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Isotopen van bismut
Es Chemisches ElementWismut (Bi), mit a Atommasse ab 208.98040(1) Sie, besitzt keine stabile Isotope, obwohl es ein Isotop gibt (209Bi) die eine extrem lange hat halbes Leben ab 19 BillionJahr (1,9 × 1019 Jahre) hat. Denn diese Halbwertszeit ist etwa eine Milliarde Mal größer als die geschätzte Alter des Universums, dieses Isotop kann in der Praxis als stabil angesehen werden. Die 34 Radioisotope sind instabil und haben eine relativ kurze Halbwertszeit. Spuren der Radioisotope finden sich in der Natur 210Bi, 211Bi, 212Bi, 214Bi und 215Bi für.
Das kurzlebige Isotop von Wismut ist 185Bi, mit einer Halbwertszeit von etwa 2 Millisekunden. Die langlebigste (na 209Bi) ist 208Bi, mit einer Halbwertszeit von 368.000 Jahr.
Überblick
| Nuklid | Z (p) | N (nein) | Isotope Masse (u) | halbes Leben | Radioaktiver Zerfall | VP | Kernspin | Isotopenverhältnis (Molenbruch) | Natürliches Vorkommen (Molbruch) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anregungsenergie | |||||||||
| 184Bi | 83 | 101 | 184,00112(14) | 6,6(15) ms | 3 | ||||
| 184mBi | 150(100) keV | 13(2) ms | 10− | ||||||
| 185Bi | 83 | 102 | 184,99763(6) | 2 ms | p | 184PN | 9/2− | ||
| α (selten) | 181tl | ||||||||
| 185mBi | 70(50) keV | 49(7) µs | α | 181tl | 1/2 | ||||
| p | 184PN | ||||||||
| 186Bi | 83 | 103 | 185,99660(8) | 14,8(7) ms | α | 182tl | (3) | ||
| β (selten) | 186PN | ||||||||
| 186mBi | 270(140) keV | 9,8(4) ms | α | 182tl | (10−) | ||||
| β | 186PN | ||||||||
| 187Bi | 83 | 104 | 186,993158(16) | 32(3) ms | (50%) | 183tl | 9/2− | ||
| β (50%) | 187PN | ||||||||
| 187m1Bi | 101(20) keV | 320(70) µs | 1/2 | ||||||
| 187m2Bi | 252(1) keV | 7(5) µs | (13/2) | ||||||
| 188Bi | 83 | 105 | 187,99227(5) | 44(3) ms | α | 184tl | 3 | ||
| β (selten) | 188PN | ||||||||
| 188mBi | 210(140) keV | 220(40) ms | α | 184tl | (10−) | ||||
| β (selten) | 188PN | ||||||||
| 189Bi | 83 | 106 | 188,98920(6) | 674(11) ms | (51%) | 185tl | (9/2−) | ||
| β (49%) | 189PN | ||||||||
| 189m1Bi | 181(6) keV | 5,0(1) ms | (1/2) | ||||||
| 189m2Bi | 357(1) keV | 880(50) ns | (13/2) | ||||||
| 190Bi | 83 | 107 | 189,9883(2) | 6.3(1) s | (77%) | 186tl | (3) | ||
| β (30%) | 190PN | ||||||||
| 190m1Bi | 420(180) keV | 6.2(1) s | (70%) | 186tl | (10−) | ||||
| β (23%) | 190PN | ||||||||
| 190m2Bi | 690(180) keV | > 500(100) ns | 7 | ||||||
| 191Bi | 83 | 108 | 190,985786(8) | 12,3(3) s | (60%) | 187tl | (9/2−) | ||
| β (40%) | 191PN | ||||||||
| 191mBi | 240(4) keV | 124(5) ms | (75%) | 187tl | (1/2) | ||||
| β (25%) | 191PN | ||||||||
| 192Bi | 83 | 109 | 191,98546(4) | 34,6(9) s | β (82%) | 192PN | (3) | ||
| (18%) | 188tl | ||||||||
| 192mBi | 150(30) keV | 39,6(4) s | β (90,8%) | 192PN | (10−) | ||||
| (9,2%) | 188tl | ||||||||
| 193Bi | 83 | 110 | 192,98296(1) | 67(3) s | β (95%) | 193PN | (9/2−) | ||
| (5%) | 189tl | ||||||||
| 193mBi | 308(7) keV | 3.2(6) s | (90%) | 189tl | (1/2) | ||||
| β (10%) | 193PN | ||||||||
| 194Bi | 83 | 111 | 193,98283(5) | 95(3) s | β (99,54%) | 194PN | (3) | ||
| (0,46 %) | 190tl | ||||||||
| 194m1Bi | 110(70) keV | 125(2) s | β | 194PN | (6, 7) | ||||
| (selten) | 190tl | ||||||||
| 194m2Bi | 230(90) keV | 115(4) s | (10−) | ||||||
| 195Bi | 83 | 112 | 194,980651(6) | 183(4) s | β (99,97%) | 195PN | (9/2−) | ||
| (0,03%) | 191tl | ||||||||
| 195m1Bi | 399(6) keV | 87(1) s | β (67%) | 195PN | (1/2) | ||||
| (33%) | 191tl | ||||||||
| 195m2Bi | 2311,4X keV | 750(50) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
| 196Bi | 83 | 113 | 195,980667(26) | 5.1(2) Minuten | β (99,99%) | 196PN | (3) | ||
| (0,00115%) | 192tl | ||||||||
| 196m1Bi | 166,6(30) keV | 0,6(5) Sek. | ES | 196Bi | (7) | ||||
| β | 196PN | ||||||||
| 196m2Bi | 270(3) keV | 4,00(5) min | (10−) | ||||||
| 197Bi | 83 | 114 | 196,978864(9) | 9,33(50) min | β (99,99%) | 197PN | (9/2−) | ||
| (10−4%) | 193tl | ||||||||
| 197m1Bi | 690(110) keV | 5,04(16) min | (55%) | 193tl | (1/2) | ||||
| β (45%) | 197PN | ||||||||
| IT (0,3%) | 197Bi | ||||||||
| 197m2Bi | 2129.3(4) keV | 204(18) ns | (23/2−) | ||||||
| 197m3Bi | 2360,4(5)X keV | 263(13) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
| 197m4Bi | 2383,1(7)X keV | 253(39) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
| 197m5Bi | 2929,5(5) keV | 209(30) ns | (31/2−) | ||||||
| 198Bi | 83 | 115 | 197,97921(3) | 10,3(3) min | β | 198PN | (2, 3) | ||
| 198m1Bi | 280(40) keV | 11,6(3) min | β | 198PN | (7) | ||||
| 198m2Bi | 530(40) keV | 7.7(5) s | 10− | ||||||
| 199Bi | 83 | 116 | 198,977672(13) | 27(1) Minuten | β | 199PN | 9/2− | ||
| 199m1Bi | 667(4) keV | 24,70(15) min | β (98%) | 199PN | (1/2) | ||||
| IT (2%) | 199Bi | ||||||||
| (0,01%) | 195tl | ||||||||
| 199m2Bi | 1947(25) keV | 0,10(3) µs | (25/2) | ||||||
| 199m3Bi | ± 2547,0 keV | 168(13) ns | 29/2− | ||||||
| 200Bi | 83 | 117 | 199,978132(26) | 36,4(5) min | β | 200PN | 7 | ||
| 200m1Bi | 100(70) keV | 31(2) Minuten | EV (90%) | 200PN | (2) | ||||
| IT (10%) | 200Bi | ||||||||
| 200m2Bi | 428,20(10) keV | 400(50) ms | (10−) | ||||||
| 201Bi | 83 | 118 | 200,977009(16) | 108(3) Minuten | β (99,99%) | 201PN | 9/2− | ||
| (10−4%) | 197tl | ||||||||
| 201m1Bi | 846,34(21) keV | 59,1(6) min | EV (92,9%) | 201PN | 1/2 | ||||
| IT (6,8 %) | 201Bi | ||||||||
| (0,3%) | 197tl | ||||||||
| 201m2Bi | 1932,2X keV | 118(28) ns | (25/2) | ||||||
| 201m3Bi | 1971,2X keV | 105(75) ns | (27/2) | ||||||
| 201m4Bi | 2739,90(20)X keV | 124(4) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
| 202Bi | 83 | 119 | 201,977742(22) | 1,72(5) Stunden | β | 202PN | 5() | ||
| (10−5%) | 198tl | ||||||||
| 202m1Bi | 615(7) keV | 3,04(6) µs | 10− | ||||||
| 202m2Bi | 2607.1(5) keV | 310(50) ns | (17) | ||||||
| 203Bi | 83 | 120 | 202,976876(23) | 11.76(5) Stunden | β | 203PN | 9/2− | ||
| (10−5%) | 199tl | ||||||||
| 203m1Bi | 1098,14(7) keV | 303(5) ms | ES | 203Bi | 1/2 | ||||
| 203m2Bi | 2041,5(6) keV | 194(30) ns | 25/2 | ||||||
| 204Bi | 83 | 121 | 203,977813(28) | 11.22(10) Stunden | β | 204PN | 6 | ||
| 204m1Bi | 805,5(3) keV | 13,0(1) ms | ES | 204Bi | 10− | ||||
| 204m2Bi | 2833,4(11) keV | 1,07(3) ms | (17) | ||||||
| 205Bi | 83 | 122 | 204,977389(8) | 15.31(4) Tage | β | 205PN | 9/2− | ||
| 206Bi | 83 | 123 | 205,978499(8) | 6.243(3) Tage | β | 206PN | 6 | ||
| 206m1Bi | 59.897(17) keV | 7,7(2) µs | (4) | ||||||
| 206m2Bi | 1044,8(5) keV | 890(10) µs | (10−) | ||||||
| 207Bi | 83 | 124 | 206,9784707(26) | 32,9(14) Jahre | β | 207PN | 9/2− | ||
| 207mBi | 2101,49(16) keV | 182(6) µs | 21/2 | ||||||
| 208Bi | 83 | 125 | 207,9797422(25) | 3,68(4) × 105 Jahr | β | 208PN | 5 | ||
| 208mBi | 1571.1(4) keV | 2,58(4) ms | ES | 208Bi | 10− | ||||
| 209Bi | 83 | 126 | 208,9803987(16) | 1,9(2) × 1019 Jahr | α | 205tl | 9/2− | 1,0000 | |
| 210Bi | 83 | 127 | 209,9841204(16) | 5.012(5) Tage | β− | 210po | 1− | Spuren | |
| (1,32×10−4%) | 206tl | ||||||||
| 210mBi | 271.31(11) keV | 3,04(6) × 106 Jahr | α | 206tl | 9− | ||||
| 211Bi | 83 | 128 | 210,987269(6) | 2,14 (2) Minuten | (99,72 %) | 207tl | 9/2− | Spuren | |
| β− (0,276%) | 211po | ||||||||
| 211mBi | 1257(10) keV | 1,4(3) µs | (25/2−) | ||||||
| 212Bi | 83 | 129 | 211,9912857(21) | 60,55(6) min | β− (64,05%) | 212po | 1− | Spuren | |
| (35,94 %) | 208tl | ||||||||
| β−, (0,014 %) | 208PN | ||||||||
| 212m1Bi | 250(30) keV | 25,0 (2) Minuten | (67%) | 208tl | (9−) | ||||
| β− (33%) | 212 mpo | ||||||||
| β−, (0,3%) | 208PN | ||||||||
| 212m2Bi | 2200(200) keV | 7,0(3) min | > 15 | ||||||
| 213Bi | 83 | 130 | 212,994385(5) | 45,59(6) min | β− (97,91%) | 213po | 9/2− | ||
| (2,09 %) | 209tl | ||||||||
| 214Bi | 83 | 131 | 213,998712(12) | 19,9(4) min | β− (99,97%) | 214po | 1- | Spuren | |
| (0,021 %) | 210tl | ||||||||
| β−, (0,003%) | 210PN | ||||||||
| 215Bi | 83 | 132 | 215,001770(16) | 7,6 (2) Minuten | β− | 215po | (9/2−) | Spuren | |
| 215mBi | 1347,5(25) keV | 36,4 (25) Minuten | (25/2−) | ||||||
| 216Bi | 83 | 133 | 216,006306(12) | 2,17(5) min | β− | 216po | 1− | ||
| 217Bi | 83 | 134 | 217,00947(21) | 98,5(8) s | 9/2− | ||||
| 218Bi | 83 | 135 | 218,01432(39) | 33(1) s | 1− | ||||
Übersicht der Isotope pro Element
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