliklar, shu jumladan ularning ismlari janob Trampga ochiqchasiga bog'lanmaganlari haqida hujjatlar, elektron pochta xabarlari va boshqa xabarlarni" talab qilganligini xabar qildi.^[340]

Tomonidan olingan hujjatlar The New York Times 2019 yil mart oyida Maykl Koenning elektron pochta xabarlarini qidirish uchun orderlarni Myuller tergovchilari 2017 yil iyulida olishganini ko'rsatib, bitta order bilan "2016 yil oktabrda o'sha paytdagi prezidentlikka nomzod Donald Trampga saylovoldi kampaniyasining noqonuniy hissasini qo'shish" sxemasiga murojaat qilgan. "Saylov kampaniyasida noqonuniy ravishda qo'shilgan mablag 'sxemasi" bilan bog'liq hujjatlarning o'n to'qqiz sahifasi to'liq qayta ko'rib chiqildi.^[341][342]

Koen reydlari

Yo'nalish asosida 2018 yil 9 aprelda Nyu-Yorkning janubiy okrugi bo'yicha AQSh sudi (SDNY) maxsus maslahatchidan, Federal qidiruv byurosi Nyu-York shahridagi ofis, turar joy, mehmonxona majmuasi va seyflar Maykl Koenning bir nechta mavzularga oid yozuvlarini yig'ib olish.^[343] Federal qidiruv byurosi Cohenning ofisida olib borilgan reyd davomida Koenning kompyuterlari, telefonlari va shaxsiy moliyaviy yozuvlarini, shu jumladan soliq deklaratsiyalarini hibsga olgan. 30 Rokfeller Plazmasi.^[344] CNN noma'lum manbalarga tayanib, qidiruv orderi "qidirilayotgan buyumlar jihatidan juda keng" ekanligini va unda bank yozuvlari borligini aytdi.^[345]

Bu order shaxsan Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn tomonidan tasdiqlangan va SDNYning korrupsiyaga qarshi kurashish bo'limi tomonidan amalga oshirilgan. Jefri Berman, SDNYning vaqtinchalik rahbari ishdan qaytarilgan; Trumpni tayinlagan, u Trump kampaniyasida ko'ngilli advokat sifatida ishlagan.^[346] Bundan tashqari, reydning sezgir xususiyati va advokat - mijozning imtiyozi, reydda qo'lga olinishi mumkin bo'lgan imtiyozli va himoyalangan hujjatlarni ehtiyotkorlik bilan ajratish uchun hujjatlarni ko'rib chiqish uchun maxsus "taint" guruhi talab qilinadi, ushbu ruxsat etilmagan hujjatlarni tergovchilarga etkazmaslik uchun.^[343] Huquqiy blogger va sobiq federal prokuror Ken Uayt of Popehat nashr etilgan Nyu-York Tayms Bunday reydni ma'qullash uchun zarur bo'lgan DOJ protseduralari to'g'risida bir oz ma'lumot berib, tintuv "prokuratura sudyani janob Tramp va janob Koen o'rtasidagi aloqalar quyida joylashganligiga ishontirishlariga ishonishini anglatadi. jinoyatchilik-firibgarlikni istisno qilish"advokat-mijoz imtiyozi. Bu reyd Koen va Tramp uchun" o'ta xavfli "deb nomlangan.^[347] Uayt Popehat-da keyingi tahlillarni joylashtirdi,^[348] 9-13.320 bo'limiga asoslanib [sic] [rektum 9-13.420] ning Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari advokatlari uchun qo'llanma, bu advokat binolarini qidirish bo'yicha ko'rsatmalar va qoidalarni belgilaydi.^[349]

Lobbistlar

Toni Podesta, hozirda bekor qilingan tashkilotning hammuassisi Podesta guruhi

2017 yil avgust oyida Myuller jamoasi olti firma, shu jumladan lobbichilik firmasining mansabdorlariga jyuri tomonidan katta chaqiriqlar berdi Podesta guruhi va "Merkuriy" mas'uliyati cheklangan jamiyati Ukrainaning rossiyaparast tashkilotining jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar kampaniyasi nomidan Evropa zamonaviy Ukraina markazi. Jamoatchilik bilan aloqalarni Pol Manafort boshqargan va 2012 yildan 2014 yilgacha bo'lgan.^{[350][351][352][353]} Podesta guruhi tomonidan boshqariladi Toni Podesta, va "Merkuriy" MChJ rahbarlik qiladi Vin Veber, sobiq GOP kongressmen.^[354] Myuller firmalar tomonidan buzilganligini tekshirmoqda Chet el agentlarini ro'yxatdan o'tkazish to'g'risidagi qonun (FARA). Podesta guruhi 2017 yil noyabr oyida doimiy ravishda yopilishini e'lon qildi, uning ko'plab xodimlari Podesta Group bosh direktori Kimberley Fritts tomonidan tashkil etilgan yangi firma Cogent Strategies-ga o'tdilar.^[355] Keyinchalik Myullerning vakolatxonasi bu masalani boshqa federal tergovchilarga topshirdi, ular 2019 yil sentyabr oyida Podesta yoki Veberga qarshi ayblovsiz yopib qo'yishdi.^[356]

Tramp tergov predmeti sifatida

Prezidentligi boshidanoq Tramp shaxsan tergov ostida emasligi to'g'risida kafolat so'ragan. Federal qidiruv byurosi direktori Komi unga uch marta shunday shaxsiy so'zlar bilan aytgan, ammo bu haqda jamoatchilik tomonidan izoh berishdan bosh tortgan.^[357] Komini ishdan bo'shatgan maktubida Tramp Komiga "menga uchta alohida holatda, meni tergov qilinmaganligi to'g'risida xabar bergani uchun" minnatdorchilik bildirdi.^[357][358] Keyinchalik Komi bu haqiqat ekanligini tasdiqladi.^[359]

Xabarlarga ko'ra, 2018 yil mart oyida Myullerning idorasi Trampning advokatlariga prezident "jinoiy nishon" emasligi, ammo davom etayotgan tergovning "sub'ekti" bo'lib qolayotgani to'g'risida xabar bergan. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Trampning maslahatchilari buni sharhlashda ikkiga bo'lingan, ba'zilari buni uning qonuniy ta'sirining pastligidan dalolat deb hisoblashgan, boshqalari esa Myuller uni shaxsiy suhbatga rozi bo'lishga undayotganidan xavotir bildirgan, bu uning advokatlari uni ko'nglini tusagan. u o'zini buzishi va shu bilan o'z mavqeini ob'ektdan maqsadga o'zgartirishi mumkinligidan qo'rqib. Xabar Myuller, shuningdek, advokatlarga "prezidentning lavozimida bo'lgan paytida qilgan harakatlari va odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilishi to'g'risida hisobot tayyorlayotgani" haqida maslahat berganini xabar qildi.^[360] Xabar Adliya vazirligi ko'rsatmalariga havola qilingan,^[361] nima tushuntiradi:

"Maqsad" - bu prokuror yoki katta hakamlar hay'ati tomonidan uni jinoyat sodir etganligi bilan bog'laydigan muhim dalillarga ega bo'lgan va prokurorning qaroriga binoan ayblanuvchi sudlanuvchi bo'lgan shaxs. tergov - bu xatti-harakatlar katta hay'at tekshiruvi doirasiga kiradigan shaxs.

Tramp 2018 yil 24-yanvar kuni jurnalistlarga guvohlik berishni "intizorlik bilan kutayotganini" aytdi qasam ichish Myullerning tergoviga, ehtimol "ikki yoki uch hafta ichida", ammo "bu mening advokatlarimga va bularning barchasiga bo'ysunishini" qo'shib qo'ydi.^[362] The Wall Street Journal 2018 yil 25 fevralda Trumpning advokatlari, agar u duch keladigan savollar doirasi cheklangan bo'lsa va uning eslashlarini potentsialga mos keladigan tarzda sinovdan o'tkazmasa, unga guvohlik berish usullarini ko'rib chiqayotgani haqida xabar berdi. yolg'on guvohlik beruvchi tuzoq. Ular Myullerning savollariga yozma javob berish va prezidentning yuzma-yuz ko'rsatmalar berishini ko'rib chiqmoqdalar.^[363] Washington Post 2018 yil 19 martda Trampning advokatlari Myullerning ofisiga "prezidentlik suhbati doirasini qisqartirish umidida tergov qilinayotgan muhim daqiqalarni aks ettiruvchi yozma tavsiflarni" taqdim etgani haqida xabar berdi.^[364] 2018 yil may oyida Trampning advokati Rudi Djuliani aytdi Politico Myuller jamoasi og'zaki suhbat o'rniga yozma ko'rsatma berish taklifini rad etganligi.^[365] Oxir oqibat Tramp maxsus maslahatchi bilan shaxsan suhbatlashmadi.^[366] 2018 yil noyabr oyida u bir qator savollarga yozma javob tayyorlayotganini aytdi va noyabr oyining oxirida uning yuridik jamoasi advokatning "so'rovning Rossiya bilan bog'liq mavzulariga oid" yozma savollariga javoblarni topshirganligini aytdi.^[367]

Boshqa mavzular

Intercept 2018 yil 2 martda Jared Kushner va uning otasi haqida xabar bergan Charlz Kushner ga taklif qildi Qatarmoliya vaziri, Ali Sharif Al Emadi, 2017 yil aprel oyida investitsiyalarni ta'minlash uchun 666-chi avenyu uning oilasi kompaniyasining portfelidagi aktiv, uning so'rovi bajarilmagach, Jared Kushnerning qo'llab-quvvatlashi bilan bir qator Yaqin Sharq davlatlari diplomatik hujumni boshladilar. Qatarni qamal qilish. Kushner, ayniqsa, harakatlarni susaytirdi Davlat kotibi Reks Tillerson qarama-qarshiliklarga chek qo'yish.^[368]

The New York Times 2018 yil 3 martda Myuller tergovi tomonidan mumkin bo'lgan harakatlarni o'rganib chiqqani haqida xabar berdi Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari (BAA) pulni Trump kampaniyasiga yo'naltirish orqali siyosiy ta'sirni sotib olish. Yaqinda tergovchilar amerikalik livanlik tadbirkor bilan intervyu o'tkazgan edi Jorj Naderva boshqa guvohlar, bu masala bo'yicha. Ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, Nader 2017 yil davomida Oq uyga tez-tez tashrif buyurgan va tergovchilar u qanday siyosat olib borishi mumkinligi haqida so'rashgan.^[369] Tergovchilar 2017 yil 11-yanvar kuni bo'lib o'tgan uchrashuvni ko'rib chiqdilar Seyshel orollari tomonidan chaqirilgan BAA Valiahd shahzoda Muhammad bin Zoid Ol Nahyan Nader ishtirok etgan ("MBZ" nomi bilan tanilgan). Shuningdek, ushbu uchrashuvda ishtirok etishdi Kirill Dmitriev, davlat bosh direktori Rossiya to'g'ridan-to'g'ri investitsiya jamg'armasiVladimir Putin bilan yaqin bo'lgan; va Qora suv asoschisi Erik shahzoda, Trumpning asosiy donori va Trump o'tish uchun norasmiy maslahatchi. Xabarlarga ko'ra BAA rasmiylari Shahzoda Tramp o'tish davrini, Dmitriev esa Putinni himoya qilmoqda.^[94] The Myullerning hisoboti Keyinchalik Nader knyazni Dmitriyevga "siz bilan uchrashish uchun Stiv [Bannon] tayinlagan! Men uni taniyman va u juda yaxshi bog'langan va unga yangi jamoat ishongan" sifatida vakillik qilganini aniqladi, shahzoda esa Nader uchun adolatli ekanligini tan oldi. Shahzoda ma'lumotni o'tish guruhiga etkazadi deb o'ylang ", - dedi Bannon tergovchilarga knyaz unga Dmitriev uchrashuvi to'g'risida oldindan xabar bermaganligini aytdi. Shahzoda Vakillar Palatasining Razvedka qo'mitasiga: "Men u erga biron bir rus yigiti bilan uchrashish uchun uchmaganman", deb guvohlik berdi, ammo Myullerning hisobotida u va Nader bilan Dmitriev bilan uchrashish uchun katta tayyorgarlik ko'rilganligi aniqlandi. Shahzoda u bilan Dmitriev o'rtasidagi ikkinchi uchrashuvni mehmonxonadagi barda tasodifiy uchrashish deb ta'riflagan bo'lsa-da, shahzoda uyiga qaytib kelgan qo'ng'iroqlardan Rossiya samolyot tashuvchisini Liviyadan olib chiqib ketganini bilganidan va uchrashuvni oldindan rejalashtirilgan edi. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Rossiyaning Liviyadagi ishtirokini qabul qilmasligini bildiring.^[370][371]

Ga tegishli bo'lgan samolyot Andrey Skoch- bo'ysunadigan rossiyalik milliarder AQSh sanktsiyalari- Seyshel orollariga shahzodaning o'zi kelishidan bir kun oldin kelgan.^[372] Washington Post 2017 yil 3 aprelda Amerika, Evropa va Arab rasmiylari Seyshel orollari uchrashuvi "Moskva va yangi saylangan prezident Donald Tramp o'rtasida orqa kanalli aloqa liniyasini o'rnatish uchun qilingan harakatlarning bir qismi" ekanligini aytgan edi. Shahzoda 2017 yil 30-noyabrda Vakillar Palatasi Razvedka qo'mitasining Trampning o'tish davri vakili bo'lganligi yoki uchrashuvda har qanday orqa kanal ishtirok etganligi haqidagi guvohliklarini rad etdi.^{[94][373][374]} Washington Post 2018 yil 7 martda Myuller shahzodaga zid bo'lgan dalillarni to'plaganligi haqida xabar berdi,^[375] va ABC News telekanali 2018 yil 6 aprelda Nader Seyshel orollari uchrashuvidan bir necha kun oldin Manxetten mehmonxonasida shahzoda bilan uchrashganini va keyinchalik unga Dmitriev haqidagi biografik ma'lumotlarni taqdim etganini xabar qildi.^[376] CNN 2018 yil 6 mart kuni Naderni Federal Qidiruv Byurosi hibsga olgani va so'roq qilgani haqida xabar berdi Dulles xalqaro aeroporti u 2018 yil 17 yanvarda chet el safaridan qaytayotganda.^[377]

Qidiruv orderlari bo'lgan agentlar Naderning elektron moslamalarini nusxalarini ko'chirib oldilar va unga 19 yanvar kuni katta hakamlar hay'ati oldiga kelish uchun chaqiruv qog'ozi bilan xizmat qildilar. CNN shuningdek Naderning Nyu-Yorkdagi 2016 yil dekabrida bo'lib o'tgan yig'ilishida ishtirok etgani haqida xabar berdi. MBZ; Birlashgan Arab Amirliklarining AQShdagi elchisi Yousef Al Otaiba; va Trumpning kamida uchta katta sherigi: Maykl Flinn, Stiv Bannon va Jared Kushner.^[378] The Wall Street Journal 2018 yil 2 aprelda Myullerning tergovchilari xususiy konsalting kompaniyasi tomonidan amalga oshirilgan ishlar to'g'risida surishtirgani haqida xabar berdi, Vikistrat, BAA nomidan. Xabarlarga ko'ra, firma asoschilaridan biri Joel Zameldan uning ma'lum mijozlar bilan ishlashi va Jorj Nader bilan ishbilarmonlik aloqalari to'g'risida so'rashgan. Jurnal Nader singari Zamel ham Trampning yangi ma'muriyati bilan munosabatlarni o'rnatishga harakat qilganini xabar qildi.^[379]

The New York Times 2018 yil 4 aprelda Naderning Rossiya bilan aloqalari kamida 2012 yildan boshlangan, u Rossiya va Iroq o'rtasida 4,2 milliard dollarlik qurol-yarog 'savdosida vositachilik qilganida va Moskvada faqat sheriklar tomonidan tashkil etilgan konferentsiyada qatnashganligi haqida xabar bergan edi. Vladimir Putin. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Nader tez-tez Rossiyaga BAA nomidan borgan va bu safarlarning ko'pida MBZ bilan birga bo'lgan va Putin bilan suratga tushgan. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Nader Myuller tergovi bilan hamkorlik qilgani uchun hech bo'lmaganda qisman immunitet olgan. The Times shuningdek, Joel Zamel to'xtatilganligi haqida xabar berdi Reygan xalqaro aeroporti 2018 yil fevral oyida uning elektron moslamalari qisqa muddat hibsga olingan va keyinchalik Myullerning katta hakamlar hay'ati oldida Nader bilan munosabatlari to'g'risida guvohlik bergan.^[380] The New York Times 2018 yil 19-may kuni Tramp minorasida Nader, shahzoda va Zamel bilan 2016 yil 3 avgustda uchrashgani haqida xabar bergan edi. Nader kichik Trampga Saudiya Arabistoni va BAAning valiahd shahzodalari otasiga yordam berishga intilganligini aytdi. saylov. Kichik Trampning advokatiga ko'ra Alan Futerfas, Zamel o'zining Isroil kompaniyasidan ijtimoiy media manipulyatsiyasi kampaniyasini o'tkazdi Psy-Group, garchi Zamelning advokati Mark Mukasey buni rad etdi. Xabarlarga ko'ra, kichik Trump bir manbaga ko'ra ijobiy javob bergan, ammo Futerfas buni rad etgan. Keyinchalik Nader Stiv Bannon, Maykl Flinn va Jared Kushner bilan tez-tez uchrashib turdi. Tramp saylangandan so'ng Nader Zamelga 2 million dollargacha katta miqdordagi pul to'lagan.^[381] The Times shahzoda 2016 yil avgust uchrashuvini tashkil qilganligi haqida xabar berdi; Shahzoda 2017 yil 30-noyabr kuni Vakillar Palatasining Razvedka qo'mitasiga bergan ko'rsatmasida Trump kampaniyasi bilan rasmiy aloqalari yoki aloqalari va norasmiy roli yo'qligini aytgan edi.^[382] The Times 2018 yil 8 oktyabrda Rik Geyts bir muncha vaqt o'tgach, Psy-Group-dan ijtimoiy media manipulyatsiyasi va muxolifat tadqiqotlari Trampning asosiy raqiblari va Hillari Klintonga qarshi. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Geyts Psy-Group takliflariga qiziqmagan, chunki Tramp kampaniyasi doirasida ijtimoiy media strategiyasi ishlab chiqilgan va Tramp kampaniyasining Psy-Group takliflarini amalga oshirganligi to'g'risida hech qanday dalil yo'q. Myuller tergovi takliflarning nusxalarini oldi va Psy-Group xodimlarini so'roq qildi.^[383]

Axios 2018 yil 4 martda Myullerning ofisi 2018 yil fevral oyida guvohga yuborgan jyuri sudining katta chaqiruvini ko'rganligi haqida xabar berdi. Axios guvohning ismini aytmadi. Xabar qilinishicha, chaqiruv chaqiruvi 2015 yil 1 noyabrdan to shu kungacha guvohning Trampga "nisbatan" yuborgan yoki qabul qilgan barcha xabarlarni talab qiladi; Karter Peyj; Kori Levandovski; Umid Xiks; Keyt Shiller; Maykl Koen; Pol Manafort; Rik Geyts; Rojer Stoun; va Stiv Bannon.^[384] NBC News-ning keyingi hisobotida ta'kidlanishicha, sudga chaqiruv "ish qog'ozlari, telefon jurnallari va boshqa hujjatlarni" ham qamrab oladi.^[385] 2018 yil 5 mart kuni guvoh kimligi aniqlandi Sem Nunberg, 2015 yil 2 avgustgacha Trump kampaniyasida aloqa bo'yicha maslahatchi bo'lib ishlagan va keyinchalik norasmiy maslahatchi sifatida ishlagan. Nunberg 2018 yil 9 martda federal katta sud hay'ati oldida sudga chaqirilganligini aytdi, ammo u sudga kelishdan yoki sudga chaqirilgan hujjatlarni taqdim etishdan bosh tortishini aytdi.^[386][387] 2018 yil 5 martda televizorning bir necha marotaba chiqishlaridan so'ng, Nunberg ertasi kuni chaqiruv chaqiruviga rioya qilishni rejalashtirganligini ko'rsatdi.^[388]

Nyu-Yorker 2018 yil 5-mart kuni xabar bergan Kristofer Stil 2017 yil sentyabr oyida Myullerning tergovchilari bilan suhbatlashdi. Jurnal Stilning ta'kidlashicha, u 2016 yil noyabrida yozgan yana bir hujjatni - Po'lat hujjatlar- bu rus tilida eshitilgan "yuqori martabali amaldor" munozaralarini tasvirlaydi Tashqi Ishlar Vazirligi: Kreml Trampdan "belgilanmagan kanallar orqali" tayinlamaslikni so'raganligi Mitt Romni davlat kotibi sifatida.^[389][390] 2012 yilda prezidentlikka nomzod sifatida Romni Rossiyani "bizning birinchi raqamli geosiyosiy dushmanimiz" deb ta'riflagan.^[391] Romni davlat kotibi sifatida omma oldida ko'rib chiqilgandan so'ng, Tramp oxir-oqibat Rossiyada uzoq vaqt davomida ishbilarmonlik aloqalari tarixiga ega bo'lgan va mukofot bilan taqdirlangan Reks Tillersonni tanladi. Do'stlik ordeni 2013 yilda Vladimir Putin tomonidan.^[392]

Senatning moliya qo'mitasi haqida hisobot Maykl Koenmoliyaviy jinoyatlar va ular bilan ishlash Novartis

Washington Post 2018 yil 6 martda Myullerning idorasi Trampning uzoq yillik shaxsiy advokati Maykl Koenning faoliyati to'g'risida hujjatlar talab qilgani va guvohlar bilan suhbat qilgani haqida xabar berdi. Xabarlarga ko'ra, tergovchilar Rossiya manfaatlariga oid kamida ikkita epizod, shu jumladan, Trump Tower Moskvaning qurilishi va "Tramp ish boshlaganidan bir hafta o'tgach, ukrainalik qonun chiqaruvchi tomonidan Cohenga etkazilgan Ukraina uchun Rossiyaga do'stona tinchlik taklifi" bilan qiziqmoqda. .^[393] The New York Times 2019 yil 10-yanvarda Myuller tergovchilari va boshqa federal prokurorlar Trampning inauguratsiyasida qatnashgan o'ndan ziyod Rossiyaga moslashgan Ukrainaning siyosiy va biznes arboblari faoliyatini tekshirayotgani, go'yo Rossiyaga moyil "tinchlik rejasi" ni targ'ib qilgani haqida xabar berishdi. Rossiyaga qarshi sanktsiyalarni bekor qilishni o'z ichiga olgan Ukraina. Andrey Artemenko, Trampning inauguratsiyasida qatnashgan ukrainalik siyosatchi, FBI va Myullerning katta hakamlar hay'ati, inaururatsiyadan bir necha kun o'tgach, Nyu-Yorkda Trumpning advokati Maykl Koen va Trumpning sobiq sherigi Feliks Sater bilan uchrashib, taklif bilan chiqishdi. . Koen Artemenkoning taklifini Maykl Flinnga Flinn milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchisi lavozimidan ketishdan bir hafta oldin topshirdi.^[394]

The New York Times 2018 yil 7 martda Myuller tergovi Trampning ikkita guvoh bilan ularning tergovchilar bilan ko'rsatuvlari to'g'risida qilgan suhbatlaridan xabardorligini xabar qildi. Bir suhbatda Tramp Oq uyning maslahatchisini so'radi Don McGahn hikoyani rad etgan bayonot berish^[395] The Times 2018 yil yanvar oyida nashr etilgan. Ushbu hikoyada McGahnning tergovchilarga Trampga Adliya vazirligiga Myullerni ishdan bo'shatish to'g'risida ko'rsatma berishini buyurgani haqida xabar berilgan edi. McGahn hech qachon bu bayonotni chiqarmagan va xabarlarga ko'ra, Trampga prezident aslida Myullerni ishdan bo'shatishni aytganini aytgan. The New York Times 2018 yil 18 avgustda McGahn bir necha oy davomida Myuller tergovi bilan keng hamkorlik qilib kelgani va u va uning advokati Tramp "janob McGahnga to'siq sifatida talqin qilinishi mumkin bo'lgan qarorlar qabul qilinishiga yo'l qo'yishga qaror qilganidan xavotirga tushganligi to'g'risida xabar berdi. Komil otishma singari odil sudlov, maxsus maslahatchiga faqat janob McGahn-ning yuridik maslahatiga amal qilayotganini aytib.^[396] Shuningdek, Tramp shtabning sobiq rahbaridan so'radi Reince Priebus uning tergovchilar bilan suhbati qanday o'tgani va ular "yoqimli" ekanligi. The Times "yuridik ekspertlar" suhbatlar, ehtimol, guvohlarni buzish degani emas deb o'ylagan bo'lsalar-da, suhbatlardan xabardor bo'lgan guvohlar va advokatlar bu haqda Myullerga xabar berishdi.^[397]

The New York Times 2018 yil 15 martda Myuller tomonidan olib borilgan tergov hujjatlari chaqirilganligi haqida xabar bergan Tramp tashkilotishu jumladan Rossiya bilan bog'liq barcha hujjatlar. Sud chaqiruvining to'liq ko'lami aniq bo'lmasa-da, tergovchilar Trampning biznesidan hujjatlarni talab qilgan birinchi marta ma'lum bo'lgan.^[398] Los-Anjeles Tayms o'sha kuni maxsus advokatlik idorasi hujjatlar uchun Tramp kampaniyasini chaqirgani haqida xabar berdi.^[399]

The Daily Beast 2018 yil 22 martda Myuller tekshiruvni o'z zimmasiga olgani haqida xabar berdi Guccifer 2.0 Federal qidiruv byurosidan.^[400]

NBC News 2018 yil 30-mart kuni xabar berdi Ted Mallox, Tramp kampaniyasi bilan ishlagan londonlik amerikalik professor va muallif, ikki kun oldin Londondan uchib ketgandan so'ng Boston Logan aeroportiga etib kelganida Federal Qidiruv Byurosi tomonidan hibsga olingan va so'roq qilingan. Unga 13 aprel kuni Myullerning tergovchilari tomonidan so'roq qilish uchun chaqiruv varaqasi topshirilgan va uning telefonini tortib olish va tintuv o'tkazish to'g'risida order berilgan. - dedi Mallox NBC elektron pochta orqali Federal Qidiruv Byurosi xodimlari unga turli xil savollar bergan, shu jumladan Rojer Stoun, muallif Jerom Korsiva WikiLeaks.^[401] CNN Malloch yaqinda kelayotgan kitobni "chuqur davlat"Qo'shma Shtatlar hukumati ichida uydirma Po'lat hujjatlar Trampni yo'q qilish.^[402] Korsi 2018 yil sentyabr oyida Myullerning tergovchilari tomonidan so'roq qilish uchun chaqirtirildi va noyabrgacha u yolg'on guvohnomada ayblandi. O'sha oy sudga yuborilgan ariza loyihasida 2016 yil yozida Korsi va Stounning elektron pochta xabarlari almashib, Wikileaks tomonidan yaqinlashib kelayotgan elektron pochta "axlatxonalari" haqida bilimlari ko'rsatilgan edi. Bir elektron pochta xabarida Stoun Korsiga Assanj bilan bog'lanishni buyurdi, u Korsi tergovchilarga u mensimaganligini aytdi, garchi tergovchilar uning yo'riqnomasini Londondagi sherigiga topshirganini aniqladilar, keyinchalik Korsi uni Mallox deb tanidi.^[403]

Maykl R. Kaputo, Trump kampaniyasining sobiq aloqa bo'yicha maslahatchisi, Myullerning tergovchilari bilan 2018 yil 2 mayda intervyu bergan edi. Kaputo Tramp kampaniyasiga Pol Manafort tomonidan yollangan va ilgari rus siyosatchilari bilan ishlagan.^[404][405] Ning uzoq yillik hamkori Rojer Stoun, Kaputo o'zining intervyusidan so'ng, "Ular hanuzgacha Rossiyaning til biriktirishiga e'tibor qaratishlari aniq. Ular Tramp kampaniyasi to'g'risida u erda ishlaganlardan ko'ra ko'proq bilishadi", deb aytdi.^[406]

CNN 2018 yil 5-may kuni Myullerning tergovchilari Trampning yaqin do'sti va inauguratsiya qo'mitasi raisi bilan suhbatlashganini xabar qildi. Tom Barrak 2017 yil dekabrida undan, avvalambor, Manafort va Geyts bilan munosabatlari haqida so'rab Associated Press intervyu kengroq bo'lib, saylov kampaniyasini moliyalashtirish masalalarini o'z ichiga olganligini xabar qildi.^[407][408]

2018 yil 9-may kuni, CNBC Myullerning idorasi telekommunikatsiya giganti bilan bog'langanligini xabar qildi AT & T kamida $ 200,000, lekin, ehtimol, $ 600,000gacha bo'lgan to'lovlarga nisbatan,^[409] kelayotgan Trump ma'muriyati haqida "tushunchalar" olish uchun Maykl Koen tomonidan tashkil etilgan kompaniyaga qilingan.^[410] AT&T vakili 2017 yil noyabr va dekabr oylarida Maxsus maslahatchi tomonidan so'ralgan barcha ma'lumotlarni taqdim etganliklarini aytdi.^[411]

Glenn R. Simpson, hammuassisi Fusion GPS, 2017 yil 22-avgustda Senatning Sud-huquq qo'mitasida ko'rsatma bergan: Federal qidiruv byurosi Kristofer Stilga, keyin esa Stil Simpsonga - Federal qidiruv byurosi "Tramp tashkiloti ichidan odam manbai" borligini (va aniqrog'i, ichki Trampni) aytgan. kampaniya manbai "). Simpson Stil bu ma'lumotni qachon olganini yoki uni Simpsonga qachon etkazganiga ishora qilmadi.^[412] Washington Post 2018 yil 8-may kuni FBI va Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasining uzoq vaqtdan beri ma'lumot beruvchisi Rossiya va Tramp kampaniyasi o'rtasidagi aloqalar to'g'risida FBI tergovchilariga tergov boshlanishida ma'lumot berganligi haqida xabar bergan.^[413] Bu FQB Trump kampaniyasi ichiga "mol" qo'ygan degan taxminlarni keltirib chiqardi, garchi Simpson ta'riflagan shaxs bir xil shaxs tomonidan tasvirlangani aniq emas edi. Xabar. Washington Post 2018 yil 9-may kuni Vakillar Palatasining Razvedka qo'mitasi raisi Devin Nunes Adliya vazirligiga chaqirib, unga uzoq yillik ma'lumot beruvchi bilan bog'liq barcha hujjatlarni taqdim etgani haqida xabar berdi; Xabar chaqiruv chaqiruvidan "rais Nunesning 2018 yil 24-aprelda bosh prokurorga yuborilgan maxfiy maktubida havola qilingan yoki unga aloqador bo'lgan barcha hujjatlarni" talab qilayotganini aytdi, garchi Nunes har qanday aniq shaxsga murojaat qilganini rad etgan bo'lsa-da.^[414] Ma'lumotni oshkor qilish Federal Qidiruv Byurosi va Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi uchun uzoq vaqt yashirin ma'lumot beruvchi hayotiga xavf tug'dirishi mumkinligi sababli Adliya vazirligi qarshilik ko'rsatdi va Tramp Oq Uy - prezidentning kelishuvi bilan - Adliya vazirligi tomoniga o'tdi.^[413][415] The New York Times 2018 yil 16-may kuni xabar berishicha, kamida bitta hukumat ma'lumotchisi Trampning saylovoldi yordamchilari Karter Peyj va Jorj Papadopulos bilan bir necha bor uchrashgan.^[3]

Washington Post 2018 yil 9-yanvarda Simpson aytgan manba, albatta, xohlagan holda yoki to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yoki kampaniya davomida ma'lumot beruvchi bo'lishi mumkin emas, balki keyinchalik huquqbuzarliklarga aralashishi natijasida axborot beruvchiga aylanishi mumkinligini ta'kidladi. Natasha Bertran, keyin bilan Business Insider, 2018 yil 3-yanvar kuni xabar qilinganidek, uning manbasi Simpson Trampning inauguratsiyasidan etti kun o'tgach FTB tomonidan birinchi marta intervyu bergan Jorj Papadopulosni nazarda tutganligini aytdi.^[251] va Federal Qidiruv Byurosi bilan hamkorlik - "Hukumat tegishli deb bilgan har qanday va barcha masalalar bo'yicha ma'lumot berish" - hibsga olinishi bilan 2017 yil 27 iyulda boshlangan va 2017 yil oktyabr oyida ayblov xulosasiga qadar ommaviy ravishda ma'lum bo'lmagan.^{[416][417][418]} The New York Times 2018 yil 18-may kuni Federal qidiruv byurosi (FBI) Jorj Papadopulos bilan uchrashish va keyingi bir necha oy ichida Karter Peyj bilan bir necha bor uchrashish uchun FBI ikki kishining ruslar bilan shubhali aloqada bo'lganligi to'g'risida dalillarni qo'lga kiritgandan keyin ma'lumot beruvchini yuborgani haqida xabar berdi. .^[419] Washington Post o'sha kuni xabar bergan birinchi bo'lib 2016 yil iyul oyida Britaniyada bo'lib o'tgan simpoziumda Peyjga murojaat qilgan va 2016 yil sentyabr oyida Papadopulosni Londonga tadqiqot ishi ustida ishlashga taklif qilgan. O'sha yozning oxirida informator Trump kampaniyasining hamraisi bilan ham uchrashdi Sem Klovis Shimoliy Virjiniyada.^[420] Ma'lumot beruvchi Britaniyada dars beradigan amerikalik akademik ekanligi aniqlandi, ammo ikkalasi ham The Times va Xabar ismini nashr etishdan bosh tortdi. NBC News uning shaxsini aniqladi Stefan Halper.^[421]

Washington Post 2018 yil 28-iyun kuni Myuller tergovi hamda Britaniyalik tergovchilar o'rtasidagi munosabatlarni o'rganayotgani haqida xabar berishdi Brexit harakati, Rossiya va Trump kampaniyasi. Xabar Myullerning tergovchilari ikki kishidan, shu jumladan Trampning aloqa xizmatining sobiq amaldoridan alohida so'raganligini xabar qildi Maykl Kaputo, Trump sheriklari va Brexit rahbari o'rtasidagi munosabatlar haqida Nayjel Faraj.^[422] Xabarlarga ko'ra, Tramp kampaniyasi bilan ishlagan va keyinchalik Myuller tergovchilari tomonidan so'roq qilingan Ted Mallox Farajga yaqin bo'lgan.^[423]

ABC News 2018 yil 20 sentyabrda Maykl Koen Myuller tergovchilari tomonidan shu vaqtdan beri bir necha bor intervyu olgani haqida xabar berdi u bir oy oldin ayblovni tan oldi. Suhbatlarda Trampning rossiyaliklar bilan ishbilarmonlik munosabatlari, ruslar va Tramp kampaniyasi o'rtasidagi taxminiy til biriktirilishi va Tramp yoki uning sheriklari u bilan Koenni afv etish masalasini muhokama qilganmi, degan mavzular keng muhokama qilindi.^[424][425]

2018 yil avgust oyida muhrlangan sud ishi ilgari surilgan Beril Xauell, bosh sudyasi DC tuman sudi, sudyalarning katta ishlarini nazorat qiluvchi. Ish Howell va the o'rtasida orqaga va orqaga qaytdi DC tuman apellyatsiya sudi Bir necha hafta davomida, matbuotning taxminlari bo'yicha, maxfiy ish Myuller chaqirig'iga da'vo qilgan guvoh bilan bog'liq. CNN muxbirlari Myuller advokatlari sentyabr oyida Xauellning sud zaliga kirib kelayotganini kuzatdilar.^[426][427] Keyinroq CNN ushbu ishda Myullerning chaqiruv chaqiruvi bo'lganligini tasdiqladi. 14-dekabr kuni ishni tuman sudining uch sudyadan iborat hay'ati ko'rib chiqdi, shunday maxfiylik sharoitida, sud binosining butun beshinchi qavati tozalanganligi sababli, muxbirlar jarayonni yoki ishtirokchilarni kuzata olmadilar.^[426] To'rt kundan so'ng, sudyalar da'vogar, ismi oshkor etilmagan xorijiy kompaniya, sud chaqiruviga rioya qilishlari kerak degan qarorga kelishdi.^[428] Kompaniya 22-dekabr kuni sud qaroriga qarshi shikoyat bilan murojaat qildi, garchi sud to'liq muhrlangan ishlarni ko'rib chiqishi ma'lum emas.^[429] Sud apellyatsiya shikoyatini 2019 yil 8 yanvarda rad etdi.^[430]

Facebook-Cambridge Analytica ma'lumotlari bilan bog'liq janjal

The Wall Street Journal 2017 yil 15 dekabrda Myullerning idorasi xodimlardan elektron pochta xabarlarini so'raganligi va qabul qilganligi haqida xabar bergan Cambridge Analytica, o'sha yil boshida Trump kampaniyasida ishlagan ma'lumotlar tahlil firmasi.^[431][432] Associated Press 2018 yil 22-mart kuni xabar berishicha, maxsus maslahatchi kompaniya, Trump kampaniyasi va Respublika milliy qo'mitasi, xususan, saylovchilar to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlar jang maydonidagi davlatlarda qanday ishlatilganligi.^[433] Oxir oqibat, ammo final Myullerning hisoboti Cambridge Analytica bilan bog'liq hech qanday xulosa chiqarmadi va bu nom hisobotning ikki jildida ko'rinmaydi.

Bir nechta axborot agentliklari 2018 yil 4-aprel kuni 87 million kishining xavfsizligi to'g'risida xabar berishdi Facebook foydalanuvchilarning shaxsiy ma'lumotlari ularning roziligisiz Cambridge Analytica orqali tarqatilib, saylovchilarga ta'sir ko'rsatdi va Trampga 2016 yilgi saylovlarda g'alaba qozonishiga yordam berdi.^{[434][435][436]} The New York Times 2018 yil 15-may kuni Adliya vazirligi va Federal qidiruv byurosi Cambridge Analytica-ni tekshirayotgani haqida xabar bergan bo'lsa-da, tergovda Myullerning idorasi ishtirok etganligi noma'lum edi.^[437]

Narxi

2018 yil dekabrga kelib, tergov taxminan 25 million dollarga tushgan, ammo taxminan 48 million dollar ishlab topgan. Tergov xarajatlarining yarmidan ko'pi xodimlarning tovon puli va nafaqalari uchun sarflangan. Daromad birinchi navbatda tergovdagi maqsadlar bo'yicha to'lanmagan soliqlarni aniqlash, aktivlarni hibsga olish va jarimalarni undirish hisobiga amalga oshirildi.^[438]

Jinoiy javobgarlik

Maxsus maslahat 34 kishiga - etti nafar AQSh fuqarosi, 26 nafar Rossiya fuqarosi va bitta Gollandiyalikga va uchta Rossiya tashkilotiga nisbatan ayblov e'lon qildi. FBIning boshqa idoralariga yuborish natijasida qo'shimcha ikki shaxsga nisbatan ayblov e'lon qilindi.^[439]

Manafort da ommaviy axborot vositalari bilan suhbatlashish 2016 yilgi Respublika milliy anjumani

Trump kampaniyasi a'zolariga qarshi ayblovlar e'lon qilindi Jorj Papadopulos, Pol Manafort, Rik Geyts, Maykl Flinnva Maykl Koen. Bank hisobvarag'i sotuvchisiga nisbatan ham ayblovlar undirildi Richard Pinedo,^[440] va advokat Aleks van der Zvaan Pol Manafort hamkori Konstantin Kilimnik. Shuningdek, Rossiyada ham ayblangan Internet tadqiqot agentligi va tegishli tashkilot va shaxslar tomonidan boshqariladi Yevgeniy Prigojin, va Viktor Netyksho deb nomlangan bir guruh rus xakerlari va boshqalar.^[441] 2020 yil 16 martda AQSh hukumati Prigojinga tegishli kompaniyalarga qo'yilgan ayblovlarni bekor qildi Concord boshqarish va konsalting va Konkordli ovqatlanish.^[442]

Maykl Koenning Senatning razvedka qo'mitasiga yolg'on gapirgani uchun aybdor deb topilganidan so'ng, reyting a'zosi Mark Uorner Qo'mita Muellerga shaxslarni bir necha bor jinoiy murojaat qilganligini va boshqa soxta ko'rsatmalar uchun guvohlarning ko'rsatmalarini o'rganishni davom ettirayotganini aytdi.^[443] Demokratlar nazorati ostidagi Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi 2019 yil fevral oyida ovoz berib, o'nlab guvohlarning ko'rsatmalarini va minglab boshqa hujjatlarni Myullerning ofisiga yubordi. Qo'mita respublikachilari 2018 yilda respublikachilar qo'mitani nazorat qilganda demokratlarning hujjatlarni Myuller ofisiga yuborish harakatlarini to'sib qo'yishdi.^[444]

2019 yil 25 yanvarda, Rojer Stoun, uzoq vaqtdan beri Donald Trampning maslahatchisi, Federal Qidiruv Byurosi tomonidan Florida shtatidagi tong otishidan hibsga olingan.^[445] The indictment filed by the Office of the Special Counsel contained 7 charges, including obstruction of an official proceeding, witness tampering, and lying to congress in regard to the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 US election and his involvement with WikiLeaks.^[446] In the charging document, prosecutors alleged that, after the first Wikileaks release of hacked DNC emails in July 2016, "a senior Trump Campaign official was directed to contact Stone about any additional releases and what other damaging information [WikiLeaks] had regarding the Clinton Campaign. Stone thereafter told the Trump Campaign about potential future releases of damaging material by [WikiLeaks]." The indictment also alleged that Stone had discussed Wikileaks releases with multiple senior Trump campaign officials. By the time of those contacts, it had been publicly reported that the DNC emails had been hacked by Russians and provided to Wikileaks.^[447][448] Stone was convicted of all charges in November 2019, after the conclusion of the investigation and his sentence was commuted by Trump.^[449]

Ayblov xulosalari

Jami thirty-four individuals and three companies were ayblanmoqda by Mueller's investigators. Eight have aybini tan oldi to or been convicted of jinoyatlar, including five Trump associates and campaign officials. None of those five convictions "involved a conspiracy between the campaign and Russians"^[450] and "Mueller did not charge or suggest charges for [...] whether the Trump campaign worked with the Russians to influence the election".^[451] The investigation was, however, more complex. On May 29, 2019, In a press conference, Mueller stated that "If we had confidence that the president clearly did not commit a crime, we would have said that. We did not, however, make a determination as to whether the president did commit a crime... A president cannot be charged with a federal crime while he is in office. That is unconstitutional. Even if the charge is kept under seal and hidden from public view – that too is prohibited."^[452]

Dozens of ongoing investigations originally handled by the Special Counsel's office were forwarded to district and state prosecutors, other Adliya vazirligi (DoJ) branches, and other federal agencies.^[453] The following (in alphabetical order) were indicted during the Mueller investigation:

• 13 Russians implicated in election interference: Mueller's team indicted thirteen Russian citizens and three Russian entities, including the Internet tadqiqot agentligi (IRA), for conducting social media campaigns about the U.S. elections,^[454] and twelve members of the Russian GRU kiber josuslik sifatida tanilgan guruh Chiroyli ayiq, uchun hacking and leaking DNC emails^[160] in June 2018. The other Russian indicted who was not a direct employee of Fancy Bear was Russian business tycoon Yevgeniy Prigojin, who was alleged to have served as the financier for the organization.^[455]
• Mariya Butina, who had claimed to be a Russian gun activist, was investigated by the Special Counsel investigators and then prosecuted by the National Security Law Unit. She was imprisoned for josuslik after entering a guilty plea.^[456][457]
• Maykl Koen, Trump's personal lawyer, pled guilty to making hush payments ga Bo'ronli Daniels va Karen Makdugal buzilishi bilan saylov kampaniyasini moliyalashtirish to'g'risidagi qonunlar, and was convicted for several unrelated counts of bank and tax fraud.^[458][459]
• General-leytenant Maykl Flinnsifatida tayinlangan edi Milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchi by the incoming Trump administration, was dismissed from his position and later pled guilty to making false statements to FBI investigators about his conversations with Russian ambassador Sergey Kislyak prezident o'tish davrida.^[460][461]
• Konstantin Kilimnik, Manafort's business partner in Ukraine, was indicted for guvohni buzish at the behest of Manafort;^[462] Kilimnik is suspected of working for Rossiya razvedkasi.^[463]
• Pol Manafort, former Trump campaign chairman was aybdor deb topildi on eight felony counts of soliq to'lashdan bo'yin tovlash va bank fraud,^[464] pursuant to his earlier lobbying activities for the Mintaqalar partiyasi of former Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovich.^[465][466] Keyinchalik u o'zini aybdor deb bildi aldash uchun fitna and obstruction of justice;^[467][468] in total, he was sentenced to over seven years in jail^[469] 2018 yil fevral oyida.
• Jorj Papadopulos, Trump campaign adviser, was convicted for making false statements to the FBI.^[343]
• Rojer Stoun, a longtime Trump advisor who had met with a Russian person offering to sell derogatory financial information about Hillari Klinton,^[470] was indicted on seven charges of lying to Congress and witness tampering. He pled not guilty.^[471] The jury subsequently found him guilty on all seven counts.^[472]

Xulosa

Maktub Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barr to leaders of the Uy va Senat sud-huquq qo'mitalari notifying them about conclusion of the investigation

Hisobot Bosh prokurorga yuborildi

On March 22, 2019, the special counsel's office concluded their investigation and sent a report to the Adliya vazirligi where it was received by Attorney General Uilyam Barr. Barr, at Trump's nomination, had become Attorney General on February 14, 2019, gaining oversight of the investigation from Trump-appointed Acting Attorney General Metyu Uitaker. Whitaker had assumed oversight from Rosenstein on November 7, 2018, after the resignation of then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who had recused himself from the investigation. Both Barr and Whitaker had been critical of the Mueller investigation before their appointments. Barr has faced bipartisan pressure to release the full report to the public, to the maximum extent permissible by law.^[473]

On March 24, 2019, Attorney General Barr sent to'rt sahifali xat to Congress regarding the special counsel's findings regarding Russian interference and obstruction of justice.^[474] Barr said that on the question of Russian interference in the election, Mueller detailed two ways in which Russia attempted to influence the election, firstly dezinformatsiya va ijtimoiy tarmoqlar campaigns by the Internet Research Agency to cause social discord, and secondly kompyuterni buzish and strategic release of emails from the Hillari Klintonning prezidentlik saylovoldi tashviqoti and Democratic Party organizations.^[475][476] However, Barr quoted the report as saying: "[T]he investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities."^{[165][474][477][478]}

On the question of obstruction of justice, Barr said no conclusion was reached by the special counsel, noting that Mueller wrote "while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him".^[477][479] Barr and Rosenstein concluded that the evidence for obstruction of justice could not form the basis for a prosecution.^{[480][481][482]} On April 18, Barr and Rosenstein held a press conference ninety minutes before a qayta tahrirlangan version of the report, titled Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlariga aralashuvini tekshirish bo'yicha hisobot, was released to Congress and the public.^[483] A less-redacted version is planned to be accessible to "a bipartisan group of leaders from several Congressional committees".^[484]

Bosh prokurorning xatini kuzatib borish

The New York Times reported on April 3, that some members of the special counsel had told associates that they believe Barr's letter did not adequately portray their findings, which they considered to be more troubling for Trump than reported.^[485] Ertasiga; ertangi kun, Washington Post reported that members of Mueller's team, who spoke anonymously, reported that the evidence gathered on obstruction of justice was "much more acute than Barr suggested."^[486] These members of Mueller's team revealed that they believed that the evidence showed Trump obstructed justice, but that the entire team could not draw a conclusion because they were split over the evidence and law.^[486][487] Vashington Xabar report did not explain why they believed their findings to be more serious than Barr's conclusions and it is unknown how many members of the special counsel hold these opinions.^[488]

Barr's letter quoted Mueller's report as stating, "the evidence does not establish that the President was involved in an underlying crime related to Russian election interference," leading Barr to write, "the evidence developed during the Special Counsel's investigation is not sufficient to establish that the President committed an obstruction-of-justice offense," and concluding, "while not determinative, the absence of such evidence bears upon the President's intent with respect to obstruction." Some legal analysts challenged Barr's reasoning that Trump would not have intended to obstruct justice solely because he knew he had not committed a crime, noting that one can have intent to obstruct justice for other reasons, such as protecting associates from harm.^{[489][490][491][478]}

Kongress to'liq hisobot berishni talab qiladi

On April 3, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee, which did not receive the unredacted report by its April 2 deadline,^[492] voted 24-17 along party lines to approve a resolution which authorizes subpoenas of the full report.^[493][492] The resolution also authorized subpoenas related to five of President Donald Trump's former top advisers, including strategist Steve Bannon, communications director Hope Hicks, chief of staff Reince Priebus, former-White House counsel Donald McGahn and counsel Enni Donaldson.^[494][495]

The Justice Department discussed the report with White House attorneys, and Barr discussed it in a April 18, 2019, press conference, a few hours before its release to Congress and the public later that day.^[483]

On April 19, 2019, Nadler issued a subpoena for the release of the full unredacted report.^[496][497] On May 3, 2019, Nadler informed Barr that a subpoena had been issued giving him until May 6 to release the full unredacted Mueller Report to the House Judiciary Committee.^{[498][499][500][501]} On May 6, after Barr failed to meet the committee's deadline to release the full report, the committee agreed to hold a vote to start Kongressni hurmatsizlik proceedings against Barr on May 8.^[502][503] A law issued in 1857 gives Congress the power to issue criminal charges for this matter.^[504] Trump's announcement of executive privilege came just hours before the House Judiciary Committee planned to vote on whether to hold Barr in contempt. On May 8, 2019, after Trump invoked ijro etuvchi imtiyoz, the House Judiciary Committee voted unanimously to reject White House's assertion of executive privilege and approve a motion put forward by Rep. Mett Gets (R-Fl) which states that a vote to hold Barr in contempt would not "be construed as a directive for the Attorney General to violate Federal law or rules."^[505][506] In a 24-16 vote, the House Judiciary Committee voted to hold Barr in contempt.^[507][505]

Qayta ko'rib chiqilgan hisobotni chiqarish

2019 yil 18 aprelda, a qayta tahrirlangan version of the Special Counsel's report titled Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlariga aralashuvini tekshirish bo'yicha hisobot, was released to Congress and the public. About one-eighth of the lines in the public version were redacted.^{[508][509][510]} The report was in two volumes, the first about Russian interference in the election and potential involvement of Trump associates, and the second on possible obstruction of justice by Trump.

Rossiya aralashuvi

The report concluded that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election did occur "in sweeping and systematic fashion" and "violated U.S. criminal law."^[511][512]

The first method detailed in the final report was the usage of the Internet Research Agency, waging "a social media campaign that favored presidential candidate Donald J. Trump and disparaged presidential candidate Hillary Clinton".^[23] Internet-tadqiqot agentligi, shuningdek, "Qo'shma Shtatlarda siyosiy va ijtimoiy kelishmovchiliklarni qo'zg'atish va kuchaytirishga" intildi.^[513]

The second method of Russian interference saw the Russian intelligence service, the GRU, hacking into email accounts owned by volunteers and employees of the Clinton presidential campaign, including that of campaign chairman John Podesta, and also hacking into "the computer networks of the Demokratik Kongressning tashviqot qo'mitasi (DCCC) va Demokratik milliy qo'mita (DNC) ". Natijada GRU yuz minglab xakerlik hujjatlarini qo'lga kiritdi va GRU WikiLeaks tashkiloti va shuningdek, GRU personalari orqali buzilgan xakerlik materiallarini chiqarishni yo'lga qo'ydi."DCLeaks"va"Guccifer 2.0."^{[16][514][515]}

Fitna yoki muvofiqlashtirish

To establish whether a crime was committed by members of the Trump campaign with regard to Russian interference, investigators "applied the framework of conspiracy law", and not the concept of "collusion", because collusion "is not a specific offense or theory of liability found in the United States Code, nor is it a term of art in federal criminal law".^[516][517] They also investigated if members of the Trump campaign "coordinated" with Russia, using the definition of "coordination" as having "an agreement — tacit or express — between the Trump campaign and the Russian government on election interference". Tergovchilar qo'shimcha ravishda "muvofiqlashtirishni o'rnatish uchun shunchaki" ikki tomon boshqalarning xatti-harakatlari yoki manfaatlari to'g'risida xabardor qilingan yoki ularga javob beradigan xatti-harakatlarni amalga oshirishi "etarli emas edi.^[518]

The report writes that the investigation "identified numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", found that Russia "perceived it would benefit from a Trump presidency" and that the 2016 Trump presidential campaign "expected it would benefit electorally" from Russian hacking efforts. Biroq, oxir-oqibat "tergov Trump kampaniyasi a'zolari fitna uyushtirganligini yoki Rossiya hukumati bilan saylovlardagi aralashuv faoliyatida kelishilganligini aniqlamadi".^[17][18] Dalillar shifrlangan, o'chirilgan yoki saqlanmagan xabarlar, shuningdek yolg'on, to'liqsiz yoki rad etilgan ko'rsatmalar tufayli to'liq bo'lmasligi kerak edi.^{[519][20][520][21][521]}

Odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish

The second volume of the report investigated the topic of obstruction of justice, describing ten episodes where Trump may have obstructed justice as president and one episode before he was elected, and analyzing each in terms of the criteria needed to constitute criminal obstruction.^{[522][28][27]} The investigation found both public and private actions "by the President that were capable of exerting undue influence over law enforcement investigations, including the Russian-interference and obstruction investigations".^[26] However, Trump mostly failed to influence it because his subordinates or associates refused to carry out his instructions.^{[523][524][525]} The Mueller team refrained from charging Trump with obstruction because investigators abided by a DOJ Yuridik maslahat xizmati (OLC) opinion that a sitting president cannot stand trial,^[24][25] and they feared that charges would affect Trump's governing and possibly preempt a potential impichment.^{[29][25][526]} In addition, investigators felt it would be unfair to accuse Trump of a crime without charges and without a trial in which he could clear his name.^{[24][25][527]} Since they had decided "not to make a traditional prosecutorial judgment" on whether to "initiate or decline a prosecution," the special counsel's office "did not draw ultimate conclusions about the President's conduct." Hisobotda "prezident jinoyat sodir etgan degan xulosaga kelilmagan",^[23][528] but specifically did not exonerate Trump on obstruction of justice, because investigators were not confident that Trump was innocent after examining his intent and actions.^[529][530] The report concluded that Congress has the authority to take further action against Trump on the question of obstruction of justice, stating that no one is above the law.^{[30][31][530][523]}

Tergovning tugashi

On May 29, 2019, Mueller announced that he was retiring as special counsel and that the office would be shut down, and he spoke publicly about the report for the first time.^[531] Saying "[t]he report is my testimony," he indicated he would have nothing to say that wasn't already in the report. On the subject of obstruction of justice, he said he had been prohibited by Justice Department policy from charging the president with a crime and that any potential wrongdoing by a president must be addressed by a "process other than the criminal justice system".^[532] This suggested that the investigation could now be picked up by Congress.^[35][22][34] He stressed that the central conclusion of his investigation was "that there were multiple, systematic efforts to interfere in our election. That allegation deserves the attention of every American."^[533] He also stated: "If we had had confidence that the President clearly did not commit a crime, we would have said so. We did not, however, make a determination as to whether the president did commit a crime".^[35][22]

The House Judiciary and Intelligence committees subpoenaed Mueller on June 25, 2019, with a letter saying that "the American public deserves to hear directly from you about your investigation and conclusions." Mueller reluctantly agreed to testify publicly with a scheduled date of July 17.^[534] This date was later pushed back to July 24.^[535] During his testimony, Mueller answered Republican Representative Ken Bak Prezident lavozimini tark etgandan so'ng, prezidentga odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish (yoki boshqa jinoyatlar) uchun ayblov qo'yilishi mumkin.^[36]

Reaksiyalar

Zondlarning kelib chiqishi bo'yicha tekshirishlar

There have been numerous calls and requests to open a counter-investigation into the origins of the FBI's "Crossfire Hurricane" operatsiyasi probe, with attention on the Chet el razvedkasini kuzatish to'g'risidagi qonun (FISA) documents against Karter sahifasi va Po'lat hujjatlar.^{[536][537][538]}

On April 9, 2019, Attorney General William Barr testified before the House Appropriations Subcommittee. Barr announced that the Department of Justice will be "reviewing the conduct" of the FBI's Russia probe.^[536][538] "I am reviewing the conduct of the investigation and trying to get my arms around all the aspects of the counterintelligence investigation that was conducted during the summer of 2016," Barr said.^[539] Barr also said that DOJ Bosh inspektor Maykl Horovits will be releasing a report on the FBI's use of the FISA process and related matters. The report is expected to be released in May–June 2019.^[539] When asked whether he was suggesting that spying occurred, Barr said, "I think that spying did occur. But the question is whether it was predicated, adequately predicated. And I'm not suggesting it wasn't adequately predicated, but I need to explore that."^[540]

During Attorney General Barr's testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee on May 1, Barr again said he was looking into the origins of the FBI's Russia probe. “Many people seem to assume that the only intelligence collection that occurred was a single confidential informant [referring to Stefan Halper] and a FISA warrant," Barr stated. "I’d like to find out whether that is in fact true. It strikes me as a fairly anemic effort if that was the counterintelligence effort designed to stop a threat as it's being represented.” When asked by Republican Representative Jon Kornin "Can we state with confidence that the Steele dossier was not part of the Russian disinformation campaign” Barr responded “No. That is one of the areas that I am reviewing. I’m concerned about it. And I don’t think it's entirely speculative.”^[541][542] When asked about FISA abuses by the DOJ and FBI during his testimony, Barr responded "These are the things I need to look at, and I have to say as I said before, to the extent that there was any overreach, it was a few people in the upper echelons of the (FBI) and perhaps the department, but those people are no longer there", Barr said.^[543]

Barr appointed a federal prosecutor, Jon Durham, to assist in the investigation.^[544] On October 24, 2019, news media reported that Durham had opened a criminal probe into the matter, giving him the power to empanel a grand jury and to compel testimony.^[545] On December 1, 2020, the Associated Press reported that Barr had appointed Durham as a Special Counsel under the federal statute governing such appointments to conduct an investigation into "…the investigation of Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III," by which was meant the FBI personnel who worked on Crossfire Hurricane before joining the Mueller team.^[546]

On May 7, 2020, the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari palatasining Razvedka bo'yicha doimiy tanlov qo'mitasi released dozens of transcripts from the Russia probe.^[547] Top officials from the Obama ma'muriyati had testified that they had no empirical evidence of Trampning sheriklari va Rossiya rasmiylari o'rtasidagi aloqalar.^[548]

Shuningdek qarang

• Hech kim qonundan ustun emas, a nationwide protest held on November 8, 2018
• Maxsus maslahatchi Mustaqillik va halollik to'g'risidagi qonun, a proposed law that sought to protect the investigation
• AQShdagi rus josusligi
• Rossiyaning rejim o'zgarishiga aralashishi
• RT Amerika, the American arm of the RT network
• Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi

Adabiyotlar