WikiDer > Asimovlar biografik fan va texnika ensiklopediyasi - Vikipediya

Asimovs Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology - Wikipedia
Asimovning "Biografik fan va texnika ensiklopediyasi"
Asimovning biografik fan va texnika ensiklopediyasi.jpg
Yangi tahrirlangan nashrning muqovasi
MuallifIshoq Asimov
MamlakatQo'shma Shtatlar
TilIngliz tili
JanrBadiiy adabiyot, ensiklopediya, biografik, ma'lumotnoma
NashriyotchiIkki kun
Nashr qilingan sana
1964
Sahifalar662
ISBN0-385-04693-6 (Yangi tahrir qilingan nashr)
OCLC523479

Asimovning "Biografik fan va texnika ensiklopediyasi" tomonidan ilm-fan tarixi Ishoq Asimov1500 dan ortiq olimlarning tarjimai holi sifatida yozilgan. Bilan boshlanib, xronologik tartibda tashkil etilgan Imxotep (yozuv "[1]") va yakunlash Stiven Xoking (yozuv "[1510]"), har bir biografik yozuv raqamlangan bo'lib, bitta olimning boshqasi bilan osongina o'zaro bog'lanishiga imkon beradi. Deyarli har bir biografik eskizda boshqa tarjimai hollarga havolalar mavjud. Masalan, haqida maqola Jon Franklin Enders [1195] jumlasi bor "Aleksandr FlemingPenitsillin [1077] ning ishi tufayli mavjud bo'lgan Xovard Florey [1213] va Ernst Boris zanjiri [1306]. . "Bu Fleming, Florey va Zanjir haqidagi maqolalarga tez murojaat qilish imkonini beradi. Unga barcha sohalardagi olimlar, jumladan biologlar, kimyogarlar, astronomlar, fiziklar, matematiklar, geologlar va tadqiqotchilar kiradi. Biografik yozuvlarning alifbo ro'yxati ABBE, Klivlend [738] va bilan tugaydi ZWORYKIN, Vladimir Kosma [1134]

Ikkinchi qayta ishlangan nashrda Isaak Nyuton etti sahifadan iborat eng katta tarjimai holni oladi. Galiley, Maykl Faradey va Albert Eynshteyn har birida beshta sahifadan iborat galstuk va Lavuazye va Charlz Darvin har birida to'rtta sahifani oling. Golland yozuvchi Gerrit Krol kitob haqida shunday degan edi: "Ushbu ensiklopediyaning jozibador jihatlaridan biri shundaki, u har bir ismga ushbu olim bilan aloqada bo'lganlarni qo'shadi". Ikkala kitob ham bir necha bor qayta ishlangan Asimov o'zi va yaqinda uning qizi Robin Asimov tomonidan.[iqtibos kerak]

Yozuvlar

KirishIsmMaydonIzohlar
1ImxotepMuhandislik(Miloddan avvalgi 2650-2600) An Misrlik polimat, u birinchi deb hisoblanadi muhandis, me'mor va shifokor tarixda ism bilan tanilgan.
2AhmoseMatematikaShuningdek, Ahmes, an Misr yozuvchisi Misrning ikkinchi oraliq davri nusxa ko'chirgan Rind matematik papirus.
3FalesMatematika(624 - miloddan avvalgi 546 y.), Ulardan biri Gretsiyaning etti donishmandlari. U birinchi taniqli faylasuflar va matematiklardan biridir.
4AnaksimandrMetafizika(taxminan 610 - miloddan avvalgi 546 y.) A Suqrotgacha Yunon faylasufi kim yashagan Miletus,[1] shahar Ionia (zamonaviy Turkiyada). U tegishli edi Milesian maktabi
5AnaksimenlarMetafizika(taxminan 585 - miloddan avvalgi 528 yil) An Qadimgi yunoncha Suqrotgacha faylasuf.[2][3] Uchtadan biri Milesiyalik faylasuflar
6KsenofanlarMetafizika(taxminan 570 - miloddan avvalgi 475 y.)[4] edi a Yunoncha faylasuf, dinshunos, shoirva ijtimoiy va diniy tanqidchi.
7PifagoralarMatematika(miloddan avvalgi 570-y. 495 y.). Eng yaxshi Pifagor teoremasi uning nomini olgan.
8EvropalinlarMuhandislikan qadimgi yunoncha muhandis kim qurgan Eupalinos tunnel kuni Samos oroli miloddan avvalgi VI asrda.
9HekateyTarixchi(miloddan avvalgi 550 yil - miloddan avvalgi 476 yil) Erta Yunoncha tarixchi va geograf.
10GeraklitMetafizika(taxminan 535 - miloddan avvalgi 475 yil) Suqrotgacha Yunon faylasufiva shaharning tug'ilgan fuqarosi Efes,[5] keyin qismi Fors imperiyasi.
11AlkmeyonDori(miloddan avvalgi 510 y.) ko'pchilik tomonidan dastlabki kashshof deb hisoblangan anatomik disektsiya va birinchilardan bo'lib aniqlangani aytilgan Eustaki naychalari.
12XannoExplorera Karfagen tadqiqotchi v. Miloddan avvalgi 500 yil, Afrika qirg'oqlarini dengiz orqali o'rganish bilan mashhur.
13ParmenidlarMetafizikamiloddan avvalgi oltinchi asrning oxiri yoki beshinchi asrning boshlari Suqrotgacha Yunoncha faylasuf dan Elea yilda Magna Graecia (Buyuk Yunoniston, Janubiy Italiyani ham o'z ichiga olgan). Asoschisi Eleatika maktabi ning falsafa.
14AnaxagoralarAstronomiyaU uchun to'g'ri tushuntirish berdi tutilish va Somon yo'li uzoqdan iborat bo'lishi mumkin deb taxmin qildi yulduzlar.[6]
15LeucippusKimyo(miloddan avvalgi V asrning birinchi yarmi) nazariyasini rivojlantirgan birinchi yunon atomizm - hamma narsa butunlay turli xil buzilmaydigan, bo'linmas elementlardan iborat degan fikr atomlar.
16ZenoMetafizika(Miloddan avvalgi 490? -430?) A Suqrotgacha Yunoncha faylasuf eng yaxshi tanilgan paradokslar.
17EmpedoklKosmogenez(taxminan 490 - miloddan avvalgi 430 yillar). Yunoncha Suqrotgacha bo'lgan faylasuf va Acragas fuqarosi (Agrigentum), yunon shahri Sitsiliya. Empedoklning falsafasi asosan kelib chiqishi bilan mashhur kosmogen to'rtlik nazariyasi klassik elementlar.
18OenopidlarAstronomiyaQadimgi Yunoncha geometr va 450 yilda yashagan astronom Miloddan avvalgi.
19FilolausAstronomiyav. 470 - v. Miloddan avvalgi 385 yil[7]) yunon edi Pifagoriya va Presokratik faylasuf. Shuningdek, u nazariyani yaratgan deb hisoblanadi Yer ning markazi emas edi koinot.
20DemokritKimyo(miloddan avvalgi 370 y.) An Qadimgi yunoncha Suqrotgacha bo'lgan faylasuf birinchi navbatda uning formulasi bilan bugun esga olinadi atom nazariyasi ning koinot.[8]
21SuqrotFalsafaMiloddan avvalgi 470/469 - 399 yillar)[9] edi a klassik yunoncha (Afina) faylasuf asoschilaridan biri sifatida tan olingan G'arb falsafasi.
22GippokratDori(v. 460 – v. Miloddan avvalgi 370 yil), A Yunoncha shifokor ning Perikl yoshi (Klassik Yunoniston), ba'zan "Tibbiyotning otasi"[10]
23MetonAstronomiyaa Yunoncha matematik, astronom, geometrva muhandis kim yashagan Afina miloddan avvalgi V asrda. U eng mashhur 19 yillik bilan bog'liq hisob-kitoblar bilan tanilgan Metonik tsikl u miloddan avvalgi 432 yilda lunisolar Uyingizda taqvimi.
24AflotunFalsafa(428/427 yoki 424/423 - miloddan avvalgi 348/347) a faylasuf yilda Klassik Yunoniston va asoschisi Akademiya yilda Afina, da birinchi oliy o'quv yurti G'arbiy dunyo. U rivojlanishning eng muhim figurasi hisoblanadi falsafa, ayniqsa G'arb an'analari.[11]
25ArxitalarMatematika(Miloddan avvalgi 428-347) an Qadimgi yunoncha faylasuf, matematik, astronom, davlat arbobiva strategist. U olim edi Pifagoriya maktab va matematik mexanikaning taniqli asoschisi, shuningdek uning yaxshi do'sti sifatida tanilgan Aflotun.
26TeetetusMatematika
27Evdoks
28Heracleides
29Aristotel
30Menaechmus
31Teofrastus
32Kallippus
33Dicaearchus
34Diokl
35Epikur
36PraxagoralarDorio'rganilgan Aristotel(miloddan avvalgi 384–322) anatomiya bilan farqlash orqali takomillashtirdi arteriyalar va tomirlar.
37Kiddinu
38Strato
39Pitheas
40Evklid
41Aristarx
42Gerofil
43Erasistratus
44Konon
45Filon dan Vizantiya
46KtesibiusFizika(Miloddan avvalgi 285–222) a Yunoncha ixtirochi birinchi risolalarni kim yozgan siqilgan havo. Ustida ishlagan elastiklik havo. "Otasi pnevmatik."
47Arximed
48Eratosfen
49Apollonius
50Gipparx
51Selevk
52Poseidonius
53Lucretius
54Sosigenes
55Vitruvius
56Strabon
57Celsus, Aulus Kornelius
58Mela, Pomponius
59Dioskoridlar
60Qahramon
61Pliniy
62Frontinus, Sekst Yuliy
63Tsay Lun
64Ptolomey, Klavdiy
65Galen
66Diofant
67Zosimus
68Pappus
69Gipatiya
70Proklus
71Boetius, Anicius Manlius Severinus
72Seviliyalik Isidor
73Braxmagupta
74KallinikKimyo(miloddan avvalgi 620 y.) Kallinikos nomi bilan ham tanilgan. Heliopolisdan Vizantiya kimyogari va Yunoncha olov
75Bede
76Geber
77Alcuin
78Buyuk Karl
79Al-Xorazmiy, Muhammad ibn Muso
80Sobit ibn Qurra
81Buyuk Alfred
82Rhazes
83Albategnius
84Gerbert
85Alhazen
86Avitsena
87Omar Xayyom
88Abelard, Piter
89Vanna Adelard
90Kremonalik Jerar
91Averroes
92Maymonid, Muso
93Neckam, Aleksandr
94Grosseteste, Robert
95Fibonachchi, Leonardo
96Albertus Magnus
97Frederik II
98Maykl Skot
99Bekon, Rojer
100Alfonso X
101Alderotti, TadeoDoriItaliya shifokori.
102Aquinas, Saint Thomas
103Villanova Arnold
104Peregrinus, Petrus
105Polo, Marko
106d'Abano, Pietro
107Soxta Geber
108Buridan, Jan
109Okham, Uilyam
110Mondino de 'Luzzi
111Genri Navigator
112Ulug' begim
113Toskanelli, Paolo
114Gutenberg, YoxannMuhandislik(taxminan 1398–1468). Ixtiro qilingan mexanik harakatlanuvchi turi bosib chiqarish.
115Kusa Nikolay
116Bessarion, Jon
117Alberti, Leone Battista
118Peurbach, Georg von
119Regiomontanus
120Patsioli, Luka
121Kolumb, Kristofer
122Leonardo da Vinchi
123Vespusiy, Amerika
124Kano, Xuan Sebastyan Del
125Valsememoller, Martin
126Dyurer, Albrecht
127Kopernik, Nikolas
128Balboa, Vasko Nunez de
129Shoner, Yoxannes
130Magellan, Ferdinand
131Paracelsus
132Agrikola, Jorgius
133Apian, Piter
134Fernel, Jan Fransua
135Tartalya, Nikkolo
136Fuks, Leonxard
137Kardano, Girolamo
138Gemma Frisius, Reyner
139Pare, Ambrouz
140Kolombo, Realdo
141Eustakio, Bartolomeo
142Servet, Maykl
143Reinhold, Erasmus
144Merkator, Gerardus
145Retikus
146Vesalius, Andreas
147Gesner, Konrad Von
148Belon, Per
149Fallopius, Jabroil
150Porta, Giambattista Della
151Fabricius Ab Aquapendente, Iyeronim
152Klavius, Kristof
153Vetnam, Frantsisk
154Scaliger, Jozef Yustus
155Gilbert, Uilyam
156Brahe, TychoAstronomiya(1546 yil 14-dekabr - 1601 yil 24-oktabr) o'zining aniq va keng qamrovliligi bilan tanilgan astronomik va sayyora kuzatishlar.
157Bruno, JordanoAstronomiya(1548 - 1600 yil 17 fevral). Birinchi odam koinotni doimiylik sifatida tasavvur qilgan yulduzlar biz tunda tabiat bilan bir xil ekanligini ko'ramiz Quyosh.
158Stevinus, Simon
159Napier, Jon
160Alpini, Prospero
161Norman, Robert
162Libavius
163Bekon, Frensis
164Briggs, Genri
165Sanctorius, Sanctorius
166Galiley
167Fabricius, DevidAstronomiya(1564–1617) ma'lum bo'lgan birinchi davriylikni kashf qilish bilan mashhur o'zgaruvchan yulduz va kuzatishning birinchi tasdiqlangan misoli quyosh dog'lari.
168Lippershey, XansAstronomiya(1570-1619), odatda ixtirochi sifatida tan olingan teleskop.
169Keppler, Yoxann
170Bayer, YoxannAstronomiya(1572–1625) eng mashhuri yulduz atlas Uranometriya, birinchi bo'lib 1603 yilda nashr etilgan atlas to'liq qamrab olish uchun samoviy shar.
171Marius, Simon
172O'rdi, Uilyam
173Shtayner, Kristof
174Xarvi, Uilyam
175Helmont, Yan Baptista furgoni
176Vendelin, Godefroy
177Snell, Villebrord Van Roijen
178Baffin, Uilyam
179Vernier, Per
180Cysat, Johann
181Mersen, MarinMatematika(1588 yil 8 sentyabr - 1648 yil 1 sentyabr). Matematik va musiqa nazariyotchisi, ko'pincha "otasi akustika"
182Gassendi, Per
183Dekart, Rene
184Gellibrand, Genri
185Rikchioli, Jovanni Battista
186Kavalyeri, Bonaventura
187Kirxer, Afanasiy
188Ferma, Per de
189Gericke, Otto Von
190Glauber, Yoxann Rudolf
191Borelli, Jovanni Alfonso
192Torricelli, Evangelista
193Toskana shahridagi Ferdinand II
194Hevelius, Yoxannes
195Gascoigne, Uilyam
196Silvius, Frantsisk
197Uilkins, Jon
198Uollis, Jon
199Grimaldi, Franchesko Mariya
200Horemocks, Eremiyo
201Graunt, Jon
202Brounker, Uilyam, 2D likont
203Mariotte, Edme
204Pikard, Jan
205Uillis, Tomas
206Viviani, Vinchenso
207Paskal, Blez
208Sydenxem, Tomas
209Kassini, Jovanni Domeniko
210Barthoun, Erasmus
211Redi, Franchesko
212Boyl, RobertFizika(1627 yil 25 yanvar - 1691 yil 31 dekabr) an Angliya-Irlandiya tabiiy faylasuf, kimyogar, fizikva ixtirochi, eng taniqli Boyl qonuni,[12]
213Rey, Jon
214Malpigi, Marchello
215Gyuygens, Xristian
216Tovar, Xennig
217Boyroq, Jan
218Rudbek, Olof
219Quyi, Richard
220Rren, ser Kristofer
221Leyvenxuk, Anton Van
222Becher, Yoxann Yoaxim
223Hook, Robert
224Swammerdam, yanvar
225Steno, Nikolay
226Gregori, Jeyms
227Denis, Jan Batist
228Graf, Regnier de
229Grew, Nehemiya
230Mayov, Jon
231Nyuton, ser IsaakFizika(1642 yil 25-dekabr - 20 mart) 1726/27[13]) Ingliz tili matematik, astronom, dinshunos va fizik.
232Roemer, Olaus
233Leybnits, Gotfrid Vilgelm
234Flamsteed, Jon
235Papin, Denis
236Qutqarish, Tomas
237Xeyvers, Klopton
238Xelli, Edmund
239Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de
240Gregori, Devid
241Stal, Georg Ernst
242Polhem, Kristofer
243Yangi kelgan, Tomas
244Amontons, Giyom
245Xauksbi, Frensis
246De Moivre, Ibrohim
247Sakcheri, Girolamo
248Boerhaave, Hermann
249Xeyls, Stiven
250Bering, Vitus Jonassen
251Morgagni, Jovanni Battista
252Reaumur, Rene Antuan Ferchault de
253Desaguliers, Jon Teofil
254Farengeyt, Gabriel Doniyor
255Delisle, Jozef Nikolas
256Goldbax, nasroniy
257Musschenbroek, Pieter Van
258Bredli, Jeyms
259Xarrison, Jon
260Brandt, Georg
261Volter-(1694 yil 21-noyabr - 1778-yil 30-may) Fransua-Mari Arouet, o'zi tomonidan tanilgan nom de plume Volter, edi a Frantsuz Ma'rifat yozuvchi, tarixchi va faylasuf.
262Kulrang, Stiven
263Maklaurin, Kolin
264Buger, Per
265Beyker, Genri
266Du Fay, Charlz Fransua de Sisternay
267Maupertuis, Pyer Lui Meri de
268Bernulli, Doniyor
269Kleyst, Evald Georg Von
270La Condamine, Charlz Mari de
271Selsiy, Anders
272Franklin, Benjamin
273Dollond, Jon
274Shatelet, Gabrieue Émilie Ietonnelier de Breteuil, Markiz de
275Eyler, Leonxard
276Linney, Kerolus
277Buffon, Jorj Lui Lekler. Komtede
278Haller, Albrecht fon
279Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund
280Gmelin, Yoxann Georg
281Rayt, Tomas
282Lomonosov, Mixail Vasilevich
283Klerot, Aleksis Klod
284Lakail, Nikolas Lui de
285Nedxem, Jon TurbervilBiologiya(1713 yil 10 sentyabr - 1781 yil 30 dekabr) an Ingliz tili biolog va Rim katolik ruhoniy.
286Didro, Denis
287Gettard, Jan Etyen
288Lind, Jeyms
289d'Alembert, Jan le Rond
290Kanton, Jon
291Kapot, Charlz
292Kronstedt, Aksel Fredrik
293Kant, Immanuil
294Mishel, Jon
295Le Gentil, Giyom Jozef Hyatsint Jan Batist
296Desmarest, Nikolas
297Xatton, Jeyms
298Qora, Jozef
299Lambert, Yoxann Geynrix
300Kuk, Jeyms
301Titius, Johann DanielAstronomiya(1729 yil 2-yanvar - 1796 yil 16-dekabr) a Nemis astronom va professor Vittenberg,[14] formulasi bilan mashhur bo'lgan Titius - Bode qonuni, va ushbu qoidadan foydalanib, samoviy ob'ekt mavjudligini 2.8 da bashorat qilish uchun AU quyoshdan.
302Spallanzani, Lazzaro
303Bougainville, Louis Antuan de
304Myuller, Otto Fridrix
305Messier, Charlz
306Ingenhousz, yanvar
307Kavendish, Genri
308Darvin, Erasmus
309Lalande, Jozef Jerom Lefrançois de
310Maskelyne, Nevil
311Arkwright, ser Richard
312Priestli, Jozef
313Volf, Kaspar Fridrix
314Mesmer, Frants Anton
315Bergman, Torbern Olof
316Vatt, Jeyms
317Lagranj, Jozef-Lui, Komte de
318Kulon, Charlz Avgustin
319Guyton de Morve, baron Lui Bernard
320Galvani, Luidji
321Xersel, ser UilyamAstronomiya(1738 yil 15-noyabr - 1822-yil 25-avgust) inglizlar astronom va bastakor [15] Astronomik spektrofotometriyadan foydalanishga kashshoflik qildi. Infraqizil nurlanishni kashf etdi. Uran va uning 2 yo'ldoshini (Titaniya va Oberon) va Saturndning 2 yo'ldoshini (Encelad va Mimas) topdi.
322Sossyur, Horas Benedikt de
323Myuller, Frants Jozef
324Frere, Jon
325Montgolfier, Jak Etienne Andjosef Mishel
326Leksell, Anders Yoxan
327Yo'qotish, Uilyam
328Leblank, Nikolas
329Scheele, Karl Wilhelm
330Fitch, Jon
331Banklar, ser Jozef
332Hauy, Rene Just
333Jefferson, Tomas
334Lavuazye, Antuan Loran
335Klaprot, Martin Geynrix
336Lamark, Jan Batist Pyer Antuan de Monet, Chevalier de
337Volta, Alessandro Juzeppe Antonio Anastasio, graf
338Pinel, Filipp
339Gann, Johann Gottlieb
340Monj, Gaspard
341Pitssi, Juzeppe
342Xyelm, Piter Yoqub
343Charlz, Jak Aleksandr Sezar
344Bode, Johann Elert
345Jussieu, Antuan Loran de
346Bertollet, Klod Lui, Konte
347Laplas, Per Simon, Markis de
348Jenner, Edvard
349Gyote, Iogann Volfgang Von
350Delambre, Jan Batist Jozef
351Rezerford, Doniyor
352Herschel, Caroline Lucretia
353Dolomieu, Dieudonne de Gratet de
354Sprengel, Xristian Konrad
355Verner, Avraam Gottlob
356Prevost, Per
357Blumenbax, Yoxann Fridrix
358Legendre, Adrien Mari
359Appert, Nikolas
360Rumford, Benjamin Tompson, graf
361Nikolson, Uilyam
363Merdok, Uilyam
364Prust, Jozef Lui
365Parkinson, Jeyms
366Furkroy, Antuan Fransua, Komtede
367D'Elxuyar, Don Fausto
368Chaptal, Jan Antuan Klod, Komtede Shantelup
369McAdam, Jon Loudon
370Chladni, Ernst Florens Fridrix
371Gall, Frants Jozef
372Olbers, Geynrix Vilgelm Matteus
373Gadolin, Yoxan
374Xol, ser Jeyms
375Tennant, Smitson
376Pons, Jan Lui
377Gregor, Uilyam
378Rixter, Jeremias Benjamin
379Vokelin, Lui Nikolas
380Kirchhoff, Gottlieb Sigismund Konstantin
381Goodricke, Jon
382Del Río, Andres Manuel
383Xetchet, Charlz
384Niepce, Jozef Nikefor
385Fulton, Robert
386Uitni, Eli
387Maltus, Tomas Robert
388Vollaston, Uilyam Xayd
389Dalton, Jon
390Xizayzer, Vilgelm
391Ekeberg, Anders Gustaf
392Buvard, Aleksis
393Furye, Jan Batist Jozef, Baron
394Nikol, Uilyam
395Smit, Uilyam-(1769 yil 23 mart - 1839 yil 28 avgust)
396Kuvye, Jorj Leopold Xretien Frederik Dagobert, Baron
397Gumboldt, Fridrix Vilgelm Geynrix Aleksandr, Baron Von
398Seebeck, Tomas Yoxann
399Trevitik, Richard
400Bichat, Mari Fransua Xaver
401Mox, Fridrix
402Yosh, Tomas
403Jigarrang, Robert-(1773 yil 21 dekabr - 1858 yil 10 iyun)
404Biot, Jan Batist
405Buch, Kristian Leopold fon
406Bayli, Frensis
407Amper, Andr Mari
408Malus, Etien Lui
409Kidd, Jon
410Jermen, Sofi
411Strohmeyer, Fridrix
412Avogadro, Amedeo, Quaregna grafasi
413Ritter, Johann Wilhelm
414Kurtua, Bernard
415Gauss, Yoxann Karl Fridrix
416Tendard, Lui Jak
417Ersted, Xans Kristian
418Candolle, Augustin Pyrame de
419Breton, Per Fidele
420Gay-Lyussak, Jozef Lui
421Devi, ser HamfriKimyo(1778 yil 17 dekabr - 1829 yil 29 may) Bir qator moddalarni birinchi marta ajratish bilan eng yaxshi eslangan korniş kimyogari va ixtirochisi: kaliy, natriy, kaltsiy, stronsiyum, bariy, magniy va bor, shuningdek, elementar elementlarni kashf etish. xlor va yodning tabiati
422Shvayger, Yoxann Salomo Kristof
423Oken, Lorenz
424Silliman, Benjamin
425Berzelius, Jons Yakob
426Bellingshauzen, Fabian Gottlibon
427Dobereiner, Yoxann Volfgang
428Xare, Robert
429Laennec, Theophile Rene Hyacinthe
430Brakonnot, Anri
431Stivenson, Jorj
432Puasson, Shimoliy Denis
433Brewster, ser Devid
434Biela, Vilgelm Von
435Gutri, Shomuil
436Sturgeon, Uilyam
437Sertorner, Fridrix Vilgelm Adamferdinand
438Magendie, Fransua
439Bessel, Fridrix Vilgelm
440Prout, Uilyam
441Dyulong, Per Lui
442Sedgvik, Odam
443Audubon, Jon Jeyms
444Bomont, UilyamDori(1785 yil 21 noyabr - 1853 yil 25 aprel) "Oshqozon fiziologiyasining otasi"
445Lister, Jozef Jekson
446Arago, Dominik Fransua Jan
447Amici, Jovanni Battista
448Chevreul, Mishel Eugene
449Charpentier, Johann Von
450Fraunhofer, Jozef Von
451Sefstrom, Nils Gabriel
452Purkinje, Yan Evangelista
453Venets, Ignatz
454Pelletier, Per Jozef
455Frenel, Avgustin Jan
456Poncelet, Jan Viktor
457Gmelin, Leopold
458Boucher de Crèvecur Depertes, Jak
459Sabin, ser Edvard
460Tomsen, Kristian Yurgensen
461Oh, Georg Simon
462Redfild, Uilyam C.
463Koshi, Augustin Lui, Baron
464Bond, Uilyam Krenx
465Yorqin, Richard-(1789 yil 28 sentyabr - 1858 yil 16 dekabr)
466Shvabe, Geynrix Samuel
467Dager, Lui Jak Mandet
468Mantell, Gideon Algernon
469Xoll, Marshal
470Daniell, Jon Frederik
471Mobius, Avgust Ferdinand
472Tovus, Jorj
473Morse, Samuel Finley Briz
474Faradey, Maykl
475Enke, Yoxann Franz
476Petit, Aleksis Tereza
477Merchison, ser Roderik Impey
478Baer, ​​Karl Ernst Von
479Xersel, ser Jon Frederik Uilyam
480Coriolis, Gustave Gaspard de
481Babbim, CharlzMuhandislik(1791 yil 26-dekabr - 1871 yil 18-oktabr) Ingliz polimati. Matematik, faylasuf, ixtirochi va muhandis-mexanik Babrij raqamli dasturlashtiriladigan kompyuter kontseptsiyasini yaratdi.
482Addison, Tomas
483Struve, Fridrix Georj Vilgelm Von
484Lobachevski, Nikolay Ivanovich
485Mitscherlich, Eilxardt
486Kabinet, Jak
487Vyuell, Uilyam
488Madler, Yoxann Geynrix
489Pander, Xristian Geynrix
490Payen, Anselme
491Erenberg, Kristian Gotfrid
492Veber, Ernst Geynrix
493Kaventu, Jozef Bienaym
494Braid, Jeyms
495Klaus, Karl Ernst
496Kvetelet, Lambert Adolf Jak
497Carnot, Nikolas Leonard Sadi
498Retzius, Anders Adolf
499Pivo, Vilgelm
500Poyzille, Jan Leonard Mari-(1797 yil 22-aprel - 1869 yil 26-dekabr)
501Mosander, Karl GustavKimyolantan, erbiy va terbiy elementlarini kashf etdi.
502Layl, ser Charlz
503Genri, Jozef
504Melloni, Makedoniya
505Xenderson, TomasAstronomiya(1798 yil 28-dekabr - 1844 yil 23-noyabr) birinchi bo'lib Alpha Centauriga masofani o'lchagan,
506Reyx, Ferdinand
507Klapeyron, Benua Per Emil
508Argelander, Fridrix Vilgelm Avgust
509Lassell, Uilyam
510Schonbein, Christian Fridrix
511Talbot, Uilyam Genri Foks-(1800 yil 11 fevral - 1877 yil 17 sentyabr)
512Ross, ser Jeyms Klark
513Roz, Uilyam Parsons, 3-graf
514Dyuma, Jan Batist Andre
515Vohler, Fridrix
516Goodyear, Charlz
517Dyujardin, Feliks
518Miller, Uilyam Hallous
519Lartet, Edouard Annand Isidore Hippolyte
520Fechner, Gustav Teodor
521Pluker, Yuliy
522Myuller, Yoxannes Piter
523Airy, ser Jorj Biddell
524Borden, Geyl
525Bussingol, Jan Batist Jozef Dieudonne
526Uitston, ser Charlz
527Abel, Nil Xenrik
528Gess, Jermen Anri
529Balard, Antuan Jerom
530Bolyai, Janos
531Mulder, Gerardus Yoxannes
532Libebig, Yustus VonKimyo(1803 yil 12 may - 1873 yil 18 aprel) qishloq xo'jaligi va biologik kimyoga katta hissa qo'shgan nemis kimyogari va organik kimyoning asoschisi hisoblangan.
533Ericsson, Jon
534Dopler, Kristian Yoxann
535Challis, Jeyms
536Lenz, Geynrix Fridrix Emil
537Siebold, Karl Teodor Ernst fon
538Shleyden, Matias Yakob
539Ouen, ser Richard
540Weber, Vilgelm Eduard
541Jakobi, Karl Gustav Yakob
542Mohl, Ugo von
543Jekson, Charlz Tomas
544Fitsroy, Robert
545Xemilton, ser Uilyam Rouan
546Lamont, Yoxann Von
547Grem, Tomas
548Maury, Metyu Fonteyn
549Morgan, Avgust
550Palmieri, Luidji
551Agassiz, Jan Lui Rodolp
552Gyoto, Arnold Anri
553Loran, Ogyust
554Darvin, Charlz Robert
555Liovil, Jozef
556Grassman, German Gyunter
557Henle, Fridrix Gustav Yakob
558Xolms, Oliver Vendell
559Ravlinson, ser Genri Kresvik
560Valentin, Gabriel Gustav
561Regnault, Anri Viktor
562Kulrang, Asa
563Shvann, Teodor
564Le Verrier, Urbain Jan Jozef
565Bunsen, Robert Vilgelm Eberxard
566Draper, Jon Uilyam
567Simpson, ser Jeyms Yang
568Grove, ser Uilyam Robert
569Otis, Elisha Graves
570Budd, Uilyam(1811–1880)
571Galois, Evarist
572Shanks, Uilyam
573Galle, Yoxann Gotfrid
574Sobrero, Askanio
575Bessemer, ser Genri
576Qor, Jon
577Archer, Frederik Skott
578Bernard, Klod
579Stas, Jan Servais
580Endryus, Tomas-(1813 yil 9-dekabr - 1885-yil 26-noyabr)
581Parklar, AleksandrMuhandislikBirinchi sun'iy plastikni ixtiro qildi.
582Fremi, Edmond
583Geysler, Geynrix
584Daubree, Gabriel Auguste
585Angstrom, Anders Jonas
586Kirkvud, Doniyor
587Mayer, Yuliy Robert
588Lours, ser Jon Bennet
589De La Rue, Uorren
590Forbes, Edvard
591Remak, Robert
592Vunderlich, Karl Reynxold avgust
593Vayststrass, Karl Teodor Vilgelm
594Uzoq, Krouford Uilyamson
595Boole, Jorj
596Ruterfurd, Lyuis Morris
597Lyudvig, Kari Fridrix Vilgelm
598Nageli, Karl Vilgelm Von
599Marignac, Jan Charlz Galissard de
600Kolliker, Rudolf Albert Von
601Kopp, Hermann Franz Moritz
602Wurtz, Charlz Adolphe
603Sent-Kler Devil, Anri Etyen
604Xofmann, Avgust Vilgelm Von
605Donders, Frantsiskus Komelis
606Secchi, Pietro Angelo
607Semmelveys, Ignaz Filipp
608Mitchell, Mariya
609Geytling, Richard Jordan
610Kolbe, Adolph Wilhelm Hermann
611du Bois-Reymond, Emil Geynrix
612Pettenkofer, Maks Jozef Von
613Joule, Jeyms Preskott
614Dreyk, Edvin Lorentin
615Adams, Jon Kuch
616Xau, Eva
617Morton, Uilyam Tomas Grin
618Stoks, ser Jorj Gabriel
619Fuko, Jan Bernard Leon
620Fizeo, Armand Gippolit Lui
621Maydon, Kir G'arbMuhandislikBirinchisining harakatlantiruvchi kuchi Transatlantik telegraf kabeli (1858 yil 5-avgustda to'ldirilgan.)
622Beguyer de Shankurua, Aleksandr-Emfle
623Bekkerel, Aleksandr Edmond
624Spenser, Gerbert-(1820 yil 27 aprel - 1903 yil 8 dekabr)
625Rankin, Uilyam Jon Makquorn
626Tyndall, Jon
627Roche, Eduard Albert
628Loschmidt, Yoxann Jozef
629Keyli, Artur
630Mortillet, Lui Loran Gabriel de
631Gelmgolts, Xermann Lyudvig Ferdinand fon
632Virchov, Rudolf Karl
633Klauziy, Rudolf Yulius Emmanuel
634Shliman, Geynrix
635Lenoir, Jan Jozef EtyenMuhandislikishlab chiqilgan birinchi ichki yonish dvigateli 1859 yilda.
636Galton, ser Frensis
637Tomson, Robert Uilyam
638Mendel, Gregor Yoxann
639Hibsga olish, Geynrix Lyudvig d '
640Leuckart, Karl Georg Fridrix Rudolf
641Hermit, Charlz
642Paster, Lui
643Uolles, Alfred Rassel
644Simens, ser Uilyam
645Kroneker, Leopold
646Xaggins, ser Uilyam
647Yansen, Per Jyul Sezar
648Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert
649Xittorf, Yoxann Vilgelm
650Uilyamson, Aleksandr Uilyam
651Xofmeyster, Vilgelm Fridrixbenedikt
652Kelvin, Uilyam Tomson, Baron
653Broca, Per Pol
654Rixter, Iyeronim Teodor
655Franklend, ser Edvard
656Beyts, Genri Uolter
657Shultse, Maks Yoxann Sigismund
658Balmer, Yoxann Yakob
659Xaksli, Tomas Anri
660Bond, Jorj Fillips
661Erlenmeyer, Richard Avgust Karl Enul
662Sharko, Jan Martin
663Xop-Seyler, Ernst Feliks Immanuel
664Stoni, Jorj JonstounFizikaatamani tanishtirish elektron "elektr energiyasining asosiy birlik miqdori" sifatida.
665Tomsen, Xans Piter Yorgen Yulius
666Gramm, Zenobe Theophile
667Carrington, Richard Kristofer
668Kannizzaro, Stanislao
669Gegenbaur, Karl
670Riman, Georg Fridrix Bernxard
671Donati, Jovanni Battista
672Lister, Jozef, Baron
673Abel, ser Frederik Augustus
674Berthelot, Per Eugene Marcelin
675Kon, Ferdinand Yulius
676Butlerov, Aleksandr Mixaylovich
677Oqqush, ser Jozef UilsonMuhandislik(1828 yil 31 oktyabr - 1914 yil 27 may) ixtiro qilgan akkor lampochka
678Styuart, Balfur
679Pogson, Norman Robert
680Kekule fon Stradonits, Fridrix Avgust
681Hall, Asaf
682Tomson, ser Charlz Uayvil
683Marey, Etyen Jyul
684Rao, Fransua-Mari
685Meyer, Yuliy Lotar
686Kuper, Archibald Scott
687Suess, Eduard
688Dedekind, Yuliy Vilgelm Richard
689Hellriegel, HermannBiologiya(1831–1895) buni aniqladi baklagiller qodir edi atmosfera azotini biriktirish.
690Marsh, Otniel Charlz-(1831 yil 29 oktyabr - 1899 yil 18 mart) Amerika G'arbidagi paleontologlar.
691Voit, Karl Von
692Maksvell, Jeyms Klerk
693Fridel, Charlz
694Otto, Nikolaus avgust
695Kruks, ser Vniam
696Klark, Alvan Grem
697Vundt, Vilgelm Maks
698Kailetet, Lui Pol
699Sakslar, Yuliy fon
700Nordenskiold, Nils Adolf Erik
701Vaaj, Piter
702Bert, Pol
703Nobel, Alfred Bemxard
704Vaysman, Avgust Fridrix Leopold
705Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich
706Karo, Geynrix
707Gekkel, Emst Geynrix Filippaust
708Daimler, Gottlieb Wilhelm
709Plante, Gaston
710Venn, Jon
711Langli, Semyuel Perpont
712Yosh, Charlz Avgust
713Newcomb, Simon
714Schiaparelli, Jovanni Virjinio
715Stefan, Yozef
716Visliven, Yoxannes
717Ringer, Sidney
718Baeyer, Yoxann Fridrix Vilgelm Adolf fon
719Lokyer, ser Jozef Norman
720Allbutt, ser Tomas Klifford
721Guldberg, Kato Maksimilian
722Valdeyer-Xartz, Geynrix Vilgelm Gotfrid Von
723Draper, Genri
724Proktor, Richard Entoni
725Kuhne, Vilgelm (Villi) Fridrix
726Van Der Vaals, Yoxannes Diderik
727Newlands, Jon Aleksandr Reyna
728Hyatt, Jon Uesli
729Markovnikov, Vladimir Vasilevich
730Morley, Edvard Uilyams
731Xitsig, Yulius EduardDori(1838 yil 6-fevral - 1907 yil 20-avgust) nemis fiziologi.
732Beylshteyn, Fridrix Konrad
733Mach, Ernst
734Perkin, ser Uilyam Genri
735Solvay, Ernest
736Lekoq de Boisbaudran, Pol Emil
737Zeppelin, Ferdinand Adolf Avgust Geynrix, Graf fon
738Abbe, Klivlend
739Vinkler, Klemens Aleksandr
740Gibbs, Josiya Uilyard
741Hunarmandchilik, Jeyms Meyson
742Przhevalskiy, Nikolay Mixaylovich
743Chardonnet, Louis Marie Hilaire Bemigaud, Comte de
744Kundt, avgust Adolf Eduard Eberxard
745Maksim, ser Xiram Stivens
746Kliv, Teodor boshiga
747Nilson, Lars Fredrik
748Cope, Edvard Drinker
749Krafft-Ebing, baron Richard Von
750Kovalevski, Aleksandr Onufriyevich
751Amagat, Emil Hilaire
752Greybe, Karl Jeyms Piter
753Dutton, Klarens Edvard
754Jeyms, Uilyam
755Breuer, Yozef
756Flammarion, Nikolas Kamille
757Vogel, Hermann Karl
758Linde, Karl Pol Gotfrid Von
759Devar, ser Jeyms
760Reyli, Jon Uilyam Strutt, 3-baron
761Ferrier, ser Devid
762Flemming, Uolter
763Gill, ser Devid
764Golgi, Kamillo
765Abney, ser Uilyam de Vivlesli
766Chamberlin, Tomas Chrowder
767Koch, (Geynrix Hermann) Robert
768Strasburger, Eduard Adolf
769Boltsman, Lyudvig Edvard
770Miescher, Yoxann Fridrix
771Menson, ser Patrik
772Kantor, Georg
773Pfeffer, Vilgelm
774Rentgen, Vilgelm Konrad
775Mechnikov, Ilya Ilich
776Laveran, Charlz Lui AlphonseDorisababini aniqladi bezgak a protozoan
777Darvin, ser Jorj Xovard
778Lippmann, Gabriel Jonas
779Wroblewski, Zygmunt Plorenty Von
780Xoll, Granvflle Stenli
781Remsen, Ira
782Beneden, Eduard Jozeflouis-Mari Van
783Piket, Raul Per
784Pikering, Edvard Charlz
785Vestingxaus, Jorj
786Baumann, Evgen
787Le Bel, Jozef Axil
788Edison, Tomas Alva-(1847 yil 11 fevral - 1931 yil 18 oktyabr)
789Bell, Aleksandr Grem-(1847 yil 3 mart - 1922 yil 2 avgust)
790Valax, Otto
791Langerhans, Pol
792De Fris, Ugo Mari
793Liliental, Otto
794Eotvos, Roland, Baron fon
795Dorn, Fridrix Ernst
796Meyer, Viktor
797Frege, Fridrix Lyudvig Gottlob
798Roulend, Genri Avgust
799Burbank, Lyuter
800Klayn, Kristian Feliks
801Kjeldal, Yoxann Gustav Kristoffer
802Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich
803Fleming, ser Jon Ambruz
804Kovalevskiy, Sonya
805Gaffki, Georg Teodor Avgust
806Heaviside, Oliver
807Sharpey-Shafer, ser Edvard Albert
808Braun, Karl Ferdinand
809Richet, Charlz Robert
810Rigi, Augusto
811Goldshteyn, Evgen
812Le Shatelier, Anri Lui
813Buchner, Xans Ernst Angass
814Milne, Jon
815Kapteyn, Yakobus KorneliusAstronomiya(1851 yil 19-yanvar - 1922 yil 18-iyun) dalillarni birinchi kashf etgan galaktik aylanish.
816Chamblend, Charlz Eduard
817Beyjerink, Martinus Uillem
818Maunder, Edvard Uolter
819Berliner, Emil
820Lodge, ser Oliver Jozef
821Fitsjerald, Jorj Frensis
822Rid, Uolter
823Balfur, Frensis Meytlend
824Fras, Xerman
825Demarkay, Evgeniy Anatole
826Lindemann, Karl Lui Ferdinandvon
827Ramon Y Kajal, Santyago
828Loffler, Fridrix Avgust Yoxannes
829van Xof, Yakobus Henrikus
830Halsted, Uilyam Styuart
831Moissan, Ferdinand Frederik Anri
832Ramsay, ser Uilyam
833Fischer, Emil Hermann
834Bekkerel, Antuan AnriFizikakashf etuvchi radioaktivlik, buning uchun u 1903 yilda g'olib chiqdi Fizika bo'yicha Nobel mukofoti
835Mishelson, Albert IbrohimFizikao'lchash bo'yicha ishi bilan tanilgan yorug'lik tezligi va ayniqsa Mishelson - Morli tajribasi.
836Sheberle, Jon Martin
837Tomson, Elixu
838Petri, ser (Uilyam Metyu) Flinders-Misrshunos
839Lorents, Xendrik Antuan
840Ostvald, Fridrix Vilgelm
841Gram, Xans Kristian YoaximDori(1853-1938), ixtirochi Gramli dog '.
842Kossel, (Karl Martin Leonxard) Albrecht
843Kamerlingh Onnes, Xayk
844Roux, Per Pol Emil
845Ehrlich, Pol
846Behring, Emil Adolf fon '
847Puankare, Jyul Anri
848Rubner, Maks
849Kerol, Jeyms
850Parsons, ser Charlz Algernon
851Xempson, UilyamMuhandislik(1854–1926) ingliz ixtirochisi.
852Istmen, Jorj
853Gorgas, Uilyam Krouford
854Roozeboom, Xendrik Uillem Baxuis
855Takamin, Jokichi
856Sabatier, Pol
857Rydberg, Yoxannes Robert
858Elster, Yoxann Filipp Lyudvig YuliusFizika(1854-1920) - O'qilgan Fotoelektrik effekt. Yorug'lik intensivligini o'lchash uchun birinchi amaliy qurilma ishlab chiqarilgan.
859Nayser, Albert Lyudvig Sigismund
860Lowell, Percival
861Teisserenc de Bort, Leon Filipp
862Xoch, Charlz Frederik
863Acheson, Edvard Gudrich
864Teylor, Frederik Uinslov
865Freyd, Zigmund
866Piri, Robert Edvin
867Tesla, Nikola
868Uilson, Edmund Beecher
869Tomson, ser Jozef Jon
870Kitasato, Baron Shibasaburō
871Moxorovich, Andriya
872Yoxannsen, Vilgelm Lyudvig
873Xertz, Geynrix Rudolf
874Vagner Von Juregg, Yuliy
875Pirson, Karl
876Ross, ser Ronald
877Hobil, Jon Yoqub
878Binet, Alfred
879Kiler, Jeyms Edvard
880Tsiolkovskiy, Konstantin Eduardovich
881Sherrington, ser Charlz Skott
882Koller, Karl
883Barnard, Edvard Emerson
884Dubois, Mari Eugene Francoisthomas
885Pikering, Uilyam Genri
886Dizel, Rudolf
887Plank, Maks Karl Ernst Lyudvig
888Eykman, Xristian
889Peano, Juzeppe
890Auer, Karl, Baron Fon Velsbax
891Pupin, Maykl Idvorskiy
892Xadfild, ser Robert Ebbott
893Bose, ser Jagadis Chandra
894Arrhenius, Svante avgust
895Popov, Aleksandr Stepanovich
896Loeb, Jak
897Kyuri, Per
898Rid, Garri Filding
899Smit, Theobald
900Osborne, Tomas BurrDoriA vitamini topildi.
901Xaffkin, Valdemar Mordekaywolfs
902Bayliss, ser Uilyam Maddok
903Buchner, Eduard
904Eyntxoven, UillemDori(1860-1927) birinchi amaliy ixtiro qildi elektrokardiogramma (EKG yoki EKG) 1903 yilda
905Barringer, Daniel Mori
906Villard, Pol UlrichFizikatopilgan gamma nurlari 1900 yilda
907Sperri, Elmer Ambruz
908Finsen, Nil Ryberg
909Goldschmidt, Johann (Hans) Wilhelm
910Giyom, Charlz Eduard
911Uaytxed, Alfred Nort
912Xopkins, ser Frederik Govlend
913Bateson, Uilyam
914Nansen, Fridtof
915Innes, Robert Torburn Ayton
916Kennelli, Artur Edvin
917Wiechert, Emil
918Xilbert, Devid
919Gullstrand, Allvar
920Lenard, Filipp Eduard Anton Von
921Nef, Jon Ulrik
922Bragg, ser Uilyam Genri
923Boveri, Teodor
924Vernadskiy, Vladimir Ivanovich
925Ero, Pol Lui Tussent
926Sevgi, Avgustus Edvard Xyu
927Bo'ri, Maksimilian Franz Jozef Kornelius
928Valden, Pol
929Ford, Genri
930Kiping, Frederik Stenli-(1863-1949). Kashshoflik ishi silikon.
931Baekeland, Leo Xendrik
932Kannon, Enni Jump
933Xoll, Charlz Martin
934Wien, Vilgelm
935Minkovskiy, Xermann
936Nernst, Hermann Uolter
937Carver, Jorj Vashington
938Korrens, Karl Franz Jozef Erix
939Ivanovskiy, Dmitriy Losifovich
940Xartmann, Yoxannes Franz
941Paschen, Lui Karl Geynrixfridrix
942Vayss, Per
943Zsigmondi, Richard Adolf
944Shtaynets, Charlz Proteus
945Zeeman, Pieter
946Nagaoka, Xantaro
947Xarden, ser Artur
948Leyshman, ser Uilyam Boog
949Plaskett, Jon Stenli
950Gomberg, Muso
951Vasserman, Avgust Von
952Lebedev, Pyotr Nikolaevich
953Miller, Deyton Klarens
954Starling, Ernest Genri
955Lazer, Jessi Uilyam
956Nikol, Charlz Jyul Anri
957Morgan, Tomas Xant
958Fessenden, Reginald Obri
959Supurgi, Robert
960Verner, Alfred
961Rayt, Uilbur
962Fabri, Charlz
963Duglass, Endryu Ellikott
964Perrin, Charlz Dillon
965Kyuri, Mari Sklodovska
966Ipatieff, Vladimir Nikolaevich
967Sorensen, Soren Piter LauritsKimyo(1868–1939) lar tushunchasi kiritildi pH
968Richards, Teodor UilyamKimyoKimyo bo'yicha Nobel mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi atom og'irliklari ko'p sonli kimyoviy elementlar. "
969Millikan, Robert EndryusFizikaFizikasi bo'yicha Nobel mukofoti sovrindori elektronga zaryad va uning ishi uchun fotoelektr effekti.
970Xeyford, Jon Fillmor
971Skott, Robert Falcon
972Sabine, Wallace Clement WareMuhandislikakustik me'mori Bostonning simfonik zali
973Landshtayner, KariDori1901 yilda zamonaviy tasniflash tizimini ishlab chiqishi bilan ajralib turadi qon guruhlari
974Xeyl, Jorj Elleri
975Leavitt, Henrietta oqqush
976Sommerfeld, Arnold Yoxannes Vilgelm
977Xaber, Fritz
978Abegg, Richard Vilgelm Geynrix
979Uilson, Charlz Tomson Ris
980Levene, Fibus Aaron Teodor
981Spemann, Xans
982Pregl, Fritz
983Poulsen, ValdemarMuhandislikishlab chiqilgan magnit sim yozuvchisi (oldingi) magnit lentani yozib olish) 1899 yilda.
984Adler, Alfred
985Honda, Kotaro
986Bordet, Jyul Jan Batist Vinsent
987Boltvud, Bertram Borden
988Ivanov, IIya Ivanovich
989Klod, Jorj
990Perrin, Jan Batist
991Papa, ser Uilyam Jekson
992Rikketlar, Xovard Teylor
993Grignard, Fransua Ogyust Viktor
994Bodenshteyn, Maks
995Rayt, Orvil
996Rezerford, Ernest
997Shoudinn, Fritz Richard
998Kannon, Uolter Bredford
999Tshermak Von Seysenegg, Erix
1000Langevin, Pol
1001Travers, Morris Uilyam
1002Urbeyn, Jorj
1003Moulton, Forest Rey
1004Sitter, Willem de
1005Rassel, Bertran Artur Uilyam, 3-graf
1006Tsvett, Mixail Semenovich
1007Kertis, Xeber Dust
1008Amundsen, Roald Engelbregt
1009Uillstter, Richard
1010Duggar, Benjamin Ming
1011Eyler-Chelpin, Xans Karl Augustsimon Von
1012d'Herelle, Feliks HubertDori(1873-1949) ning kashfiyotchisi bakteriofaglar (viruslar bakteriyalarni yuqtiradigan)
1013Sidgvik, Nevil Vinsent
1014Berger, Xans
1015Loewi Otto
1016Karrel, Aleksis
1017de Forest, Li
1018Xertzsprung, Ejnar
1019Shvartschild, Karl
1020Kulidj, Uilyam Devid-(1873–1975)
1021Koblents, Uilyam Veber
1022Xarkins, Uilyam Dreyper
1023Erlanger, Jozef
1024Stark, Yoxannes
1025Markoni, Marchese GuglielmoMuhandislik(1874-1937). 1909 yilda yaxshilanganligi uchun Nobel mukofoti radioaloqa. (1902 yil 17-dekabrda birinchi transatlantik radio xabargacha bo'lgan masofa 1,5 km dan oshdi.)
1026Debierne, Andre Lui
1027Goldberger, Jozef
1028Bosch, Karl
1029Blakesli, Albert Frensis
1030Krog, Shak Avgust Shtenberg
1031Vaytsmann, Xaym
1032Moniz, Antonio Caetano de Abreufreire Egas
1033Mayklis, Leonor
1034Deyl, ser Genri Xallett
1035Jung, Karl Gustav
1036Sherman, Genri KlappDori(1875-1955) o'lchov usullari ishlab chiqilgan vitamin oziq-ovqat tarkibi.
1037Lyuis, Gilbert NyutonKimyokashfiyoti bilan tanilgan kovalent boglanish
1038Slipher, Vesto Melvin
1039Diels, Otto Pol Hermann
1040Barani, Robert
1041Yerkes, Robert Meams
1042Keesom, Uillem Xendrik
1043Qimmatli qog'oz, Alfred
1044Kettering, Charlz Franklin
1045Adams, Uolter Sidney
1046Windaus, Adolf
1047Satton, Uolter Stenboro
1048Viland, Geynrix Otto
1049Barkla, Charlz Glover
1050Bibi, Charlz Uilyam
1051Aston, Frensis Uilyam
1052Soddi, Frederik
1053Jinslar, ser Jeyms Xopvud
1054Avery, Osvald Teodor
1055Tvort, Frederik Uilyam
1056Rassel, Genri Norris
1057Uotson, Jon Broadus
1058Nyuvland, Yuliy Artur
1059Whipple, Jorj Xoyt
1060Meitner, Lise
1061Bronsted, Yoxannes Nikolaus
1062Mccollum, Elmer Verner
1063Hahn, Otto
1064Eynshteyn, Albert
1065Shmidt, Bernxard Voldemar
1066Richardson, ser Ouen Uillans
1067Rus, Frensis Peyton
1068Laue, Maks Teodor Feliks fon
1069Vuli, ser Charlz Leonard
1070Gesell, Arnold LuciusDori(1880 yil 21 iyun - 1961 yil 29 may) a psixolog va pediatr sohasida kashshof bo'lgan bola rivojlanishi.
1071Wegener, Alfred Lotar
1072Langmuir, Irving
1073Xess, Valter Rudolf
1074Staudinger, Xermann
1075Karman, Teodor Von
1076Fischer, Xans
1077Fleming, ser Aleksandr
1078Devisson, Klinton Jozef
1079Barxauzen, Geynrix
1080Bridgman, Persi Uilyams
1081Frank, Jeyms
1082Geyger, Xans VilgelmFizika(1882-1945) Ehtimol, hammuallifning ixtirochisi sifatida tanilgan Geyger hisoblagichi va uchun Geyger - Marsden tajribasi kashf etgan atom yadrosi.
1083Goddard, Robert XetingsMuhandislik1926 yil 16 martda u a qurgan va ishga tushirgan birinchi odam bo'ldi suyuq yoqilg'ida raketa.
1084Tug'ilgan, Maks
1085Eddington, ser Artur Stenli
1086Burt, ser Kiril Lodovik
1087Xovort, ser Valter Norman
1088Gess, Viktor FrensisFizikatopilgan kosmik nurlar.
1089Warburg, Otto Geynrix
1090Smit, Filipp Edvard
1091Endryus, Roy Chapman
1092Pikkart, avgust
1093Funk, Casimir
1094Debye, Piter Jozef Vilgelm
1095Meyerhof, Otto Fritz
1096Qora, Devidson
1097Svedberg, Teodor H. E.
1098Bergius, Fridrix Karl Rudolf
1099Rorschax, Hermann
1100Xevsi, Jirgi
1101Bor, Nils Henrik Devid
1102Shapli, Xarlov
1103Minot, Jorj Richards
1104Uilyams, Robert Runnels
1105Kendall, Edvard Kalvin
1106Dempster, Artur Jeffri
1107Robinson, ser Robert
1108Tepalik, Archibald Vivian
1109Trumpler, Robert Julius
1110Frish, Karl Von
1111Zigbahn, Karl Manne Georg
1112Kohler, Volfgang
1113Keilin, Devid
1114Rouz, Uilyam Kamming
1115Xussay, Bernardo Alberto
1116Xertz, Gustav Lyudvig
1117Shredinger, Ervin
1118Panet, Fridrix Adolf
1119Rujicka, Leopold Stiven
1120Sumner, Jeyms Batcheller
1121Mozli, Genri Gvin-Jeffriis
1122Vavilov, Nikolay Ivanovich
1123Goldschmidt, Viktor Morits
1124Stern, Otto
1125Fridman, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
1126Gasser, Gerbert Spenser
1127Zernicke, Fritz
1128Vaksman, Selman IbrohimMuhandislik1953 Nobel ixtirosi uchun laureat fazali kontrastli mikroskop,
1129Bird, Richard Evelin
1130Raman, ser Chandrasekhara Venkata
1131Karrer, Pol
1132Midgli, Tomas, kichik
1133Gutenberg, Beno
1134Zvorikin, Vladimir Kosma-(1889 yil 30-iyul - 1982 yil 29-iyul)
1135Koster, Dirk
1136Xabbl, Edvin Pauell
1137Adrian, Edgar Duglas, Baron
1138Xolms, Artur
1139Bush, Vannevar
1140Jons, ser Xarold Spenser
1141Genri, ser Uilyam Lourens
1142Fisher, ser Ronald Aylmer
1143Armstrong, Edvin Xovard
1144Heyrovskiy, Jaroslav
1145Myuller, Hermann Jozef
1146Bothe, Walther Wilhelm Georg Franz
1147Jeffriis, ser Xarold
1148Nortrop, Jon Xovard
1149Humason, Milton La Salle
1150Chadvik, ser JeymsFizika(1891–1974). Nobel mukofoti sovrindori kashfiyoti uchun mukofotlangan fizikada neytron.
1151Nikolson, Set Barns
1152Banting, ser Frederik GrantDorining birgalikda kashf etganlaridan biri insulin.
1153Sturtevant, Alfred Genri
1154Merfi, Uilyam Parri
1155Uotson-Vatt, ser Robert Aleksandr
1156Tomson, ser Jorj Paget
1157de Brogil, Lui Viktor Pyer Raymond, shahzoda
1158Appleton, ser Edvard Viktor
1159Kompton, Artur Xolli
1160Xeylden, Jon Burdon Sanderson
1161Larson, Jon AvgustMuhandislikixtirochisi poligraf
1162Dart, Raymond Artur
1163Baade, Valter
1164Urey, Xarold Kleyton
1165Simon, ser Franz Evgen Frensis
1166Noddak, Valter Karl Fridrix
1167Szent-Gyrgi, Albert
1168Opik, Ernst Yuliy
1169Duysi, Edvard Adelbert
1170Bose, Satyendra Nath
1171Oparin, Aleksandr Ivanovich
1172Obert, Herman Yulius
1173Kapitza, Piter Leonidovich
1174Lemaitr, Abbe Jorj Eduard
1175Viner, Norbert
1176Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari
1177Dam, Karl Piter Xenrik
1178Giauque, Uilyam Frensis
1179Minkovski, Rudolf Leo B.
1180Tamm, Igor Yevgenevich
1181Kornand, Andre Frederik
1182Reyn, Jozef Benks
1183Domagk, Gerxard
1184Richards, Dikkinson V.
1185Lindblad, Bertil
1186Milne, Edvard Artur
1187Noddack, Ida Eva Tacke
1188Xench, Filipp Shovalter
1189Semenov, Nikolay Nikolaevich
1190Carothers, Wallace Hume
1191Mulliken, Robert Sanderson
1192Kori, Gerti Tereza Radnits
1193Qirol Charlz Glen
1194Kori, Karl Ferdinand
1195Enders, Jon Franklin
1196Lyot, Bernard Ferdinand
1197Xassel, g'alati
1198Cockcroft, ser Jon Duglas
1199Vittig, Georg Fridrix Karl
1200Xinshelvud, ser Kiril Norman
1201Reyxshteyn, Tadeush
1202Uikoff, Ralf Uolter Greystoun
1203Struve, Otto
1204Joliot-Kyuri, Irene
1205Byerknes, Jeykob Aall Bonnevi,
1206Norrish, Ronald Jorj Ureyford
1207Blekett, Patrik Maynard Styuart
1208Szilard, Leo
1209Tsviki, Frits
1210Astberi, Uilyam Tomas
1211Shengeymer, Rudolf
1212Rabi, Isidor IshoqFizikaNobel mukofoti sovrindori 1944 yilda uning kashfiyoti uchun yadro magnit-rezonansi.
1213Flori, Xovard
1214Lisenko, Trofim Denisovich
1215Zigler, Karl
1216Myuller, Pol Xermann
1217Tiler, Maks
1218Eng yaxshisi, Charlz HerbertDoriU birgalikda kashf etganlardan biri edi insulin.
1219Van Vlek, Jon Xasbrok
1220Bekesi, Georg Von
1221Lipmann, Fritz Albert
1222Klod, Albert
1223Burnet, ser Frank Macfariane
1224Dobjanskiy, Theodosius
1225Rikover, Xeyman Jorj
1226London, Fritz Volfgang
1227Joliot-Kyuri, Frederik
1228Pauli, Volfgang
1229Oort, Yan Xendrik
1230Gabor, DennisFizikaixtirochi, ixtiro qilish bilan eng mashhur golografiya, buning uchun u keyinchalik olgan Fizika bo'yicha Nobel mukofoti.
1231Krebs, ser Xans Adolf
1232Granit, Ragnar Artur
1233Kuh, Richard
1234Uhlenbek, Jorj Eugene
1235Dubos, Rene Jyul
1236Poling, Linus Karl
1237Menzel, Donald Xovard
1238Xinton, Kristofer, BaronMuhandislikyadroviy qurilish muhandisi va rahbari Calder Hall, dunyodagi birinchi yirik tijorat atom elektr stantsiyasi.
1239Du Vigneaud, Vinsent
1240Elvexjem, Konrad Arnold
1241Lourens, Ernest Orlando
1242Xaggins, Charlz Branton
1243Fermi, Enriko
1244Olifant, Markus Lorens Elvin
1245Geyzenberg, Verner Karl
1246Van de Graf, Robert Jemison
1247van de Kamp, Piter
1248Morgenstern, Oskar
1249Lindberg, Charlz Avgust
1250Bratteyn, Valter XauserMuhandislikbilan birga Jon Bardin va Uilyam Shokli, ixtiro qilgan tranzistor.
1251Strassman, Fritz
1252Kastler, Alfred
1253Lwoff, Andre Maykl
1254Alder, Kurt
1255Goudsmtt, Semyuel Ibrohim
1256Dirak, Pol Adrien Mauris
1257Tiselius, Arne Wilhelm Kaurin
1258Bruver, Dirk
1259Speding, Frank XaroldKimyoan kimdir ion almashinuvi ajratish tartibi noyob tuproq elementlari, tozalash uranva ajratish izotoplar elementlarning
1260Vigner, Evgeniy Pol
1261Kurchatov, Igor Vasilevich
1262Ekklz, ser Jon Keru
1263Natta, Julio
1264Boyd, Uilyam Klouzer
1265Butenandt, Adolf Fridrix Yoxann
1266Pincus, Gregori
1267Teorel, Aksel Ugo Teodor
1268Liki, Lui Seymur Bazett
1269Uolton, Ernest Tomas Sinton
1270Bidl, Jorj Uells
1271Lorenz, Konrad
1272Onsager, Lars
1273Neyman, Jon Von
1274Pauell, Sesil Frank
1275Snell, Jorj Devis
1276Xartlin, Xeldan Keffer
1277Bittner, Jon Jozef
1278Gamov, Jorj
1279Elsasser, Valter Mauris
1280Oppengeymer, J. Robert
1281Cherenkov, Pavel Alekseyevich
1282Stenli, Vendeu Meredit
1283Forsman, Verner
1284Frish, Otto Robert
1285Nil, Lui Eugene Feliks
1286Gertsberg, Gerxard
1287Segre, Emilio
1288Fon Euler, Ulf Svante
1289Rossi, Bruno Benedetto
1290Uayldt, Rupert
1291Chargapf, Ervin-(1905–2002)
1292Anderson, Karl DevidFizikakashf qilish bilan eng yaxshi tanilgan pozitron 1932 yilda, u 1936 yilga erishgan yutuq Fizika bo'yicha Nobel mukofotiva of muon 1936 yilda.
1293Ochoa, Severo
1294Mott, ser Nevill Frensis
1295Yanskiy, Karl Gute
1296Bloch, Feliks
1297Kuiper, Jerar Piter
1298Morgan, Uilyam Uilson
1299Tombaugh, Klayd UilyamAstronomiya(1906-1997) eng mashhur kashfiyoti bilan tanilgan mitti sayyora Pluton 1930 yilda
1300Tomonaga, Shin'ichiro
1301Godel, Kurt
1302Bok, Bart Yan
1303Eving, Uilyam Mauris
1304Xess, Garri Xemmond
1305Kreyg, Layman KreytonDori(1908-1974), izolyatsiya qilish bilan tanilgan biokimyoviy paratiroid gormoni.
1306Zanjir, Ernst Boris
1307Goeppert-Mayer, Mariya
1308Bethe, Hans Albrecht
1309Schaefer, Vincent Joseph
1310Prelog, Vladimir
1311Sabin, Albert Bruce
1312Folkers, Kari August
1313Delbrück, Max
1314Leloir, Luis Frederico
1315Ley, Villi
1316Edlen, Bengt
1317Whipple, Fred Lawrence
1318Wald, George
1319Goldmark, Peter Carl
1320Wilkins, Robert Wallace
1321Zinn, Walter Henry
1322Ruska, Ernst August Friedrich
1323Yukawa, Hideki
1324Veksler, Vladimir Losifovich
1325Bovet, Daniele
1326Tinbergen, Nikolaas
1327Jensen, Johannes Hans Daniel
1328Mauchly, John William
1329Mcmillan, Edwin Mattison
1330Dunning, Jon Rey
1331Todd, Alexander Robertus, Baron
1332Teller, Edward
1333Landau, Lev Davidovich
1334Bardeen, John
1335Alfvén, Hannes Olof Gosta
1336Kozyrev, Nikolai Alexandrovich
1337Bawden, Sir Frederick Charles
1338Ambartzumian, Victoramazaspovich
1339Williams, Robley Cook
1340Frank, Ilya Mikhaylovich
1341Hershey, Alfred Day
1342Libby, Willard Frank
1343Artsimovich, Lev Andreevich
1344Land, Edwin Herbert
1345Greenstein, Jesse Leonard
1346Tatum, Edward Lawrie
1347Monod, Jacques Lucien
1348Shockley, William Bradford
1349Walter, William Grey
1350Martin, Archer John Porter
1351Pierce, John Robinson
1352Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot
1353Kusto, Jak-Iv
1354Flory, Paul John
1355Fraenkel-Conrat, Heinz
1356Chandrasekxar, Subrahmanyan
1357Roberts, Richard BrookeFizikaphysicist and biophysicist, participated in the experiment in which the bo'linish of the uranium atom was first observed in 1939.
1358Shemin, David
1359Katz, Sir Bernard
1360Lynen, Feodor
1361Calvin, Melvin
1362Goldxeyber, Moris
1362Blanchard, Jean Pierre François
1363Alvarez, Luis Walter
1364Mueller, Erwin Wilhelm
1365Stein, William Howard
1366Uiler, Jon Archibald
1367Kerst, Donald William
1368Reber, Grote
1369Bloch, Konrad Emil
1370Braun, Wernher Magnus Maximilian von
1371Fox, Sidney Walter
1372Seaborg, Glenn Theodore
1373Brown, Herbert Charles
1374Axelrod, Julius
1375Turing, Alan Matison
1376Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich, Baron von
1377Luria, Salvador Edward
1378Purcell, Edvard Mills
1379Moore, Stanford
1380Palade, George Emil
1381Flerov, Georgii Nikolaevich
1382Li, Choh Hao
1383Abelson, Philip Hauge
1384Chance, Britton
1385Kamen, Martin David
1386Lovell, Sir Alfred Charles Bernard
1387Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd
1388Dulbecco, Renato
1389Perutz, Max Ferdinand
1390Spitzer, Lyman, Jr.
1391Vonnegut, Bernard
1392Van Allen, James Alfred
1393Salk, Jonas Edward
1394Synge, Richard Laurence Millington
1395Hofstadter, Robert
1396Medawar, Sir Peter Brian
1397Weller, Thomas Huckle
1398Hoyle, Sir Fred
1399Barghoorn, Elso Sterrenberg
1400Townes, Charles Hard
1401Hillier, James
1402Sutherland, Earl Wilbur, Jr.
1403Anfinsen, Christian Boehmer
1404Shannon, Claude Elwood
1405Dicke, Robert Henry
1406Crick, Francis Harry ComptonDori(1916–2004) most noted for being one of two co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule 1953 yilda,
1407Friedman, Herbert
1408Shklovskii, Losif Samuilovich
1409Prokhorov, Alexander Mikhailovich
1410Robbins, Frederick Chapman
1411Dausset, Jean
1412O'keefe, John Aloysius
1413Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick
1414Prigojin, Ilya
1415Kendrew, John Cowdery
1416Woodward, Robert Burns
1417Cornforth, Sir John Warcup
1418De Duve, Christian Rene
1419Huxley, Andrew Fielding
1420Rainwater, Leo James
1421Schwinger, Julian Seymour
1422Kornberg, Artur
1423Reines, Frederick
1424Feynman, Richard Philips
1425Matthias, Bern Teo
1426Sanger, Frederick
1427Barton, Sir Derek Harold Richard
1428Ryle, Sir Martin
1429Fischer, Ernst Otto
1430Van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffell
1431Eckert, John Presper, Jr.
1432Hillary, Sir Edmund Percival
1433Bondi, Sir Hermann
1434Cowan, Clyde Lorrain
1435Lipscomb, William Nunn, Jr.
1436Bloembergen, Nicolaas
1437Gold, Thomas
1438Jeykob, Fransua
1439Chamberlain, Owen
1440Franklin, Rosalind Elsie
1441Mitchell, Peter Dennis
1442Benacerraf, Baruj
1443Porter, George
1444Sakharov, Andrey Dmitriyevich
1445Wilkinson, Sir Geoffrey
1446Yalow, Rosalyn Sussman
1447Hoagland, Mahlon Bush
1448Khorana, Har Gobind
1449Holley, Robert William
1450Bohr, Aage Niels
1451Yang, Chen Ning
1452Barnard, Christiaan NeethlingDori(1922–2001) kardiojarroh, famous for performing the world's first successful human-to-human yurak transplantatsiyasi.
1453Basov, Nikolai Gennadievich
1454Fitch, Val Logsden
1455Franklin, Kenneth Linn
1456Gajdusek, Daniel Carieton
1457Ponnamperuma, Cyril
1458Anderson, Philip Warren
1459Dyson, Freeman John
1460Gubllemin, Roger
1461Cormack, Allan MacLeod
1462Heezen, Bruce Charles
1463Hewish, Anthony
1464Esaki, Leo
1465Ne'eman, Yuval
1466Lederberg, Joshua
1467Blumberg, Baruch Samuel
1468Salom, Abdus
1469Sandage, Allan Rex
1470Berg, Paul
1471Mottelson, Ben Roy
1472Glaser, Donald Arthur
1473Lee, Tsung-Dao
1474Schally, Andrew Victor
1475O'Neill, Gerard Kitchen
1476Nirenberg, Marshau Warren
1477Eygen, Manfred
1478Parker, Eugene Newman
1479Maiman, Theodore Harold
1480Watson, James Dewey
1481Hawkins, Gerald Stanley
1482Nathans, Daniel
1483Mossbauer, Rudolf Ludwig
1484Giaever, Ivar
1485Arber, Werner
1486Edelman, Gerald Maurice
1487Gell-Mann, Myurrey
1488Schmidt, Maarten
1489Cooper, Leon N.
1490Miller, Stanley Lloyd
1491Drake, Frank Donald
1492Armstrong, Neil Alden
1493Richter, Burton
1494I Miller, Jacques Francis Albert Pierre
1495Schrieffer, John Robert
1496Smith, Hamilton Othanel
1497Cronin, James Watson
1498Gilbert, Uolter
1499Bartlett, Nil
1500Glashow, Sheldon Lee
1501Penzias, Amo Allan
1502Weinberg, Steven
1502Gagarin, Yuri Alekseyevich
1504Sagan, Karl
1505Temin, Howard Martin
1506Wilson, Robert Woodrow
1507Ting, Samuel C. C.
1508Baltimore, David
1509Josephson, Brian David
1510Xoking, Stiven Uilyam

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ "Anaximander" in Palatalar entsiklopediyasi. London: Jorj Nyunes, 1961, jild 1, p. 403.
  2. ^ Lindberg, David C. “The Greeks and the Cosmos.” G'arb fanining boshlanishi. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. 28.
  3. ^ Graham, Daniel W. "Anaximenes". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  4. ^ "Ksenofanlar". Internet falsafasi entsiklopediyasi.
  5. ^ Chisholm, Xyu, nashr. (1911). "Heraclitus" . Britannica entsiklopediyasi. 13 (11-nashr). Kembrij universiteti matbuoti. 309-310 betlar.
  6. ^ Aristotle with W. D. Ross, ed., Aristotelning asarlari … (Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1931), vol. III, Meteorologica, E. W. Webster, trans., Book 1, Part 8, 39-40 betlar Arxivlandi April 11, 2016, at the Orqaga qaytish mashinasi : "(2) Anaxagoras, Democritus, and their schools say that the milky way is the light of certain stars."
  7. ^ "Keyinchalik Filolaus tug'ilishining eng katta ehtimoli 470 yilga to'g'ri keladi, garchi u 480 yoshida yoki 440 yil oxirida tug'ilishi mumkin edi. U 380 yillarda va hech bo'lmaganda 399 yilgacha yashagan ko'rinadi." Karl A. Xuffman, (1993) Kroton Filolasi: Pifagor va Presokratik, 5-6 betlar. Kembrij universiteti matbuoti
  8. ^ Barns (1987).
  9. ^ Chisholm, Xyu, nashr. (1911). "Sokrat". Britannica entsiklopediyasi (11-nashr). Kembrij universiteti matbuoti.
  10. ^ "Gippokrat". Microsoft Encarta Onlayn Entsiklopediyasi. Microsoft korporatsiyasi. 2006. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2009-10-31 kunlari.
  11. ^ "...the subject of philosophy, as it is often conceived—a rigorous and systematic examination of ethical, political, metaphysical, and epistemological issues, armed with a distinctive method—can be called his invention" (Kraut, Richard (11 September 2013). Zalta, Edvard N. (tahrir). "Plato". Stenford falsafa entsiklopediyasi. Stenford universiteti. Olingan 3 aprel 2014.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola))
  12. ^ Acott, Chris (1999). "Sho'ng'in" qonunchilar ": ularning hayotlari haqida qisqacha ma'lumot". Janubiy Tinch okeanining suv osti tibbiyoti jamiyati jurnali. 29 (1). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 2 aprelda. Olingan 17 aprel 2009.
  13. ^ During Newton's lifetime, two calendars were in use in Europe: the Julian ("Eski uslub") taqvim protestant va Pravoslav mintaqalar, shu jumladan Britaniya; va Gregorian ("Yangi uslub") calendar in Roman Catholic Europe. At Newton's birth, Gregorian dates were ten days ahead of Julian dates: thus his birth is recorded as taking place on 25 December 1642 Old Style, but can be converted to a New Style (modern) date of 4 January 1643. By the time of his death, the difference between the calendars had increased to eleven days: moreover, he died in the period after the start of the New Style year on 1 January, but before that of the Old Style new year on 25 March. His death occurred on 20 March 1726 according to the Old Style calendar, but the year is usually adjusted to 1727. A full conversion to New Style gives the date 31 March 1727. See Thony, Christie (2015) Calendrical confusion or just when did Newton die?, The Renaissance Mathematicus, retrieved 20 March 2015 from https://thonyc.wordpress.com/2015/03/20/calendrical-confusion-or-just-when-did-newton-die/
  14. ^ sächsische Biografie (nemis tilida)
  15. ^ Hoskin, M. (ed.) (2003) Caroline Herschel's autobiographies, Science History Publications Cambridge, p. 13, ISBN 0905193067.