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Isotopen van polonium
Es Chemisches ElementPolonium (Po), mit einem Durchschnitt Atommasse für natürlich vorkommendes Polonium von etwa 209,98 Sie, besitzt keine stabile Isotope und wird somit klassifiziert als radioaktivElement. Die 33 Radioisotope haben eine relativ kurze Halbwertszeit. Spuren der Radioisotope finden sich in der Natur 210po, 211po, 212po, 214po, 215po, 216po und 218Po für.
Das kurzlebige Isotop von Polonium ist 188Po, mit einer Halbwertszeit von etwa 430 Mikrosekunden. Das langlebigste natürlich vorkommende ist 210Po, mit einer Halbwertszeit von 138,38 Tage. Dieses Isotop kommt als Zwischenprodukt in der Zerfallsreihe von Uran (Uran-Serie). Das künstlich hergestellte 209Po hat mit 124 Jahren die längste Halbwertszeit.
Überblick
| Nuklid | Z (p) | N (nein) | Isotope Masse (u) | halbes Leben | Radioaktiver Zerfall | VP | Kernspin | Isotopenverhältnis (Molenbruch) | Natürliches Vorkommen (Molbruch) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anregungsenergie | |||||||||
| 188po | 84 | 104 | 187,999422(21) | 430(180) µs | 0 | ||||
| 189po | 84 | 105 | 188,998481(24) | 5(1) Millisekunden | 3/2− | ||||
| 190po | 84 | 106 | 189,995101(14) | 2,46(5) ms | α (99,9%) | 186PN | 0 | ||
| β (0,1%) | 190Bi | ||||||||
| 191po | 84 | 107 | 190,994574(12) | 22(1) Millisekunden | α | 187PN | 3/2− | ||
| β (selten) | 191Bi | ||||||||
| 191mpo | 130(21) keV | 93(3) ms | (13/2) | ||||||
| 192po | 84 | 108 | 191,991335(13) | 32,2(3) ms | (99%) | 188PN | 0 | ||
| β (1%) | 192Bi | ||||||||
| 192mpo | 2600(500) keV | ± 1 µs | 12 | ||||||
| 193po | 84 | 109 | 192,99103(4) | 420(40) ms | α | 189PN | 3/2− | ||
| β (selten) | 193Bi | ||||||||
| 193mpo | 100(30) keV | 240(10) ms | α | 189PN | (13/2) | ||||
| β (selten) | 193Bi | ||||||||
| 194po | 84 | 110 | 193,988186(13) | 0,392(4) s | α | 190PN | 0 | ||
| β (selten) | 194Bi | ||||||||
| 194mpo | 2525(2) keV | 15(2) µs | (11−) | ||||||
| 195po | 84 | 111 | 194,98811(4) | 4.64(9) s | (75%) | 191PN | 3/2− | ||
| β (25%) | 195Bi | ||||||||
| 195mpo | 110(50) keV | 1,92(2) s | (90%) | 191PN | 13/2 | ||||
| β (10%) | 195Bi | ||||||||
| ES (0,01%) | 195po | ||||||||
| 196po | 84 | 112 | 195,985535(14) | 5,56(12) s | (94%) | 192PN | 0 | ||
| β (6%) | 196Bi | ||||||||
| 196mpo | 2490,5(17) keV | 850(90) ns | (11−) | ||||||
| 197po | 84 | 113 | 196,98566(5) | 53,6(10) s | β (54%) | 197Bi | (3/2−) | ||
| (44%) | 193PN | ||||||||
| 197mpo | 230(80) keV | 25,8(1) s | (84%) | 193PN | (13/2) | ||||
| β (16%) | 197Bi | ||||||||
| IT (0,01%) | 197po | ||||||||
| 198po | 84 | 114 | 197,983389(19) | 1,77(3) min | (57%) | 194PN | 0 | ||
| β (43%) | 198Bi | ||||||||
| 198m1po | 2565,92(20) keV | 200(20) ns | 11− | ||||||
| 198m2po | 2691,86(20) keV | 750(50) ns | 12 | ||||||
| 199po | 84 | 115 | 198,983666(25) | 5,48(16) min | β (92,5%) | 199Bi | (3/2−) | ||
| (7,5%) | 195PN | ||||||||
| 199mpo | 312.0(28) keV | 4,17(4) min | β (73,5%) | 199Bi | 13/2 | ||||
| (24%) | 195PN | ||||||||
| IT (2,5%) | 199po | ||||||||
| 200po | 84 | 116 | 199,981799(15) | 11,5(1) Minuten | β (88,8%) | 200Bi | 0 | ||
| (11,1%) | 196PN | ||||||||
| 201po | 84 | 117 | 200,982260(6) | 15,3 (2) Minuten | β (98,4%) | 201Bi | 3/2− | ||
| (1,6%) | 197PN | ||||||||
| 201mpo | 424,1(24) keV | 8,9 (2) Minuten | IT (56%) | 201po | 13/2 | ||||
| EV (41%) | 201Bi | ||||||||
| (2,9 %) | 197PN | ||||||||
| 202po | 84 | 118 | 201,980758(16) | 44,7(5) Minuten | β (98%) | 202Bi | 0 | ||
| (2%) | 198PN | ||||||||
| 202mpo | 2626,7(7) keV | > 200 ns | 11− | ||||||
| 203po | 84 | 119 | 202,981420(28) | 36,7(5) Minuten | β (99,89%) | 203Bi | 5/2− | ||
| (0,11 %) | 199PN | ||||||||
| 203m1po | 641,49(17) keV | 45(2) s | IT (99,96%) | 203po | 13/2 | ||||
| (0,04%) | 199PN | ||||||||
| 203m2po | 2158,5(6) keV | > 200 ns | |||||||
| 204po | 84 | 120 | 203,980318(12) | 3,53(2) Stunden | β (99,33%) | 204Bi | 0 | ||
| (0,66 %) | 200PN | ||||||||
| 205po | 84 | 121 | 204,981203(21) | 1,66(2) Stunden | β (99,96%) | 205Bi | 5/2− | ||
| (0,04%) | 201PN | ||||||||
| 205m1po | 143,166(17) keV | 310(60) ns | 1/2− | ||||||
| 205m2po | 880,30(4) keV | 645 µs | 13/2 | ||||||
| 205m3po | 1461,21(21) keV | 57,4(9) ms | ES | 205po | 19/2− | ||||
| 205m4po | 3087.2(4) keV | 115(10) ns | 29/2− | ||||||
| 206po | 84 | 122 | 205,980481(9) | 8,8(1) Tage | β (94,55%) | 206Bi | 0 | ||
| (5,45%) | 202PN | ||||||||
| 206m1po | 1585,85(11) keV | 222(10) ns | (8) | ||||||
| 206m2po | 2262,22(14) keV | 1,05(6) µs | (9−) | ||||||
| 207po | 84 | 123 | 206,981593(7) | 5,80(2) Stunden | β (99,97%) | 207Bi | 5/2− | ||
| (0,021 %) | 203PN | ||||||||
| 207m1po | 68.573(14) keV | 205(10) ns | 1/2− | ||||||
| 207m2po | 1115.073(16) keV | 49(4) µs | 13/2 | ||||||
| 207m3po | 1383,15(6) keV | 2.79(8) s | ES | 207po | 19/2− | ||||
| 208po | 84 | 124 | 207,9812457(19) | 2.898(2) Jahre | (99,99%) | 204PN | 0 | ||
| β (0,00277%) | 208Bi | ||||||||
| 209po | 84 | 125 | 208,9824304(20) | 124 Jahre[1] | (99,52%) | 205PN | 1/2− | ||
| β (0,48%) | 209Bi | ||||||||
| 210po | 84 | 126 | 209,9828737(13) | 138.376(2) Tage | α | 206PN | 0 | Spuren | |
| 210mpo | 5057,61(4) keV | 263(5) ns | 16 | ||||||
| 211po | 84 | 127 | 210,9866532(14) | 0,516(3) s | α | 207PN | 9/2 | Spuren | |
| 211m1po | 1462(5) keV | 25,2(6) s | (99,98%) | 207PN | (25/2) | ||||
| IT (0,016 %) | 211po | ||||||||
| 211m2po | 2135,7(9) keV | 243(21) ns | (31/2−) | ||||||
| 211m3po | 4873,3(17) keV | 2,8(7) µs | (43/2) | ||||||
| 212po | 84 | 128 | 211,9888680(13) | 299(2) ns | α | 208PN | 0 | Spuren | |
| 212 mpo | 2911(12) keV | 45,1(6) s | (99,93 %) | 208PN | (18) | ||||
| IT (0,07%) | 212po | ||||||||
| 213po | 84 | 129 | 212,992857(3) | 3,65(4) µs | α | 209PN | 9/2 | ||
| 214po | 84 | 130 | 213,9952014(16) | 164,3 (20) µs µ | α | 210PN | 0 | Spuren | |
| 215po | 84 | 131 | 214,9994200(27) | 1.781(4) ms | (99,99%) | 211PN | 9/2 | Spuren | |
| β− (2,3 × 10−4%) | 215beim | ||||||||
| 216po | 84 | 132 | 216,0019150(24) | 0,145(2) Sek. | α | 212PN | 0 | Spuren | |
| β−β− (seltsam) | 216rn | ||||||||
| 217po | 84 | 133 | 217,006335(7) | 1,47(5) s | (95%) | 213PN | 5/2 | ||
| β− (5%) | 217beim | ||||||||
| 218po | 84 | 134 | 218,0089730(26) | 3,10(1) Minuten | (99,98%) | 214PN | 0 | Spuren | |
| β− (0,02%) | 218beim | ||||||||
| 219po | 84 | 135 | 219,01374(39) | 2 Minuten | 7/2 | ||||
| 220po | 84 | 136 | 220,01660(39) | 40 s | 0 | ||||
Übersicht der Isotope pro Element
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