WikiDer > Isotope von Blei
Es Chemisches Elementführen (Pb), mit a Atommasse ab 207.2 Sie, besitzt 4 Stall Isotope: 204Uhr, 206Uhr, 207PN und 208Pb, von denen letzteres am häufigsten vorkommt (ca. 52,4%). Die 33 Radioisotope sind instabil und haben eine relativ kurze Halbwertszeit. Spuren der Radioisotope finden sich auch in der Natur 210Uhr, 211Uhr, 212PN und 214PN für.
Das kurzlebige Isotop von Blei ist 176Pb, mit einer Halbwertszeit von etwa 5,2 Millisekunden. Die langlebigste ist 205Pb, mit einer Halbwertszeit von etwa 15,3 MillionJahr.
Stabile Isotope
Blei-204, mit einer natürlichen Häufigkeit von etwa 1,4%, ist a urtümlich und nicht radiogenes Nuklid. Es steht im Verdacht -zerfallen zum stabilen Isotop zerfallen 200Hg, mit einer Halbwertszeit von 140 BillardJahr. Weil diese Halbwertszeit millionenfach größer ist als die Alter des Universums, das Isotop kann als stabil angesehen werden.
Die anderen stabilen Bleiisotope, 206PN, 207PN und 208PN, bilden die Endstation der Zerfallssequenzen von jeweils Uran, Aktinium und Thorium. Diese Isotope stehen auch im Verdacht, zu Isotopen des Via-Zerfalls zu zerfallen Merkur. Blei-208 ist das schwerste bekannte stabile Isotop und hat eine extrem lange Halbwertszeit von 20 Billion Jahr.
Alle stabilen Isotope können in der Lead-Lead-Dating und der Uran-Blei-Dating.
Überblick
| Nuklid | Z (p) | N (nein) | Isotope Masse (u) | halbes Leben | Radioaktiver Zerfall | VP | Kernspin | Isotopenverhältnis (Molenbruch) | Natürliches Vorkommen (Molbruch) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anregungsenergie | |||||||||
| 178PN | 82 | 96 | 178,003830(26) | 0,23(15) ms | 0 | ||||
| 179PN | 82 | 97 | 179,00215(21) | 3 ms | 5/2− | ||||
| 180PN | 82 | 98 | 179,997918(22) | 4,5(11) ms | 0 | ||||
| 181PN | 82 | 99 | 180,99662(10) | 45(20) ms | α (98%) | 177Hg | 5/2− | ||
| β (2%) | 181tl | ||||||||
| 182PN | 82 | 100 | 181,992672(15) | 60(40) ms | (98%) | 178Hg | 0 | ||
| β (2%) | 182tl | ||||||||
| 183PN | 82 | 101 | 182,99187(3) | 535 (30) ms | (94%) | 179Hg | (3/2−) | ||
| β (6%) | 183tl | ||||||||
| 183mPN | 94(8) keV | 415(20) ms | α | 179Hg | (13/2) | ||||
| β (selten) | 183tl | ||||||||
| 184PN | 82 | 102 | 183,988142(15) | 490 (25) ms | α | 180Hg | 0 | ||
| β (selten) | 184tl | ||||||||
| 185PN | 82 | 103 | 184,987610(17) | 6.3(4) s | α | 181Hg | 3/2− | ||
| β (selten) | 185tl | ||||||||
| 185mPN | 60(40) keV | 4.07(15) s | α | 181Hg | 13/2 | ||||
| β (selten) | 185tl | ||||||||
| 186PN | 82 | 104 | 185,984239(12) | 4.82(3) s | (56%) | 182Hg | 0 | ||
| β (44%) | 186tl | ||||||||
| 187PN | 82 | 105 | 186,983918(9) | 15,2(3) Sek. | β | 187tl | (3/2−) | ||
| α | 183Hg | ||||||||
| 187mPN | 11(11) keV | 18.3(3) s | β (98%) | 187tl | (13/2) | ||||
| (2%) | 183Hg | ||||||||
| 188PN | 82 | 106 | 187,980874(11) | 25,5(1) s | β (91,5%) | 188tl | 0 | ||
| (8,5%) | 184Hg | ||||||||
| 188m1PN | 2578,2(7) keV | 830(210) ns | (8−) | ||||||
| 188m2PN | 2800(50) keV | 797(21) ns | |||||||
| 189PN | 82 | 107 | 188,98081(4) | 51(3) s | β | 189tl | (3/2−) | ||
| 189mPN | 40(30) keV | 1 Minute | β (99,6%) | 189tl | (13/2) | ||||
| (0,4%) | 185Hg | ||||||||
| 190PN | 82 | 108 | 189,978082(13) | 71(1) s | β (99,1%) | 190tl | 0 | ||
| (0,9 %) | 186Hg | ||||||||
| 190m1PN | 2614,8(8) keV | 150 ns | 10 | ||||||
| 190m2PN | 2618(20) keV | 25 µs | (12) | ||||||
| 190m3PN | 2658.2(8) keV | 7,2(6) µs | 11− | ||||||
| 191PN | 82 | 109 | 190,97827(4) | 1,33(8) min | β (99,987%) | 191tl | (3/2−) | ||
| (0,013 %) | 187Hg | ||||||||
| 191mPN | 20(50) keV | 2,18(8) min | β (99,98%) | 191tl | 13/2 | ||||
| (0,02%) | 187Hg | ||||||||
| 192PN | 82 | 110 | 191,975785(14) | 3,5(1) Minuten | β (99,99%) | 192tl | 0 | ||
| (0,0061 %) | 188Hg | ||||||||
| 192m1PN | 2581.1(1) keV | 164(7) ns | 10 | ||||||
| 192m2PN | 2625.1(11) keV | 1,1(5) µs | (12) | ||||||
| 192m3PN | 2743,5(4) keV | 756(21) ns | 11− | ||||||
| 193PN | 82 | 111 | 192,97617(5) | 5 Minuten | β | 193tl | (3/2−) | ||
| 193m1PN | 130(80) keV | 5,8 (2) Minuten | β | 193tl | 13/2 | ||||
| 193m2PN | 2612,5(5)X keV | 135(25-15) k. A | (33/2) | ||||||
| 194PN | 82 | 112 | 193,974012(19) | 12,0(5) min | β (100%) | 194tl | 0 | ||
| (7.3×10−6%) | 190Hg | ||||||||
| 195PN | 82 | 113 | 194,974542(25) | ± 15 Minuten | β | 195tl | 3/2− | ||
| 195m1PN | 202,9(7) keV | 15,0(12) min | β | 195tl | 13/2 | ||||
| 195m2PN | 1759,0(7) keV | 10,0(7) µs | 21/2− | ||||||
| 196PN | 82 | 114 | 195,972774(15) | 37(3) Minuten | β | 196tl | 0 | ||
| (3×10−5%) | 192Hg | ||||||||
| 196m1PN | 1049,20(9) keV | < 100 ns | 2 | ||||||
| 196m2PN | 1738,27(12) keV | < 1 µs | 4 | ||||||
| 196m3PN | 1797,51(14) keV | 140(14) ns | 5− | ||||||
| 196m4p | 2693,5(5) keV | 270(4) ns | (12) | ||||||
| 197PN | 82 | 115 | 196,973431(6) | 8,1(17) min | β | 197tl | 3/2− | ||
| 197m1PN | 319,31(11) keV | 42,9(9) min | β (81%) | 197tl | 13/2 | ||||
| IT (19%) | 197PN | ||||||||
| (3×10−4%) | 193Hg | ||||||||
| 197m2PN | 1914.10(25) keV | 1,15(20) µs | 21/2− | ||||||
| 198PN | 82 | 116 | 197,972034(16) | 2,4(1) Stunden | β | 198tl | 0 | ||
| 198m1PN | 2141.4(4) keV | 4,19(10) µs | 7− | ||||||
| 198m2PN | 2231,4(5) keV | 137(10) ns | 9− | ||||||
| 198m3PN | 2820,5(7) keV | 212(4) ns | 12 | ||||||
| 199PN | 82 | 117 | 198,972917(28) | 90(10) Minuten | β | 199tl | 3/2− | ||
| 199m1PN | 429,5(27) keV | 12,2(3) min | IT (93%) | 199PN | (13/2) | ||||
| β (7%) | 199tl | ||||||||
| 199m2PN | 2563,8(27) keV | 10.1(2) µs | (29/2−) | ||||||
| 200PN | 82 | 118 | 199,971827(12) | 21,5(4) Stunden | β | 200tl | 0 | ||
| 201PN | 82 | 119 | 200,972885(24) | 9,33(3) Stunden | IT (99%) | 201PN | 5/2− | ||
| β (1%) | 201tl | ||||||||
| 201m1PN | 629.14(17) keV | 61(2) s | 13/2 | ||||||
| 201m2PN | 2718,5X keV | 508(5) ns | (29/2−) | ||||||
| 202PN | 82 | 120 | 201,972159(9) | 52,5(28) × 103 Jahr | EV (99%) | 202tl | 0 | ||
| (1%) | 198Hg | ||||||||
| 202m1PN | 2169,83(7) keV | 3,53(1) Stunden | IT (90,5%) | 202PN | 9− | ||||
| EV (9,5%) | 202tl | ||||||||
| 202m2PN | 4142,9(11) keV | 110(5) ns | (16) | ||||||
| 202m3PN | 5345.9(13) keV | 107(5) ns | (19−) | ||||||
| 203PN | 82 | 121 | 202,973391(7) | 51.873(9) Stunden | EV | 203tl | 5/2− | ||
| 203m1PN | 825,20(9) keV | 6.21(8) s | ES | 203PN | 13/2 | ||||
| 203m2PN | 2949,47(22) keV | 480(7) ms | 29/2− | ||||||
| 203m3PN | 2923,4X keV | 122(4) ns | (25/2−) | ||||||
| 204PN | 82 | 122 | 203,9730436(13) | stabil | 0 | 0,014(1) | 0,0104 - 0,0165 | ||
| 204m1PN | 1274,00(4) keV | 265(10) ns | 4 | ||||||
| 204m2PN | 2185,79(5) keV | 67,2(3) min | 9− | ||||||
| 204m3PN | 2264,33(4) keV | 0,45(10-3) µs | 7− | ||||||
| 205PN | 82 | 123 | 204,9744818(13) | 15,3(7) × 106 Jahr | EV | 205tl | 5/2− | ||
| 205m1PN | 2.329(7) keV | 24,2(4) µs | 1/2− | ||||||
| 205m2PN | 1013.839(13) keV | 5,55(2) ms | 13/2 | ||||||
| 205m3PN | 3195,7(5) keV | 217(5) ns | 25/2− | ||||||
| 206PN | 82 | 124 | 205,9744653(13) | stabil | 0 | 0,241(1) | 0,2084 - 0,2748 | ||
| 206m1PN | 2200.14(4) keV | 125(2) µs | 7− | ||||||
| 206m2PN | 4027.3(7) keV | 202(3) ns | 12 | ||||||
| 207PN | 82 | 125 | 206,9758969(13) | stabil | 1/2− | 0,221(1) | 0,1762 - 0,2365 | ||
| 207mPN | 1633.368(5) keV | 806(6) ms | ES | 207PN | 13/2 | ||||
| 208PN | 82 | 126 | 207,9766521(13) | stabil | 0 | 0,524(1) | 0,5128 - 0,5621 | ||
| 208mPN | 4895(2) keV | 500(10) ns | 10 | ||||||
| 209PN | 82 | 127 | 208,9810901(19) | 3.253(14) Stunden | β− | 209Bi | 9/2 | ||
| 210PN | 82 | 128 | 209,9841885(16) | 22.20(22) Jahre | β− (100%) | 210Bi | 0 | Spuren | |
| (1,9×10−6%) | 206Hg | ||||||||
| 210mPN | 1278(5) keV | 201(17) ns | 8 | ||||||
| 211PN | 82 | 129 | 210,9887370(29) | 36,1 (2) Minuten | β− | 211Bi | 9/2 | Spuren | |
| 212PN | 82 | 130 | 211,9918975(24) | 10,64(1) Stunden | β− | 212Bi | 0 | Spuren | |
| 212 mPN | 1335(10) keV | 5(1) µs | (8) | ||||||
| 213PN | 82 | 131 | 212,996581(8) | 10,2(3) min | β− | 213Bi | (9/2) | ||
| 214PN | 82 | 132 | 213,9998054(26) | 26,8(9) min | β− | 214Bi | 0 | Spuren | |
| 215PN | 82 | 133 | 215,00481(44) | 36(1) s | 5/2 | ||||
Übersicht der Isotope pro Element
Quellen, Anmerkungen und/oder Verweise
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